Fumiko Hayashi

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Fumiko Hayashi

Fumiko Hayashi ( Japanese 林芙 美 子 , Hayashi Fumiko ; born December 31, 1903 in Shimonoseki , Yamaguchi Prefecture , † June 28, 1951 in Tokyo ), Japanese writer ; she was one of the most popular writers in Japan in the 1950s. She wrote poems, children's stories, short stories, novels, essays.

Life

The family origin of Fumiko Hayashis is unclear; It is also believed to have come from the Furusato Onsen Spa in Kagoshima Prefecture, or today's Kitakyushu City . She was the daughter of a businessman. At the age of seven, her mother separated from her father; She subsequently led a wandering life as a child of peddlers on the island of Kyushu , which was characterized by poverty and frequent changes of school. She continued her youth in Onomichi , Hiroshima Prefecture . Her literary talent was already evident in her childhood. In her spare time, she wrote poems, short stories and children's stories from an early age, which also attracted public attention. With the support of a benefactor, she was able to attend the municipal girls' school and she aspired to a career as a writer at an early age. After graduating from school in 1922, she moved to Tokyo with her lover to write. She worked as a maid, office worker, factory worker, and waitress to make a living. In Tokyo she lived in changing relationships with men until she married the painter Rokubin Tezuka ( 手塚 緑 敏 ) in 1926 . Since 1930 trips to China and Europe ; from 1932 she lived mostly in Paris . In October 2005 the "Hayashi Fumiko Memorial" was opened in the Shinjuku district of Tokyo at her former residence (architect Yamaguchi Bunzō ).

Create

The 1930 published Roman Hōrōki ( 放浪 記 , 1930, "Diary of a vagabond"), in which she processed the time between her 19th and 23rd year, became a bestseller and was filmed as an anime under the title Wandering Days . Much of her work revolves around the themes of free spirited women and difficult relationships. Again and again she wrote about poverty, oppression and the suffering caused by the war. Her subsequent works such as Inazuma ( 稲 妻 , “Lightning”), Ukigumo ( 浮雲 , “Driving Clouds”) or Meshi ( め し , “Food”) were published, for Bangiku ( 晩 菊 , “Late Chrysanthemums”) she received the literary prize for women . Although Hayashi was briefly influenced by proletarian literature , her investigation of the subject of social justice is based on optimism and belief in the human will to survive.

In her stories, Hayashi realistically tells the hard life of the lower classes in Tokyo. She depicts a world full of degeneracy, humiliation and insecurity, in which women are tyrannized by men and are therefore often apathetic. Despite this harshness, there is also happiness and hope in the depictions of the lower class, especially in humble, yet fearless female figures. In the literary work of Fumiko Hayashi, recognizable despair is always compensated for by a strong will to live and belief in the future. The simple, poetic language prevents their sentimentality from slipping into sentimentality.

Works

Japanese title in italics. Previously untranslated titles in free translation. Titles from German, English or French broadcasts are marked in bold .

  • Aisuru hitotachi dt .: lovers
  • Asagohan dt .: breakfast
  • Asa yū dt .: morning and evening
  • Aru onna dt .: a woman
  • Inakagaeri dt .: return to the country
  • Utsukushii inu dt .: a beautiful dog
  • Ehon German: picture book
  • Ōshima gyō dt .: journey to Ôshima
  • Ochiaimachi Sansenki
  • Otōsan dt .: father
  • Onion kurabu dt .: The onion club
  • Kaeru dt .: the frog
  • Kashiya sagashi dt .: apartment house search
  • Kame-San dt .: Mr. Schildkröt
  • Kitsune monogatari dt .: Fox story
  • Kurara German: Klara
  • Genkan no techō dt .: The notebook in the hallway
  • Kōfuko no kanata dt .: The other side of happiness
  • Kodomotachi German: children
  • Konki dt .: age at marriage
  • Shūka dt .: autumn fruits
  • Shûshoku dt .: job search
  • Seikatsu dt .: life
  • Seishūkan sōwa
  • Tanima no tegami dt .: letter from the gorge
  • Tamagawa dt .: The Tama River
  • Chiisai hana dt .: small flower
  • Tsuru no fue dt .: The whistling of the cranes
  • Nakimushi Kozo dt .: apprentice crybaby en:
  • Nureta ashi dt .: wet reeds
  • Bakufu dt .: waterfall
  • Bangiku
    • Late chrysanthemums. Translated by Jürgen Berndt. In: Dreams of Ten Nights. Japanese narratives of the 20th century. Eduard Klopfenstein, Theseus Verlag, Munich 1992. ISBN 3-85936-057-4
  • Hirame no gakkō dt .: The school of flatfish
  • Fukurō no dairyokō dt .: The owl's great journey
  • Bungakuteki jijoden dt .: Literary biography
  • Hōrōtei shujin
  • Manshūko ryōki dt .: The Manchukuo travel diary
  • Menōban dt .: The agate bowl
  • Yorufuku dt .: evening happiness
  • "Rira" no onnatachi
  • Rinraku dt .: decline
  • Ren'ai no bikun dt .: love frenzy
  • Aouma wo mitari
  • Ukigumo dt .: driving clouds engl .: floating clouds fr .: Nuages ​​flottants
  • Ehon Sarutobi Sasuke German: A Sarutobi Sasuke picture book
  • Kawahaze river gobies
  • Keikichi no gakkō dt .: The Keikichi school
  • Sakana no jobun dt .: Foreword of the fish
  • Shimai dt .: siblings
  • Seihin no sho dt .: The honorable poverty
  • Shitamachi German: Lower Town, English: French: La Ville
  • Tōkyō no yane no shita dt .: Under the roofs of Tokyo
  • Fūkin to sakana no machi
    • “Accordion and City of Fish” translated by Kakuji Watanabe. In: Japanese Masters of the Story , Walter Dorn Verlag, Bremen, 1960, pp. 105–126.
  • Hōrōki dt .: records of a vagabond time
  • Hon'inbō Shūsai shi dt .: Mr. Hon'inbō Shūsai (a Japanese Go player)
  • Yakushima ryōki dt .: The Yakushima travel diary

Translations

Novels

  • Hōrōki : Fessler, Susanna: Wandering Heart: the work and method of Hayashi Fumiko State University of New York Press, Albany 1998. ISBN 0-7914-3908-9
  • Ukigumo : Hayashi, Fumiko: Floating Clouds The Information Publ .: Tokyo 1957; engl. Trans. V. Koitabashi, Y.

Short stories

  • Kaeru the frog; German transl. v. Till Weingärtner in booklets for East Asian literature. Issue 35 (Nov. 2003) Munich: Iudicium.
  • Hōrōki records of a vagabond time; German transl. v. Watanabe Kakuji; Revised by Heinrich Schmidt Barrien in Watanabe Kakuji (Ed.): Japanese Masters of Narration . W. Dorn: Bremen 1960.
  • Tōkyō Tokyo; from the English by Monique Humbert in Keel, Daniel (ed.): Nippon. Zurich: Diogenes 1965.

Film adaptations

  • Hōrōki (Diary of a Vagabond) 1962 Director: Mikio Naruse
  • Onna Kazoku (female family) 1961 Director: Hisamatsu Seiji
  • Shitamachi (Old Town) 1957 Director: Kasahara Ryozo
  • Ukigumo (Driving Clouds) 1955 directed by Mikio Naruse
  • Bangiku (Late Chrysanthemums) 1954 directed by Mikio Naruse
  • Tsuma (wife) 1953 Director: Mikio Naruse
  • Inazuma (Blitz) 1952 directed by Mikio Naruse
  • Meshi (Essen) 1951 directed by Mikio Naruse
  • Nakimushi Kozo (Apprentice Crybaby) 1938 Director: Toyoda Shirō

literature

  • Ericson, Joan E .: Be a woman: Hayashi Fumiko and modern Japanese women's literature University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu 1997. ISBN 0-8248-1884-9
  • Hayashi, Fumiko: I saw a pale horse and selected poems from a diary of a vagabond Cornell University: Ithaca, NY 1997; engl. Trans. V. Janice Brown. ISBN 1-885445-66-0
  • Schneider, Dominique: A flower's life is short, only its sufferings are numerous. About Fumiko Hayashi in Japanese women writers 1890-2006 (Eduard Klopfenstein, ed.) In the magazine of the Swiss Asian Society, Asian Studies LXI-2-2007, Verlag Peter Lang AG, Bern, ISSN  0004-4717

Web links

Commons : Hayashi Fumiko  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hayashi, Fumiko
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 林芙 美 子 (Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese writer of the Taishô and early Shôwa periods
DATE OF BIRTH December 31, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Shimonoseki , Yamaguchi Prefecture
DATE OF DEATH June 28, 1951
Place of death Tokyo