Posterstein Castle
| Posterstein Castle | ||
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 Posterstein Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | stone | |
| Creation time : | around 1191 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved, north wing torn down in 1951 | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Construction: | Truss | |
| Place: | Poster stone | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 51 '47 " N , 12 ° 15' 10" E | |
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Castle Posterstein even stone called, is a hilltop castle on a rocky outcrop on the right bank of sprat in Posterstein in Altenburger Land in Thuringia . The hilltop castle emerged from a small ministerial castle from the late 12th century that was built over in the Renaissance period .
History and layout
By the Roman-German King Konrad III. and Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa , the high medieval state expansion east of the Saale-Elbe line was pushed ahead in the second half of the 12th century. During this time, a large number of small lordships arose, which were occupied by ministerials . 1143 is in a document of King Conrad III. for the Benedictine Chemnitz , along with other pleißenländischen rule-makers, a Gerhardus de Nubudiz mentioned (Nöbdenitz) as a witness, which still appears several times in the following years in the documents. In 1191 he is mentioned in a document from the Bishop of Naumburg together with his mother Mechthild de Steinne (von Stein). The village of Nöbdenitz is about two kilometers from Posterstein. Due to the older research, a fortified mansion of the Ministerial Gerhard in the lowlands near Nöbdenitz was assumed due to this naming, which is said to have been given up later in favor of a newly built hill fort. According to recent archaeological and historical research, Posterstein Castle could also be the family's oldest seat.
From 1222 the ministerials only call themselves " de lapide " (von Stein). The still-preserved circular walls and the 12 meter high round donjon date from this time . A kennel was later placed in front of the curtain wall on the eastern side .
At the end of the 13th century , the governors of Weida succeeded in gaining feudal rule over Posterstein. When the Reuss parent company split in 1305 into Reuss older line ( Plauen ) and Reuss younger line ( Greiz ), Posterstein remained under the rule of the younger line. The Russians opposed the efforts of the Wettin Margraves of Meissen to expand their rule in the Pleißenland . In order to counter the pressure of the margraves, the bailiffs offered the rule of Posterstein to the king of Bohemia as a fief. Margrave Friedrich the Serious then complained to the emperor. The feudal rule was controversial until the 17th century . In the period after the Vogtland War (1354–1359), a large part of the Posterstein estates came under Meißner rule, while Posterstein itself remained Vögtisches (Reussian) fiefdom.
In 1442, Nickel Puster bought the Posterstein reign for 800 Schock Freiberg Münze (In the “Altenburgische Kirchengalerie” the “Puster zum Stein” family is mentioned as Lords of Posterstein as early as 1329, as Heinrich the Elder, Vogt of Plauen, the Posterstein reign from the Bohemian King received as a fief). The family expanded the rule through extensive clearing. Work began on the castle to make it a more homely complex. The eastern Zwinger was built over with a residential building. The castle, which was known only as "Stein" until the 16th century, owes its current name to the family.
In 1528 the Pflugk family bought the Posterstein estate. Under her rule, the medieval castle was extensively converted into a residential palace from the Renaissance. A visible sign of this construction phase is the Wendelstein from 1575. The curtain wall was removed up to the level of today's ground floor, the area in the core castle was filled and the new buildings were erected on this level.
Further renovations were carried out from 1684 to 1701. The upper floor was demolished and replaced by a half-timbered floor . The inner courtyard was vaulted and the baroque staircase was built. Furthermore, the facade was renewed with new windows, the stone bridge and the portal were built so that the castle corresponded to the contemporary baroque style. At the same time (1689) the neighboring castle church was decorated with a magnificent baroque carving. This work is attributed to Johannis Hopf, who allegedly was able to mitigate a criminal sentence with it. Little is known about his exact identity. The north wing was built between 1717 and 1724.
In 1724, Count Jacob Heinrich von Flemming , the leading minister of Augustus the Strong , acquired the property, which remained in the possession of the Counts of Flemming until 1833 . Although the Flemmings spent little time in Posterstein, as they lived at Crossen Castle , they made considerable investments. In 1833 the middle-class Herrmann family acquired the Posterstein manor, which they kept until 1945. Under her the use of the castle for residential purposes was given up. In 1850, after negotiations between farmers and manor owners, forced labor was replaced by cash benefits. At the end of the 19th century, Posterstein became an important seed breeding and model estate in the Thuringian region. In this context, major renovations were carried out again around 1880. The writer Rudolf Ditzen, known under the name of Hans Fallada , began an agricultural apprenticeship here in 1913. In 1937 renovation and security work took place again.
As part of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone , the 192 hectare Posterstein manor was also expropriated in 1946. Submissions by the last owner Herrmann and the residents were unsuccessful. The order to split up came within 24 hours. The Posterstein manor ceased to exist and 20 new farmer positions were created. The castle and mansion took in up to 300 refugees from the eastern regions after the end of the war. At the end of the 1940s, the large manor barn and the modern cow barn were torn down. Using the demolition material obtained, 20 new farms were built, 13 of them on the castle hill. The mansion later became a consumer school, and from 1956 to 1992 a children's home. The horse stable became a home.
In 1951 the intact north wing was torn down, also under the "extraction of building material". The attic and ground floor were removed, the basement was filled with its cross vault. The rest of the building received a new, very weather-sensitive gable wall. After 1980 the cross vault collapsed and the basement has been in ruins since then. In 1952 a museum was set up in the castle, but building damage forced it to close in 1977. It was not until 1984 to 1991 that the castle was comprehensively renovated. In 1999 the rubble was removed from the former basement and the remaining masonry was then secured.
The castle is freely accessible from the outside and can be visited. Exhibitions on the history of the region are shown in the baroque rooms. Here you can meet well-known personalities such as Thumbshirn , Seckendorff or Bernhard von Lindenau , but also farmers, lords of the castle and pioneers of industrialization .
The exposition on the history of the court of muses of Duchess Dorothea of Courland forms a special exhibition complex . This salon in the nearby Löbichau Castle, which was demolished in 2009, was one of the most interesting of its kind around 1800. In 2011, for the 250th birthday of the Duchess of Courland, the exhibition> “Her appearance is very engaging and she dresses with taste.” - The Duchess of Kurland in the mirror of their contemporaries. European salon culture around 1800 <opened. “The exhibition and the accompanying publication aim to show how women at the beginning of the 19th century succeeded in establishing social, political and cultural networks and using them to gain their own influence on the course of events. Using the example of Duchess Anna Dorothea von Kurland , the aspirations for emancipation and the opportunities for women to participate in social life beyond the legal barriers of the time should become clear. One focus is the role of the female sex in shaping national and international relationships during the Napoleonic period. "
A visit to the museum includes a visit to the castle dungeon and the ascent of the 25 meter high keep of the castle. From the platform of the tower there is a fantastic view of the Altenburger Land in any weather. There are also exhibitions that change several times a year in the museum's gallery.
The late Gothic castle church with the unique Baroque carving by Johannis Hopf from 1689 is definitely worth seeing .
owner
- 1191: Gerhardus de Nubudiz (von Nöbdenitz), his mother Mechthilde de Steinne and their descendants
- until around 1306: The knights Gerhard the Middle, called Gerhard von Löwenberg, Gerhard the Younger, Conrad Heidenreich, Eberherd von Stein (de Lapide)
- before 1442: Family Stöntztcz (Stöncz)
- 1442–1505: Puster brothers
- 1505–1528: Nickel from the end
- 1528–1718: Von Pflugk family
- 1718–1721: von dem Werder brothers
- 1721–1833: Imperial Count of Flemming
- 1833–1945 (1946): Herrmann family
- since 1952: Museum Burg Posterstein
More pictures
Posterstein Castle Church (2013)
Hereditary funeral of the Herrmann family (2013)
Ruins of the north wing of Posterstein Castle (2013)
literature
- Sabine and Klaus Hofmann: Posterstein Castle history and restoration . Museum Burg Posterstein 1998.
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 . P. 22. (some information on the history is incorrect here).
- Georg Dehio (greeting), Stephanie Eißing (editing): Thuringia ( Handbook of German Art Monuments ). German art publisher 1998
- Hans C. von der Gabelentz: The extinct noble families of the Osterland . In: Communications of the historical research society of the Osterland , born 1836–66, ISSN 0863-694X
- Klaus Hofmann (ed.): The Duchess of Courland in the mirror of her contemporaries. European salon culture around 1800. For the 250th birthday of the Duchess of Courland , Museum Burg Posterstein, 2011
- Sabine and Klaus Hofmann: Where I once resided, where I was the princess of the country ... Stations in the life of the Duchess of Courland , Museum Burg Posterstein, 2007
- Sabine and Klaus Hofmann: Between Metternich and Talleyrand. The court of muses of the Duchess of Courland in the Castle of Löbichau , Museum Burg Posterstein, 2004
- Museum Burg Posterstein (ed.): A guide through the Burg Posterstein .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See list of noble families named Stein .
- ^ Friedrich Ludwig Müller (Ed.): Curiosities from the monument landscape . Of earthly and heavenly creatures. tape 1 . Monuments publications, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-936942-69-2 , p. 24, 26 (96 pp.).
- ^ Museum Burg Posterstein