Tibor Déry

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Tibor Déry around 1930

Tibor Déry (born October 18, 1894 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; † August 18, 1977 there ) was an important Hungarian writer, poet, dramaturge and essayist.

Déry's grave in the Farkasréti cemetery in Budapest

Life

Tibor Déry came from a middle-class Jewish family. Since his mother was Austrian, German was spoken in his family. Otherwise, he grew up in a completely Hungarian-speaking environment and therefore wrote in Hungarian from the start. Déry initially completed a commercial apprenticeship before living in Switzerland from 1911 to 1912. From 1913 to 1918 he worked for an uncle in a sawmill. As a communist he took part in the revolution in 1919 and supported the Hungarian Soviet Republic . After their collapse, Déry lived in exile, initially in Austria , where he worked in Vienna at the magazines Bécsi Magyar Ujság (Wiener Ungarische Zeitung) and Ma(Today) collaborated. Then he went to France from 1924 to 1926 and lived in various European countries between 1929 and 1935, including Germany. In 1933 he lived briefly in Dubrovnik and came to Vienna at Christmas time, where he was involved in the Schutzbund and the Red Aid . In February 1934 he took part in the civil war on the side of the Schutzbund and had to flee to Mallorca after the defeat of the Social Democrats. During this time he published in the journal Dokumentum . In Berlin he had contacts with Herwarth Walden and his magazine Sturm . In the 1930s Déry's first major short stories were written in Hungary, to which he returned in 1935. Until then he had only written a few surrealist poems and short stories. He published the communist magazine Gondolat (thought), which could appear legally at the time. During the dictatorship of the Horthy regime, he was imprisoned in 1938 for translating André Gide's travelogue to Russia. In 1939 he traveled to Romania and worked illegally from 1940-41.

After 1945 Déry supported the Communist seizure of power, but soon came into conflict with Stalinism . In 1947 Déry was editor of the magazine Csillag (Stern). In 1948 he received what is now Hungary's most important state art prize, the then newly founded Kossuth Prize . He was held in high regard as one of the outstanding writers of the illegal communist movement. In 1952, however, he got caught in the crossfire of Culture Minister József Révai , who was the sole ruler of Hungarian cultural life at the time, who heavily criticized the second volume of Déry's novel Felelet (Answer) and accused the writer of “deviantism”.

Together with some other left-wing intellectuals such as Georg Lukács , Déry is considered to be one of the intellectual pioneers of the 1956 uprising. He supported the Imre Nagy regime and took an active part in the revolution. The writers Gyula Illyés and István Örkény were his like-minded people at the time. After the failure of the revolution, he was sentenced to nine years in prison in 1957, which he only had to serve until 1960. His works were banned until 1962: During this time, however, he wrote translations from German that were also published (Kästner's Emil und die Detektiven , 1957; Feuchtwanger's Füchse im Weinberg , 1963). After a self-critical pamphlet that he had to write, Déry was well respected and respected in Hungary, his works could be printed again. In 1973, his novel Erdachter Report was set to music by the Hungarian rock band Locomotiv GT about an American pop festival and successfully performed as a musical in Budapest, Meiningen and Leipzig.

The Tibor Déry Prize, named after the writer, has been awarded since 1984.

Works

Original editions

  • Lia . 1917.
  • Az óriáscsecsemő . 1926.
  • A befejezetlen mondat . Novel, composed 1934–1938, published 1947 (German: The unfinished sentence, Berlin (East) 1954)
  • Felelet . Roman 1950 (German The Answer, Berlin (East) 1952)
  • Niki. Egy kutya története . Roman 1956 (German Niki or The Story of a Dog, Frankfurt am Main 1958)
  • Szerelem . Stories 1963 (German love)
  • GA úr X.-ben . Roman 1964 (German Mr. GA in X., Frankfurt am Main 1966)
  • A kiközösító . Roman 1966 (German Ambrosius, Frankfurt am Main 1968)
  • Kedves bópeer! Roman 1973 (German dear father-in-law, Frankfurt am Main 1976)
  • Itélek nincs , memories 1969 (German no judgment, Frankfurt am Main 1972)

Further editions in German translations

  • The unfinished sentence . Frankfurt am Main 1957
  • The giant . Narrative. Insel Verlag, Wiesbaden 1958 ( Insel-Bücherei 677/1)
  • The Portuguese king's daughter . Stories. Frankfurt am Main 1959
  • Anna Petri . Novel. Berlin (East) 1959
  • A happy funeral and other stories . Frankfurt am Main 1963
  • Accountability and other narratives . Frankfurt am Main 1964
  • Games of the underworld . Leipzig 1968
  • Fictitious report on an American pop festival . Novel. Berlin (East) 1974 ( Spektrum Vol. 73)
  • The story of the life and death of St. Amrosius, Bishop of Milan . Berlin, 1977 and 1981
  • No judgement. Memoirs. Berlin, 1983
  • The gunman . An illustrated poem. Budapest 1985
  • A fine old man . Stories. Berlin (East) 1988
  • Love = love . Budapest 1992
  • Prison letters . Tibor Déry's correspondence with his mother and wife 1957-60. Budapest 1999

Film adaptations

script
  • 1970: love ( Szerelem )
Literary template
  • 1974: The unfinished movement ( 141 perc a befejezetlen mondatbol ) - directed by Zoltán Fábri
  • 1979: Behind the brick wall ( A teglafal mögött )

literature

Web links

Commons : Tibor Déry  - collection of images, videos and audio files

notes

  1. ↑ permanent reprints
personal data
SURNAME Déry, Tibor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 18, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH 18th August 1977
Place of death Budapest