Gustav Radde

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Gustav Radde (1883)
Gustav Radde (1864)

Gustav Ferdinand Richard John (from) Radde (* 27. November 1831 in Gdansk , † March 2 . Jul / 15. March  1903 greg. In Tbilisi , Georgia ) was a Prussian , pommeranian geographer and naturalist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Radde ". His name in Russian is Густав Фердинанд Ричард Йоханнес фон Радде .

His wife was the daughter of Johann Friedrich von Brandt , Marie Amalie Fjodorowna and his daughter was Olga Gustawowna Radde (1873–1963), the wife of Alexander Wassiljewitsch Fomin .

Life

Youth and years of apprenticeship

Gustav Radde was born the son of an impoverished teacher. After graduating from high school, he trained as a pharmacist.

In 1852 he made a trip to the Crimean peninsula with the support of the Danzig Natural Research Society , where he stayed for three years. There he observed nature and put on extensive botanical and zoological collections. He made contact with the biologist Christian von Steven and Pjotr ​​Iwanowitsch Köppen , a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg , and was able to expand his scientific knowledge.

Exploration of Eastern Siberia

At the invitation of the Petersburg Geographical Society in 1855, he took part in an expedition to Eastern Siberia from 1855 to 1859. He explored the area around Lake Baikal , the Russian Dauria , the Amur region and the eastern part of the Sajan Mountains . After four years he returned with large collections of physical-geographical data. As curator at the Zoological Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy , he edited his research results from 1860 to 1862.

Exploration of the Caucasus

In 1862 he accompanied the natural scientist Karl Ernst von Baer to southern Russia. In 1863 he took up a position at the physical observatory in Tbilisi . At the end of the Caucasus War in 1864, he presented the administration of the Russian viceroy with a precise program for the biological-geographical exploration of the Caucasus and was commissioned to carry it out. In 1867 he became the founding director of the Caucasian Museum in Tbilisi (today the State Simon Janaschia Museum of Georgia ) and headed it until his death. In 1881 (September 20th to October 3rd) the 5th Russian Archaeological Congress took place in Tbilisi. To mark the occasion, the expanded museum was opened on the first day of the congress. In addition to numerous Russian scientists, Austrian and German scientists (including Rudolf Virchow ) were present.

His research trips took him to all areas of Transcaucasia . He traveled Armenia (1871), Dagestan , the Talysh - Mountains in Persia (1879-1880), Khevsureti , Abkhazia , Tusheti , Pshavi (today Mtskheta-Mtianeti ), the Colchian lowlands and Svaneti . 1886 explored Radde on a six-month expedition, the natural history of the Trans-Caspian region (the area under Russian domination in the Asian side of the Caspian Sea ), was in Khorasan , Ashgabat , Kopet Dag and Merv -Serach.

Radde was a corresponding member of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . In 1892 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . He published in German and Russian. Gustav Radde died in 1903 and was in Borjomi on the Kura buried.

Honors

Many animal and plant species described or discovered by him bear his name in different languages. These include Phylloscopus schwarzi ( Radde , 1863) (the “bearded warbler”, “Radde's Warbler”), Prunella ocularis ( Radde , 1884) (the “stone brownelle”, “Radde's Accentor”), Bufo raddei Strauch , 1876 (the “ Mongolian toad "," Radde's Toad "), Betula raddeana Trautv. , 1887 (a Caucasian birch, "Radde's birch"), Campanula raddeana Trautv. , 1866 (the "Caucasus bellflower") and Fritillaria raddeana rule , 1887 (a Central Asian bulbous plant). The mushroom genus Raddetes P.Karst. is named after him.

The village of Radde am Amur , in Obbluchye district of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in eastern Russia, is named after Radde .

Works

  • Travel in the south of Eastern Siberia . 1862/63
  • Travel in the Mingrelian high mountains . 1866
  • Ethnography of the Crimean Tatars . 1874
  • Four lectures on the Caucasus: given in the winter of 1873/4 in the larger cities of Germany . Perthes, Gotha 1874
  • Chews'uren and their country: a monographic attempt . Fischer, Cassel 1878
  • Ornis caucasica . 1884 ff.
  • The fauna and flora of the southwestern Caspi region . 1886
  • Traveling on the Persian-Russian border: Talysh and its inhabitants . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1886
  • From the Daghestani high Alps . 1887
  • The east bank of the Pontus and its cultural development over the last thirty years: preliminary report on the journeys in the Colchian lowlands, Adsharia, on the east bank of the Black Sea, on the lower reaches of the Kuban and on the crossing of the main chain from Psebai to Sochi in the summer of 1893 . Perthes, Gotha 1894 (with E. Koenig)
  • The northern foot of the Dagestan and the upstream lowlands up to the Kuma: Preliminary report on the trips made in the summer of 1894 . Perthes, Gotha 1894 (with E. Koenig)
  • Scientific results of the expedition to Trans-Caspia and North Khorassan, which was highly ordered in 1886 . Perthes, Gotha 1898
  • Basic features of the plant distribution in the Caucasus countries from the lower Volga over the Manych-Scheider to the apex of Upper Armenia . Engelmann, Leipzig 1899 (Gantner, Vaduz 1976, ISBN 3-7682-0987-3 )
  • The collections of the Caucasian Museum . Tbilisi n.d. (19XX)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Nestmeier: Two botanists: Prof. AW Fomin, his wife Prof. Olga Radde-Fomin and the reference to feet. Historical Association Säuling, annual publication 08, 2018, Miroslav W. Schewera (Kiev / Ukraine): The forgotten Ukrainian botanist Olga Gustavivna Radde-Fomina (on her 140th birthday). German translation from: Ukrainisches Botanisches Journal, Volume 73, Issue 4, 2016, pp. 409–414, History of Science. Published on September 19, 2016, (PDF) .
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

Commons : Gustav Radde  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Radde, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Radde, Gustav Ferdinand Richard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer and naturalist
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1903
Place of death Tbilisi , Georgia