Löbichau
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ' N , 12 ° 16' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Altenburger Land | |
| Management Community : | Upper Sprottental | |
| Height : | 240 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 16.73 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 973 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 58 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 04626 | |
| Primaries : | 034496, 036602 (Beerwalde) | |
| License plate : | ABG, SLN | |
| Community key : | 16 0 77 026 | |
| LOCODE : | DE PRAISE | |
| Community structure: | Main town, 7 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Beerwalder Strasse 33 04626 Löbichau |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Rolf Hermann ( FDP ) | |
| Location of the community of Löbichau in the Altenburger Land district | ||
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Löbichau is a municipality in the Altenburger Land district in Thuringia . It belongs to the administrative community of Upper Sprottental .
geography
Geographical location
Löbichau is the westernmost municipality in the Altenburger Land district. The Großensteiner Sprat flows through the municipality . The municipal area is assigned to the edge of the Altenburg loess area according to the natural spatial structure of the state of Thuringia . The municipality lies at the transition to the Ronneburg arable and mining area . Most of the community area is used for agriculture. The next towns are Schmölln (4 km east) and Ronneburg (4 km southwest).
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities are the town of Schmölln and Posterstein in the Altenburger Land district, as well as Großenstein and the town of Ronneburg in the Greiz district .
Community structure
The community consists of the districts Löbichau, Beerwalde , Drosen , Falkenau , Großstechau , Ingramsdorf , Kleinstechau and Tannenfeld .
history
Local history
Löbichau was first mentioned in 1255 as "Luboch". The place belonged to the Wettin office of Altenburg , which was under the sovereignty of the following Ernestine duchies from the 16th century due to several divisions in the course of its existence : Duchy of Saxony (1554 to 1572), Duchy of Saxony-Weimar (1572 to 1603), Duchy of Saxony- Altenburg (1603 to 1672), Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1672 to 1826). When the Ernestine duchies were reorganized in 1826, the place came back to the duchy of Saxony-Altenburg. After the administrative reform in the duchy, Löbichau belonged to the Eastern District (until 1900) and to the Ronneburg District Office (from 1900). From 1918 the village belonged to the Free State of Saxony-Altenburg , which was added to the State of Thuringia in 1920. In 1922 it came to the district of Gera .
After the Second World War, the uranium ore mining of the SDAG Wismut developed in the region . During the second district reform in the GDR in 1952, the existing states were dissolved and the districts were redesigned. Thus, the community Löbichau came with the county Schmölln to the district of Leipzig , which since 1990 belonged to the district Schmölln to Thuringia and the Thuringian district reform in 1994 opened Altenburger in the district of the country. From February 1, 1992 to October 11, 1994, the community belonged to the administrative community Löbichau-Wildenbörten , which became part of the Oberes Sprottental administrative community on October 12, 1994 .
Löbichau Castle
A moated castle was built in the middle of the swampy terrain, which later became a manor and was first mentioned in the 13th century. Until 1360 the property belonged to the Lords of Swentz. In 1494 the lords of Ende and from 1619 the lords of Einsiedel were the owners. The von Hoym family bought the property in 1730.
In 1794 it was bought by the Duchess Dorothea von Kurland , who had a classicist castle built on the foundation walls of the castle from 1796 to 1798. An English landscape garden surrounded the castle and the smaller Tannenfeld Castle was built in the Baroque style in the neighborhood . Both palaces together formed the “Musenhof Löbichau” with visits from important political and cultural personalities. The Russian Tsar Alexander I visited the place in 1808 to thread a connection with the family of the French Foreign Minister, the Talleyrand-Périgord ; At his mediation, one of the four daughters of the Duchess Talleyrand's nephew married the following year. Guests were also the King of Prussia , Napoleon , Metternich , Goethe , Schiller , Gottfried and Theodor Körner . After the Duchess's death in 1821, the property fell to her daughter Johanna Katharina Princess Biron of Curland (1783–1876), married to Francesco Pignatelli, Duke of Acerenza. After her death in 1876 it fell to her niece Luise von Tümpling nee. von Boyen, daughter of General Leopold Hermann von Boyen and his wife Franziska geb. Princess Biron of Curland. In 1886, a Körner room was set up in the castle, in which the close relationships between the Duchess and the freedom poet Theodor Körner were documented.
Mrs. von Tümpling donated the castle in 1908 as Johanna-Luisen-Stift of the German Aristocratic Association , which ran a women 's monastery there and until 1930 also a housekeeping school. The school was affiliated with the Reifensteiner Verband since 1908. Freya von Moltke , b. Deichmann attended school for one year from April 1928.
After 1945, the Gera district opened a retirement home there, and from 1951 it was used as the administrative center of the Schmölln district.
The classicist main building, which was demolished in 2009, was replaced by a new building serving as a retirement and nursing home based on the historical appearance.
Incorporations
On October 1, 1922, Falkenau was incorporated. On April 1, 1937, Ingramsdorf was incorporated into Drosen. Further incorporations took place after the Second World War:
- on July 1, 1950 Großstechau and Kleinstechau (with Tannenfeld),
- on October 1, 1961 Drosen (with Ingramsdorf) and finally
- on January 1, 1974 Beerwalde.
Population development
Development of the population in the years 1933 to 1939. The figures relate to the territorial status of 1939:
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place
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1933
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1939
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Development of the population since 1994 (from 1994: as of December 31st) :
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- Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
politics
Municipal council
Since the local elections on May 25, 2014 , the local council has been composed as follows:
- CDU voter group: 1 seat (7.1%)
- Free group of voters : 11 seats (92.9%)
The turnout was 64.3% (−2.3% p).
mayor
Rolf Hermann ( FDP ) has been mayor since 1990 . He was last confirmed in office on June 5, 2016 with a majority of 98.9% unopposed and a turnout of 53.0% (-1.0% p).
coat of arms
Blazon : “Half-divided and split; above in red the golden flower of the sunflower, the stamens through a golden diamond lattice in black, in front below in black silver hammer and mallet and behind in gold a red, golden crowned, black armored lion. "
Culture and sights
The parts of the castle in Löbichau used by the municipal administration are in good structural condition, while the main building was demolished in 2009 in order to build a new home for the elderly. The vacant castle in Tannenfeld has not yet been reused.
An official accompanying program of the Altenburger Land district to the Federal Horticultural Show 2007 was the exhibition Resurrection Aurora (i.e. Resurrection Dawn) with the Löbichau winding tower of the former shaft 403 and a lime tree avenue for pedestrians and cyclists to the renovated Beerwalde dump , which can be walked up to the top of the mountain. On September 5, 2009, the large picture “The peaceful use of nuclear energy” by Werner Petzold , a work of Socialist Realism originally on the gable of a bismuth building in Paitzdorf , was inaugurated again between the heap and the tower. At 12 meters wide and almost 16 meters high, it is probably the largest free-standing picture in the world. The sculpture art park "Human Dimensions" was created directly under the winding tower.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The federal highway 7 runs through the southern municipal area and meets the federal highway 4 at Beerwalde at the junction "Ronneburg" .
In Beerwalde, the Beerwalde – Drosen line, operated by the Wismut-Werkbahn , branched off to Löbichau and Drosen from the Meuselwitz – Ronneburg line . Both railway lines are closed for passenger traffic. Only the section from the Kayna sand pit near Naundorf to Raitzhain is still used by freight today. The Gößnitz – Gera railway runs past the community in the south. The closest train station is in neighboring Nöbdenitz .
Mining
The presence of uranium ores in the Ronneburg region was already known at the end of the war in 1945. For the dismantling, the state stock corporation of the non-ferrous metal industry Wismut was founded in Moscow in 1947, with its headquarters in Aue . The company and uranium ore mining were under Soviet leadership from the start.
During the expansion of geological investigations by the SDAG Wismut, renamed on January 1, 1954, uranium ore deposits in Löbichau-Drosen were detected in 1975 . Wismut then began planning and building conveyor systems and the railway connection ( Beerwalde – Drosen railway line ) for the removal of the conveyed goods. It originated with the shaft 415 of the most modern mining towers in Europe and a multi-track freight yard, which was taken to start reducing in 1978 in operation. The uranium mining began in 1982 and was discontinued after the reunification of the 1990th After the end of the Soviet participation in 1991 according to the German-Soviet State Treaty, a Wismut GmbH was founded as a company of the Federal Republic, which was entrusted with the liquidation or shutdown of operational facilities and the renovation and recultivation. Through the influence of the citizens and their municipal representatives, it was possible to preserve the headframe of shaft 403 for the community of Löbichau as an industrial monument.
Personalities
Michael Ranft (1700–1774), vampirism researcher , worked as a pastor in Großstechau from 1749, where he died on April 18, 1774.
The Löbichau manor and Tannenfeld Castle had been owned by the Duchess Dorothea von Kurland since 1794 . Because of the frequent presence of European rulers of that time and German intellectual greats, the castle is known to this day as the court of muses of the Duchess of Courland .
literature
- Antje Gallert: Resurrection Aurora. Official project accompanying the 2007 Federal Horticultural Show in the Altenburger Land district. Published by the Altenburger Land District Office, Altenburg 2007.
- Kristin Jahn: Around the Drosen shaft. Telling contemporary witnesses. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007. ISBN 978-3-86680-117-2
- Rainer Bode: On site Ronneburg, Beerwalde, Drosen, Paitzdorf, Reust, Seeligstädt - About uranium mining near Ronneburg, Thuringia. Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 2nd edition 2007. ISBN 978-3-925094-41-5
- Klaus Hofmann (Ed.): Salongeschichten: Paris - Löbichau - Vienna. Guests in the salon of the Duchess of Courland in the portrait of the painter Ernst Welker . Museum Burg Posterstein, 2015, ISBN 978-3-86104-094-1 .
Web links
- Website of the community of Löbichau
- "Resurrection Aurora" - The revitalization of an area. Official accompanying project of the Federal Horticultural Show 2007
- "Mining company Drosen - uranium ore extraction and remediation" - The history of uranium ore extraction in the Drosen mining company
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ^ The Altenburg Office in the book "Geography for all Stands", from p. 201
- ^ The locations of the Altenburg district from p.83
- ↑ The eastern district of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in the municipal directory 1900
- ^ The district office of Ronneburg in the municipality register 1900
- ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia - 430 castles, castle ruins and castle sites. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 19
- ↑ Volker Klimpel: From the court of muses to the sanatorium. Tannenfeld Castle and Dr. Arthur Techlenburg (1870-1957). Thüringer Ärzteblatt 23 (2012), pp. 559-562
- ↑ Ortrud Wörner-Heil: Women's schools in the country - Reifensteiner Association (1897-1997). Series of publications by the Archives of the German Women's Movement, Volume 11, Archives of the Women's Movement, 1997
- ↑ http://www.reifensteiner-verband.de/Loebichau.pdf Economic women's school Löbichau in Thuringia
- ↑ Contribution to the archaeological investigations carried out in the course of the demolition , accessed on November 20, 2013
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. City and district of Altenburg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ 2014 municipal council elections , accessed on August 4, 2014.
- ^ Results of the mayoral election. Regional Returning Officer Thuringia, accessed on August 1, 2016 .
- ^ Website of the accompanying program
- ^ Wismut GmbH
- ^ Rehabilitation in uranium ore mining. Saxon Mining Authority, archived from the original on May 24, 2007 ; accessed on August 2, 2017 .
Altenburg | Dobitschen | Fockendorf | Gerstenberg | Goehren | Göllnitz | Göpfersdorf | Gößnitz | Haselbach | Heukewalde | Heyersdorf | Jonaswalde | Kriebitzsch | Langenleuba-Niederhain | Löbichau | Lödla | Lucka | Mehna | Meuselwitz | Monstrous | Nobitz | Ponitz | Poster stone | Rositz | Schmölln | Starkenberg | Thonhausen | Treben | Vollmershain | Windischleuba
Berry Forest | Drops | Falkenau | Großstechau | Ingramsdorf | Kleinstechau | Löbichau | Fir field