Hague Agreement

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Hague Agreement of 1907 in the German Reich Law Gazette 1910, p. 5 ff.

A number of conventions which were concluded at the Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907 between the most important powers of the time and which contain various rules of international warfare are referred to as the Hague Agreement or Hague Conventions . To this day, they form an important part of international humanitarian law , insofar as they are not overtaken by technical developments. Only the provisions on the treatment of prisoners of war and civilians have been replaced by the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949. The part of international humanitarian law that includes the Hague Conventions is sometimes referred to as Hague Law , alongside the Geneva law defined by the Geneva Conventions .

The agreements of the second Hague Peace Conference are numbered as follows:

  1. Hague Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
  2. Hague Convention on the Non-Use of Force in the Collection of Contract Debts
  3. Hague Agreement on the start of hostilities (also on neutrality and the form of declaration of war )
  4. Hague Convention on the Laws and Customs of Land War (with Hague Land War Regulations )
  5. Hague Convention on the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Event of Land War
  6. Hague Agreement on the Treatment of Enemy Merchant Boats in the Event of Outbreak of Hostilities
  7. Hague Agreement on the conversion of merchant ships into warships
  8. Hague Agreement on the laying of submarine automatic contact mines
  9. Hague Convention on Shelling by Naval Forces in Time of War
  10. Hague Agreement concerning the application of the principles of the Geneva Agreement to naval warfare
  11. Hague Agreement on Certain Restrictions on the Right to Loot in Sea Wars
  12. Hague Agreement on the Establishment of an International Prize Court (not in force)
  13. Hague Agreement concerning the rights and obligations of neutrals in the event of naval war

Most of the Hague Conventions contain a so-called all -participation clause . This states that the agreement in question only applies during a war if all states involved in the war are contracting parties to the respective agreement. The Hague Land Warfare Regulations (Annex to the IV. Hague Agreement) as the most important part of the Hague Agreements is now regarded as customary international law . It therefore also applies to states that are not explicitly party to this agreement. This legal opinion was established, among other things, by a judgment of the International Military Court of Nuremberg in 1946 and has been generally recognized since then.

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