Flemming (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Flemming

Flemming is the name of a Pomeranian nobility .

history

The name suggests a Flemish origin. The family probably came to the northern Oder regions on the western border of Western Pomerania in the course of the German state expansion in the 13th century . After a decisive victory over the Slavs east of the Elbe and the founding of the Mark Brandenburg in 1157, Albrecht the Bear and the Magdeburg Archbishop Wichmann von Seeburg summoned settlers to the new eastern territories. Among them were a very large number of Flemings who gave its name to one of the first mountain ranges to be settled, the Fläming . The Flemming family must therefore not simply be brought into a genealogical connection with other old families of the same but only ethnic origin, such as the Swedish aristocratic Fleming family or the Scottish Lords Fleming, Earls of Wigton .

Map of the Duchy of Western Pomerania with the Flemming District (in the far west)

The first family member mentioned in a document is Henricus Flemmingus zu Havelberg , mentioned in a document in 1209; the direct line of tribe did not begin until Thamm von Flemming, who was Marshal of the Duchy of Pomerania in 1281 and in 1302 as the owner of Stepnitz on the right bank of the Oder, at the southern tip of the Oderhaff . The coat of arms of his son Konrad was first proven in 1319. In the period that followed, descendants spread by name in the Kamminer and Wolliner areas and acquired so many goods there that the Kamminer district was later also known as the “Flemming District”.

The social position of the sex was also very respectable. Since 1281 they belonged to the upper class of the so-called “ Schlossgesessenen ”. From 1281 a Flemming held the office of marshal of the Duke of Pomerania-Stettin , and in the 14th century this office was conferred on the family as hereditary marshal's office for Western Pomerania and held until 1918. From the 14th century onwards, the family split into two main lines - the Martentine line and the Matzdorfer line. After 1402 there were disputes between the Flemming family and the Camminer cathedral chapter about the Gülzow castle , which had been pledged to the brothers Tam and Timmo , which worsened after the castle was redeemed by Duke Bogislaw VIII .

From 1700 some branches were raised to the hereditary imperial count and spread also in Saxony, Thuringia and Poland. All bearers of the name still alive today belong to the primogenous-counts branch of Flemming-Benz.

The military and political rise of the Flemming family began in 1672 with Field Marshal Heino Heinrich , initially from Saxony and then from Brandenburg , a famous conqueror of the Turks : He pulled his sons and nephews into Saxon and Brandenburg services, where their son Johann Georg and nephews Joachim Friedrich , Bogislaw Bodo and Jakob Heinrich rose to become generals, the latter as the most important of all even to field marshal general and ministerial director Augustus the Strong , whom he helped to the Polish crown. Jakob Heinrich in turn (his three sons and the four sons of his brothers all died young) pulled the sons of a cousin, Georg Detlev and Karl Georg Friedrich, into the Saxon-Polish service, where they also became generals and ministers. Georg Detlev's daughter Isabella , married to Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski , became an outstanding figure in Polish history in the 19th century as a Polish patriot in pursuit of freedom towards Russia, as an intellectual and art collector who founded the world-famous collection of the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow. Century.

Family possessions

From the Middle Ages until the expulsion and expropriation in 1945, the family owned a number of estates, some of them large, in the Flemming district south of Cammin in Hinterpommern , including Matzdorf , Basenthin, Paatzig, Boeck, Benz , Schnatow and Nemitz. The oldest possessions also included Marthentin , Hoff and Schwirsen , where Bogislaw Bodo von Flemming built the still existing mansion with the art-historically important dance hall from 1718. Iven in Western Pomerania came to the family in 1697.

Field Marshal Heino Heinrich von Flemming was enfeoffed in 1688 with the goods around Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) , which had previously belonged to the family of his wife Dorothea Elisabeth von Pfuel . Buckow Castle, built in 1663, which his wife had inherited from her father Georg Adam von Pfuhl in 1673 , remained in the possession of the von Flemming family until it was expropriated in 1945. In 1699 he bought the Hermsdorf manor in the Electorate of Saxony ; After a fire in 1729, his son Adam Friedrich (1687–1744) had the building restored by George Bähr in the Baroque style and laid out a Baroque garden with a canal; In 1756 the property from his estate was auctioned off.

The Minister Jacob Heinrich von Flemming acquired the Palais Flemming-Sulkowski in Dresden in 1714 and had it expanded; In 1724 he sold it to the king, but took it over again from 1726 to 1728. In 1715 he also built today's Elbe wing of the Japanese Palace in Dresden, which he sold to the king in 1717 and received back from 1722 to 1726. As a summer residence at the gates of Dresden, he had Übigau Castle built around 1725 . He also operated a lively trade in mansions, which he mostly acquired in foreclosures and resold at a profit. In 1702 he bought the Slawentzitz estate in Silesia, where he set up several iron and brass hammers, which were considered the most modern ironworks in Upper Silesia , until he exchanged them for the Burgscheidungen lordship in 1714 with parts of church divisions in Saxony, which he expanded to include Nebra in 1718 and in 1721 resold again, as well as 1719-22 Lichtenwalde . In 1724 he acquired Putzkau in Upper Lusatia as well as the Crossen Castle and the Posterstein Castle in Thuringia ; the latter two remained in the family as the only one of his acquisitions for many generations (until 1925 and 1833 respectively).

Elevations to the counts

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a silver jumping wolf with a red tongue and red claws in blue over a red comb wheel ; in other depictions the wolf holds the comb-wheel between its forelegs. The helmet has a plume with peacock feathers. The helmet cover is blue-silver.

Known family members

Count Heino Heinrich von Flemming (1632–1706), field marshal
Count Jacob Heinrich von Flemming (1667–1728), Field Marshal General and Governing Minister of Augustus the Strong

literature

Web links

Commons : Flemming  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The progenitor is a Peder Fleming, who is mentioned between 1366 and 1406 and who came to Sweden with Erik von Pomerania , King of Denmark and Sweden. See also: Swedish noble family Fleming (Swedish article)
  2. ↑ For more information see also: Scottish noble family Fleming (English article)
  3. ↑ Website Schlosshotel Matzdorf / Maciejewo ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.palacmaciejewo.pl
  4. ^ Website meeting center Schloss Boeck / Buk  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.palac-buk.pl  
  5. ↑ Description of the Schwirsen manor ( memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pomorskiezamki.pl
  6. ^ Rüdiger Bier: 1500 years of history and stories of the manorial seats for church and castle divisions . Self-published by Rittergut Kirchscheidungen 2009, pp. 313–315
  7. ↑ Cf. Julius Theodor Bagmihl , Pommersches Wappenbuch , Volume 4, Stettin 1854, panel XIII or XVII and XVIII
  8. ^ Eustachius von Flemming in the Dresden City Wiki