Augustin Leyser
Augustin Leyser , von Leyser since 1738 , Baron von Leyser since 1751 , also Leiser , Leysser and Lysser , (born October 18, 1683 in Wittenberg ; † May 4, 1752 ibid) was an important jurist of the Usus modernus pandectarum and heir to Nudersdorf Castle .
Life
Augustin Leyser was born the son of Professor of Law Wilhelm Leyser II and his wife Christina (1652–1711). At the age of six he lost his father, so that the Chancellor Johann Ernst von Schönleben directed his upbringing. This sent him to the monastery school in Berge near Magdeburg and in 1697 to the grammar school in Gotha . In 1699 he returned to Wittenberg to enroll on September 8, 1699 at the law faculty of Wittenberg University . In 1704 he moved to the University of Halle and undertook study trips to Holland , Italy , England , Cologne , Wetzlar and Vienna . Shaped by the diverse experiences, he returned to Wittenberg, disputed with "De Logomachiis lurisperitorum" and he his law on January 20, 1707 Licentiate acquired and Professor of Law and in 1708 as an associate judge of the law faculty and 1709 eventually becoming Doctor of Laws appointed has been. In addition to his lectures, he conducted studies for the preparation of dissertations and legal treatises.
In 1712 he received a professorship at the University of Helmstedt , where he also served as the rector of the university in the winter semester of 1720. In 1717 he became court judge in Wolfenbüttel and in 1721 court counselor in Braunschweig .
Due to legal disputes, he accepted a position at the Wittenberg University in 1729 . In Wittenberg he became director of the ecclesiastical consistory , first assessor at the court , got a jury's chair at the court and was ultimately promoted to court councilor. Leyser's teaching program enabled him to prepare his students for their exams in just 18 months. During this time he taught all areas of law in 18 hours a week, as well as three hours of practical exercises, using textbooks suitable for him.
It is known about his family circumstances that Leyser married the daughter of his cousin Friedrich Wilhelm Leyser , a Dorothea Elenore Leyser, in 1720 . From this connection came two sons, both of them, Wilhelm, as heir to Dommitzsch and royal Polish and electoral Saxon lieutenant with the count. Stolberg Infantry Regiment on June 8, 1750 on the manor Nudersdorf and Augustin, 1743 as a student, died before her father.
He was buried on May 9, 1752 at Nudersdorf Castle, which he had acquired in 1738. Because of the early death of his sons, his castle was handed over to the Braunschweig-Lüneburg Oberappellationsrat Friedrich Wilhelm von Leyser († 1766), a son of Polykarp Leyser III. and brother of Polykarp Leyser IV. , inherited.
plant
The literary expression of his work as a law teacher, judge and appraiser was a collection of more than 700 smaller works, begun in 1713 and not finished until 1748, which Leyser gradually published in eleven volumes in the order of the digests under the title Meditationes ad Pandectas . These are dissertations and disputations developed by Leyser himself and defended by his students , in which a total of thousands of sentences and judgments of the courts and ruling faculties of which Leyser was a member are reproduced and explained in extracts. Leyser had significantly influenced the development of private and criminal law . Although his works are of secondary importance today, a number of Leyser's legal views flowed into today's legal views at the beginning of the 18th century. He was already covered by the law of reason and read to Pufendorf .
His reputation was big enough that he renewed his nobility diploma in 1739 and expanded it shortly before his death in 1751. Leyser died on May 4, 1752. With him, the heyday of the judging activities of the law faculty Leucorea , at that time leading in Germany in matters of expert opinion, ended.
At the time of Leyser, when the old empire was drawing to a close, jurists no longer only discussed the integration of Roman law into existing local law , if it did not overlap it anyway (classic age of Usus modernus pandectarum ). A freely designed natural law system was added.
literature
- Klaus Luig: Leyser, Augustin Freiherr von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 437-439 ( digitized version ).
- Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart : Leyser, Augustin Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, pp. 519-523.
- Walter Hagena: Leyser, Augustin von . In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Dieter Lent u. a. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon: 8th to 18th century . Appelhans, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , pp. 440f.
- Nikolaus Müller: The finds in the tower knobs of the town church in Wittenberg . Evangelical bookstore Ernst Holtermann , Magdeburg 1912
- Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Gerhard Fleischer the Younger, Leipzig, Volume 8, p. 216 ( Online )
- Fritz Roth : Complete evaluations of funeral sermons and personal documents for genealogical and cultural-historical purposes . Volume 8, pp. 184-186, R 7281
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Wieacker : History of private law in the modern age. With special consideration of the German development (= jurisprudence in individual representations. Vol. 7, ZDB-ID 501118-8). 2nd, revised edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1967. P. 221 f.
- ↑ Uwe Wesel : History of the law. From the early forms to the present . 3rd revised and expanded edition, Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-47543-4 . Marg. 247.
Web links
- Works by and about Augustin Leyser in the German Digital Library
- Works by Augustin von Leyser in the Freiburg University Library
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Leyser, Augustin |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Leyser, Augustin Baron von; Leiser, Augustin; Leysser, Augustin; Lysser, Augustin |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German lawyer |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 18, 1683 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Wittenberg |
DATE OF DEATH | May 4, 1752 |
Place of death | Wittenberg |