Treaty of Kalisch (1813)
The Treaty of Kalisch of February 28, 1813 between Prussia and Russia created the diplomatic prerequisites for the start of the wars of liberation that would lead to the end of Napoleon's rule . Prussia switched to Russia after Napoleon's failed Russian campaign the previous year.
The alliance was preceded by the Tauroggen Convention , which ended the state of war between Prussia and Russia on December 30, 1812. In a rescript to his negotiator Paulucci, Tsar Alexander I had already on 6 July. / December 18, Greg. expressed his intention to enter into an alliance with Prussia against France.
In the Russian headquarters in Kalisch , in the Duchy of Warsaw , which was conquered by Russia , Prussia and Russia concluded a peace, friendship and alliance treaty. Prussia publicly ended the alliance against Russia imposed on it by Napoleon in May 1812. On the Prussian side, Colonel Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck delivered - shortly afterwards he rose to become adjutant general of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. on - the Prussian draft. This envisaged the restoration of Prussia within the boundaries of 1806 as well as further territorial expansion for Prussia in northern Germany. Major General Gerhard von Scharnhorst reported on military matters from Kalisch to the Prussian government .
The then decisive Russian proposal was largely determined by Freiherr vom Stein , who was in exile at the Tsar's court in Russia . This guaranteed in two secret articles the restoration of Prussia in the "statistical, geographical and financial" conditions of 1806 as well as territorial roundings. Prussia had to give up the territory of the Duchy of Warsaw. A connection between the "old" Prussia and Silesia was granted - not the existing connection via Pomerania and the Neumark, but the cession of part of Wielkopolska, namely the later Grand Duchy of Poznan. Prussia was also to get back its possessions in northern Germany with the exception of the former Electorate of Hanover . In principle, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 was based on these territorial guidelines.
Russia undertook to raise an army of 150,000 men against France. Prussia promised 80,000 men. The contract was finally signed on February 27, 1813 in Breslau and one day later in Kalisch. Prussia declared war on France on March 16, 1813.
Because the French language was the language of diplomacy at the time, the treaty, although directed against France, was written in French.
literature
- Rudolf Renz: Treaty of Kalisch. In: Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexicon of German history . People, events, institutions. From the turn of the times to the end of the 2nd World War. 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-520-80002-0 , p. 626.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Comparative Legal Linguistics, p. 193 books.google.de