1356
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Map with all linked sites: | 1356 | |
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| 1356 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 804/805 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1348/49 |
| Aztec calendar | 6. Pipes - Chicuace Acatl (until the end of January / beginning of February 5th Rabbit - Macuilli Tochtli ) |
| Buddhist calendar | 1899/1900 (southern Buddhism); 1898/99 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 67th (68th) cycle
Year of the fire monkey丙申 ( at the beginning of the year wood sheep 乙未) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 718/719 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 734/735 |
| Islamic calendar | 756/ 757 /758 (Year 4-5 January. // 24-25. December) |
| Jewish calendar | 5116/17 (August 26-27) |
| Coptic calendar | 1072/73 |
| Malayalam calendar | 531/532 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1666/67 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1667/68 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1394 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1412/13 |
Events
Politics and world events
Golden bull
- January 10th : The first 23 chapters of the Golden Bull , the so-called Nuremberg Law Book , are promulgated by Emperor Charles IV at the Reichstag in Nuremberg . The bull is considered the first constitutional document in Germany and remains authoritative until 1806 . Are determined u. a. the election of a king (in Frankfurt am Main ), the ban on alliances for cities and the allocation of regalia .
- November 17th : The Metz court day begins.
- December 25th : In Metz , Emperor Charles IV proclaims the last chapter of the Golden Bull , the Metz Code .
Hundred Years War
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The Battle of Maupertuis on September 19th brings a major victory for England in the Hundred Years War . The Black Prince , son of the English King Edward III. , takes the French King John II prisoner. His son, the Dauphin Karl , leaves the battlefield before the end on the instructions of his father and is scorned by the French nobility. On September 29th, Karl moves into Paris and takes over government affairs in France . The estates of northern France, from whom Karl hopes to approve new taxes to finance the war, are summoned for October 17th . Instead, however, he is confronted with an aristocratic frond around Bishop Robert le Coq, who openly speaks out in favor of King Charles II of Navarre as regent. Karl then relied more on the bourgeois class around the head of the Parisian trade guild Étienne Marcel , who called for far-reaching reforms of the royal state, but supported Charles's governorship. In winter Karl travels to Metz, where he meets with his uncle, Emperor Karl IV. The emperor has been in an offensive alliance with England against France since 1348 , which, however, had not yet become active. In order to guarantee that the emperor would keep still, Charles swore him on Christmas Day for the Dauphiné and, as the deputy of his underage brother Philip the Bold , for the Free County of Burgundy .
Other events in Europe
- January 20th : Edward Balliol renounces his claim to the throne as King of Scotland and receives from the English King Edward III. a pension.
- August 13 : Five days after the death of Giovanni Gradenigo , Giovanni Dolfin is elected in absentia as his successor as Doge of Venice , although there are concerns as to whether the person blind in one eye would be suitable for the office. At the time of his election, Dolfin is in the city of Treviso , besieged by Hungarian troops , from which he freed himself with a daring coup when he learns of his election.
- After eleven years, Simone Boccanegra is again Doge of the Republic of Genoa .
- The first general Hanseatic day is held in Lübeck's town hall , and representatives of the most important Hanseatic cities meet in Lübeck .
- The civil war in Portugal that broke out over the execution of Inês de Castro in 1355 has been provisionally resolved. King Alfonso IV appoints his son Peter I as co-regent. However, the tensions within the House of Burgundy remain.
Asia
- China: The rebel leader and later Emperor Hongwu succeeds in conquering the city of Nanjing / Nanking.
First documentary mentions
- First documentary mentions of Heimenhausen , Leonfelden , Rappenau , Rosenthal and Rösrath
science and technology
- The University of Angers is founded in France .
religion
- January 21 : Johann Windlock , Bishop of Constance , is assassinated in his residence near Constance Minster . On February 5, there will be a double election for his successor. On Albert von Hohenberg as on Ulrich von Friedingen each account for several voices. A decision by Pope Innocent VI, who was then called on . does not take place until the end of the year.
Disasters
- October 18 : The city of Basel is destroyed by an earthquake . The worst earthquake ever documented in Central Europe , whose epicenter is in the village of Reinach , kills between 100 and 2,000 people, depending on the source.
- The plague rages in Central Europe, especially in Franconia .
Born
- February 6 : Henry Ferrers , English nobleman († 1388 )
- July 29th : Martin I , King of Aragon († 1410 )
- Samsaenthai , king of the kingdom Lan Xang (Laos) († 1416 / 1417 )
- Thomas III , Margrave of Saluzzo, author († 1416 )
Died
First half of the year
- Beginning of the year: Preljub , Serbian voivode and provincial governor in Thessaly (* 1312)
- January 21 : Johann Windlock , Bishop of Constance
- March 3rd : Johann Klingenberg , councilor of Lübeck
- March 5 : John Darcy , English nobleman and military man (* 1317 )
- March 12 : Rudolf I , Duke and first Elector of Saxony (* around 1284 )
- May 10 : Konrad Groß , Nuremberg councilor (* around 1280 )
- May 10 : Rhys ap Gruffydd , Welsh nobleman and general
- June 8 : Elizabeth de Badlesmere , English noblewoman (* around 1313 )
- June 21 : Bolko II , Duke of Opole (* around 1300 )
- June 23 : Margaret I ., Roman-German Queen and Empress, Countess of Holland, Zeeland and Friesland as Margarethe II and Countess of Hainaut (* around 1307 / 1310 )
Second half of the year
- July 15 : Henry III. , Bishop of Lavant
- August 8th : Giovanni Gradenigo , Doge of Venice
- August 11th : Andreas von Wislica , Bishop of Schwerin
- September 19 : Geoffroy de Charny , French knight and author (* around 1300 )
- September 19th : Jean de Clermont , Lord of Chantilly and Marshal of France
- September 19 : Pierre I. de Bourbon , Duke of Bourbon (* 1311 )
- September 19 : Walter VI. , Count of Brienne, Conversano and Lecce, titular duke of Athens and Connétable of France (* around 1304 )
- October 19 : Joan de Geneville , English noblewoman (* 1286 )
- October: Richard Talbot , English nobleman, judge and military man (* around 1306 )
- November 9th : Friedrich , Count of Freiburg and Landgrave in Breisgau (* 1316 )
- December 20 : Gaillard de la Mothe , French cardinal
- December 27 : Christine Ebner , German nun and mystic (* 1277 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Wrong Woldemar , impostor
- Friedrich Auer , Mayor of Regensburg
- Johann III. , Duke of Saxony-Lauenburg (* around 1335 )
- Jovan Oliver , Serbian nobleman and military leader (* around 1310 )
- Wilhelm von Landstein , Governor of Moravia and Burgrave of Prague
