Thomas Olivier

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Thomas Olivier or Thomas Oliver , also Oliver der Sachse , Oliver von Paderborn , Oliver von Köln , (* around 1170 , probably in Westphalia ; † September 11, 1227 in Otranto ) was bishop of Paderborn from 1223 to 1225 until Pope Honorius III . elevated to cardinal in 1225 . He was the first Paderborn bishop to become a cardinal.

Life

He probably came from Westphalia or Friesland. Since 1196 he belonged to the Paderborn cathedral chapter and as cathedral scholaster headed the Paderborn cathedral school . Since 1202 he was also active as a cathedral scholaster in Cologne. Around 1205 he was also Chancellor of Cologne's Archbishop Bruno .

In 1207 he stayed briefly in Paris for study purposes and then preached for the Albigensian Crusade .

From 1209 to 1213 he stayed again in the Archbishopric of Cologne, where he received the appeal of Pope Innocent III. learned about the Fifth Crusade . In the spring of 1214 he began to preach the crusade in the Rhineland, the Netherlands and Friesland, where he managed to find thousands of volunteers who declared participation in the crusade; in Cologne the crusaders began to equip their own fleet.

In 1217 the crusader army set out for the Holy Land . Oliver probably joined a partial army of the Crusaders with whom he traveled along the Rhine and Rhone to Marseille , from where they embarked for Outremer . Oliver himself reports on the following events of the Crusade in his Chronicle Historia Damiatina . In the Holy Land he distinguished himself especially because, when King Andrew of Hungary broke off the crusade in 1218 and returned to Europe , he persuaded his Cologne-Frisian contingent, which had just arrived in Acre and circumnavigated the Iberian Peninsula , to continue the crusade and to attack Damiette in Egypt. In August 1218, the Frisian crusaders stood out when, with the help of a ship specially converted on Oliver's advice , they succeeded in conquering the Damiette tower in the middle of the Nile. He probably also acted as secretary to the papal legate Cardinal Pelagius .

After the Crusaders had been defeated and had to withdraw from Egypt in September 1221, Oliver stayed in Acre until September or October 1222. Two letters from him have survived from this period, one to the Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt, the other to the Islamic scholars there, in which he tried, with the polemical scholarship of his time, to convince them of the reprehensibility of the Muslim faith and to accept it of Christianity to move.

Back in Germany, he preached from 1223 for the second attempt at the Fifth Crusade under Emperor Friedrich II.

After the death of Bishop Bernhard III. of Paderborn on March 28, 1223 Oliver was to be elected Bishop of Paderborn. The choice was not undisputed, and the opposing candidate, Heinrich von Brakel , provost of Busdorf, received the regalia from the king and the confirmation from the Archbishop of Mainz , but Oliver sought his right from the Roman Curia . On April 7, 1225 he was finally by Pope Honorius III. confirmed as Bishop of Paderborn. However, he did not stay in his diocese, but mainly in the vicinity of the Pope, who elevated him to Cardinal Bishop of Sabina in September 1225 and declared the diocese vacant.

In 1227 he joined the crusade army of Emperor Frederick II, which was gathering in southern Italy, as a papal legate. Before he could embark with the army for Outremer, he died on September 11, 1227 in Otranto as a victim of an epidemic that broke out in the crusader army.

literature

  • Hermann Hoogeweg :  Oliver von Paderborn . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 305-308.
  • Erich Weise : The Cologne Cathedral Scholaster Oliver and the beginnings of the Teutonic Order in Prussia . In: Hans Reykers (arr.): In the shadow of St. Gereon. Erich Kuphal on July 1, 1960 . Verlag der Löwe, Cologne 1960, pp. 385–394.
  • Hans Jürgen Brandt, Karl Hengst : The bishops and archbishops of Paderborn (publications on the history of the central German church province; Vol. 1). Verlag Bonifatius-Druckerei, Paderborn 1984, ISBN 3-87088-381-2 , pp. 117-120.
  • Anna Dorothea von den Brincken: Islam and Oriens Christianus in the writings of the Cologne cathedral scholastic Olivier († 1227): in Zimmermann, Albert, Kraemer-Ruegenberg, Ingrid Vuillemin, Gudrun. Oriental culture European Middle Ages, de Gruyter Berlin, 1985; P. 86ff.
  • Wolfgang Giese:  Oliver of Paderborn. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 522 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Student Council History of the Gymnasium Theodorianum in Paderborn (ed.): Gymnasium Theodorianum Paderborn 799-1612-1987 . 375 years of school building on Kamp. Self-published, Paderborn 1987.
  2. ↑ on the controversial election of bishops cf. Brandt / Hengst 1984: 117
predecessor Office successor
Bernhard III. from Oesede Bishop of Paderborn
1223–1225 		Wilbrand of Oldenburg
Aldobrandino Gaetani Cardinal Bishop of Sabina
1225–1227 		Jean II. Halgrin d'Abbeville
personal data
SURNAME Olivier, Thomas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oliver, Thomas; Oliver the Saxon; Oliver from Paderborn; Oliver from Cologne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German cardinal of the Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH around 1170
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Westphalia or Friesland
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1227
Place of death Otranto