Greiz
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ' N , 12 ° 12' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Greiz | |
| Height : | 265 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 84.87 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 20,392 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 240 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 07973 | |
| Primaries : | 03661, 036621 | |
| License plate : | GRZ, ZR | |
| Community key : | 16 0 76 022 | |
| LOCODE : | DE GRI | |
| City structure: | 53 places in the city center and 10 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 12 07973 Greiz |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Alexander Schulze (independent, supported by CDU) | |
| Location of the district town of Greiz in the district of the same name |
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Greiz is a city in southeast Thuringia , right on the state border with Saxony . It is the district town of the district of Greiz and the middle center for the southern part of the district. The city is located in the valley of the White Elster in the Thuringian Vogtland . Because of its attractive location in a valley basin and its numerous historical buildings, it is nicknamed the “Pearl of the Vogtland”. Greiz was the royal seat of the Principality of Reuss older line , which existed as an independent federal state in the German Empire until 1918 and was ruled by the House of Reuss . From 1922 to 1950 Greiz was an independent city in the state of Thuringia.
geography
Geographical location
The center of Greiz lies in the narrow valley of the White Elster , below the mouth of the Göltzsch . The most important larger cities in the vicinity of Greiz are Gera , Zwickau and Plauen . Other nearby cities are Berga / Elster and Zeulenroda-Triebes and in Saxony the cities of Reichenbach in Vogtland , Netzschkau , Elsterberg and Werdau .
City structure
Greiz is territorially divided into the core city and 10 districts, each with a district constitution possess its own district mayor and Ortsteilrat.
The uninhabited forests directly to the west and north-west of the Greiz core city do not belong to any district, but form the independent forest district Heinrichsgrün within the city.
| District | Incorporation | Places, hamlets and settlements | First incorporation | District |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greiz (city center) | Old Town, New Town, Reißberg , Laagweg and copper hammer | Greiz | ||
| 1856 | Obertannendorf | |||
| Untertannendorf | ||||
| April 1, 1921 | Pohlitz with Herrenreuth | Pohlitz | ||
| Irchwitz with Aubachtal , St. Adelheid and Thalbach | Irchwitz | |||
| October 1, 1922 | Schönfeld | Schönfeld | ||
| Cossengrün / Hohndorf / Schönbach | December 31, 2012 | Cossen green | July 1, 1999 to Vogtland Oberland | Cossen green |
| Eubenberg with kettle mill | July 1, 1950 to Arnsgrün | Eubenberg | ||
| Gablau | July 1, 1950 to Leiningen | Gablau-Leiningen | ||
| Hohndorf with state border and Steinermühle | July 1, 1999 to Vogtland Oberland | Hohndorf | ||
| Leiningen | January 22, 1994 to Hohndorf | Gablau-Leiningen | ||
| Pansdorf | July 1, 1958 to Tremnitz | Pansdorf | ||
| Schönbach with Kölbelmühle | July 1, 1999 to Vogtland Oberland | Schönbach | ||
| Tremnitz | January 22, 1994 to Hohndorf | Tremnitz | ||
| Gommla | October 1, 1922 | Gommla with pomeranian | Gommla | |
| Kurtschau | October 1, 1922 | Kurtschau with Neukurtschau | Kurtschau | |
| Moschwitz | October 1, 1922 | Moschwitz with Lindenhäuser , Krellenhäuser , Mühlenhäuser and Neu-Moschwitz | Moschwitz | |
| Neumühle / Elster | December 31, 2019 | Neumühle, Bretmühle , Green Oak , Knottengrund , Krebsmühle , Lehnamühle , Neuhammer | January 1st, 1960 to Neumühle / Elster | Neumühle / Elster |
| Obergrochlitz / Caselwitz | October 1, 1922 | Obergrochlitz with Schleußengut | April 1, 1922 to Caselwitz-Grochlitz | Grochlitz |
| Caselwitz with Eichleite | April 1, 1922 to Caselwitz-Grochlitz | Caselwitz, Dölau | ||
| Raasdorf | October 1, 1922 | Raasdorf | Raasdorf | |
| Reinsdorf | June 30, 1994 | Reinsdorf | Reinsdorf | |
| Waltersdorf | July 1, 1950 to Reinsdorf | Waltersdorf b. Greiz | ||
| Sachswitz / Dölau / Rothenthal | October 1, 1922 | Dölau | Dölau | |
| Rothenthal | April 1, 1922 in Dölau | Rothenthal | ||
| Sachswitz | April 1, 1922 in Dölau | Sachswitz | ||
| Untergrochlitz | October 1, 1922 | Untergrochlitz | Grochlitz, Moschwitz |
If a place was never an independent municipality, it is listed in the column "Places, hamlets and settlements" next to the place to which it originally belonged.
Neighboring communities
The following municipalities border Greiz:
- In the district of Greiz: Zeulenroda-Triebes , Langenwetzendorf , Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf , Berga / Elster
- In the Vogtlandkreis ( Saxony ): Reichenbach in Vogtland , Netzschkau , Elsterberg , Pöhl , Plauen , Rosenbach / Vogtl.
| Langenwetzendorf | Berga / Elster | Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf |
| Zeulenroda shoot |
.svg)
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Reichenbach in Vogtland |
| Plauen , Pöhl , Rosenbach / Vogtl. | Elsterberg | Netzschkau |
history
Origin until 1800
The basin of the White Elster has been inhabited since the early Stone Age . On Celts and Germans followed from the 7th century Slavic inhabitants. Today's Greiz, formerly Grewcz , is probably of Slavic origin ( Slavic : gradec , "fortified place") and was first mentioned in 1209. When considering the origin of the name, the earlier Grouts spelling is assumed. Over the centuries the name changed.
In the year 1225 a castle complex and a predecessor of the town church St. Marien, built by the Weidaer bailiffs , are mentioned for the first time for Greiz . When the Vogtland was divided in 1237, the youngest of the three Weida bailiffs Heinrich V (born around 1209) received the area around Greiz-Werdau-Reichenbach. He moved his seat to Greiz Castle and called himself Vogt von Greiz. This was the first time that Greiz was the seat of a government. Already died childless in 1240, his property fell to Heinrich I von Plauen , the eldest son of his older brother, Heinrich IV von Gera. Greiz is first mentioned as a village in 1269 and two citizens of Greiz in 1302. After Vogt Heinrich I von Plauen, who survived his three sons, died in 1303, his two living grandchildren, Heinrich (III.) Von Seeberg, son of Heinrich (II.) Of Bohemia, and Heinrich II. Reuss of Plauen , son of Heinrich Ruthenus (des Ruszen or Reußen ) opened the jointly administered area in 1306. Heinrich Ruthenus became the founder of the younger line through his son Heinrich (II.) Reuss, the Reußen von Plauen zu Greiz , who received the rule of Greiz with Greiz as residence, Werdau, Reichenbach, Mylau, Ronneburg and Schmölln.
In the Vogtland War of 1354/55 under the feudal sovereignty of the Wettin margraves of Meißen, the margraves of Meißen settled a fraternal dispute between the Reussians in June 1359 in a "reconciliation and inheritance agreement" in which Greiz was first mentioned as a town. On May 23, 1449, Elector Friedrich II. The Meek of Saxony enfeoffed the two Russian brothers Heinrich IX. and Heinrich X. with the rule of Greiz in the two parts of the rear and front castle, named after the two main wings of the manorial seat on the Greizer Schlossberg. This certificate of division is important because all the villages belonging to it are listed and so many villages were first mentioned in a document.
In 1474 a schoolmaster is mentioned for the first time and in 1486 a Greiz municipal council is mentioned. The mayor, council and city seal are verifiable. In 1494, 51 houses were destroyed in a large city fire. The oldest existing city privilege, which dates to March 15, 1527, is a renewal of older, no longer existing Greiz city privileges by Heinrich XIII. On October 14, 1537 there was a new confirmation. From autumn 1533 the church visitation ordered by the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen began to introduce the Reformation, which was completed in spring 1534 at the latest. As a result of a lightning strike, the Upper Castle burned down in large parts on June 3, 1540.
After the defeat of the Protestants under the leadership of Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen in the Battle of Mühlberg on April 24, 1547, in which Heinrich XIV, the Elder Reuss took part, the three Russian brothers fell into the imperial ban and lost their Greiz property. They took up residence in Oberkranichfeld, which they were allowed to keep. At the same time, in accordance with the article of the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546, which referred to the Russian lands , the feudal sovereignty was transferred from the Electorate of Saxony to the Kingdom of Bohemia. With the solemn feudal letter over the Reussian and Gerish lordships, Heinrich IV of Plauen from the castle-counts line of the Plauen bailiffs was officially installed as sovereign of Greiz by the Bohemian King Ferdinand on January 21, 1549 . After Heinrich's death on May 19, 1554, his son Heinrich V von Plauen became sovereign in Greiz. After a long struggle, the efforts of the Russians to return their territories were successful. On March 14, 1562, the Reuss brothers received the Greiz area back as a new loan by an imperial arbitration.
In 1564 the reussian territories were divided up with serious consequences :
- Untergreiz with Heinrich XIV., The elder
- Upper stimulus with Heinrich XV., The middle one
- Gera with Heinrich XVI., The younger
In the same year, the construction of Heinrich XIV's residence began in the city, the second palace in Greiz, the later “Lower Palace”.
Like all Reussians, the older line, elevated to hereditary imperial count on August 26, 1673 under feudal sovereignty to the Bohemian crown, continued to divide and it was not until 1768 that the two remaining lines were united to form the county of Reuss older line , which became a principality in 1778 .
1800 until now
A major fire on April 6, 1802 almost completely destroyed Greiz. A total of about 430 buildings burned down, including 237 town houses, the rest outbuildings and barns. Many other buildings were demolished during the fire to stop the rapidly growing fire.
In the 19th century, the city also became an important industrial location, and in 1865 the city was connected to the railway network. The industrial companies in Greiz and the surrounding area grew steadily, primarily through the establishment of numerous larger wool and silk weaving mills specializing in high-quality costume, clothing and suit fabrics made of worsted and silk . As a result, Georg Schleber AG in Reichenbach, one of the leading Saxon textile finishing companies, relocated its production focus to Greiz in 1871 with the establishment of an important branch factory. (During the GDR era, VEB Greika was created through nationalization and merging of the textile companies .) This development also resulted in machine factories as supplier industries ( loom construction , especially jacquard looms ), but also chemical industry companies . Furthermore, the production of special papers and the processing of these papers by special printers experienced an upswing.
In 1902 there was another fire that destroyed some inner-city quarters around Thomasstrasse. During the reconstruction, representative Art Nouveau buildings were erected here , which form a closed ensemble.
The city has belonged to the Free State of Thuringia since 1920 and has been the district town of the Greiz district since then. In 1922 Greiz became an independent city, with numerous surrounding communities being incorporated. Since 1950 the city has been part of the Greiz district again.
During the time of National Socialism , opponents of the National Socialists were also persecuted in Greiz. Between 1934 and 1943, 809 people were forcibly sterilized in the Wichmannstrasse State Hospital . The municipal old people's home and the district nursing home released 122 sick people for " euthanasia ". During the Second World War , hundreds of prisoners of war as well as men and women from countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor in the Sorgwald near Thalbach and in other commercial enterprises . At least 102 of them were killed. She is remembered in the memorial complex of the old cemetery. The Wehrmacht - Officer Kurt von Westlife , the waived in April 1945 to blow up the bridges and thus to the defense of the city, reminiscent of the eponymous square where he by the Gestapo was shot.
Greiz was repeatedly targeted by US air raids from May 1944 to April 1945 . There were 25 fatalities and considerable damage to buildings.
Greiz was occupied by US troops in April 1945 , but handed over to the Red Army in early July 1945 . The city thus became part of the Soviet Zone and, from 1949, of the GDR .
At the end of 1945 and beginning of 1946, 15 young people (15 to 19 years old) were arrested in Greiz by the Soviet security service NKVD . You were accused of belonging to the " werewolf ". In March 1946, a Soviet military tribunal sentenced eleven of them to death; the four youngest were pardoned to 15 to 20 years in camp. The remaining four youths were sentenced to ten years in prison. The NKVD carried out the death sentences in the Metschwald near Triebes , where the bodies were also secretly buried. In 1994 rehabilitation by the Russian judiciary took place, and in 1997 a memorial stone was ceremoniously erected at the crime scene.
During the GDR era, after the state of Thuringia was dissolved in 1952, Greiz was the district town of the Greiz district in the Gera district . Greiz is known as the "capital of the Thuringian Vogtland ", which includes the cities of Gera , Weida , Zeulenroda-Triebes and Schleiz . Due to the first documentary mention in 1209, Greiz organized a festival year for its 800th anniversary in 2009. At the same time, Greiz had city rights for 650 years . From June 19 to 21, 2009, the 12th Thuringian Day took place under the motto Greiz hat Reiz , which attracted 210,000 visitors.
Since Greiz was hit very hard by the floods in 2013 , a two-kilometer-long canal is to be built around the Neustadt, which would protect the city center on both sides of the river.
Upper and lower lock
View over parts of the city
Pedestrian zone (Brückenstraße)
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politics
City council
In the local elections on May 26, 2019 , the CDU 12, the interest group for business and work e. V. 5, Die Linke , SPD and AfD each have 4 and the FDP 1 seat in the Greizer city council. Before that, the NPD was represented with 2 seats.
With the incorporation of Neumühle / Elster , a member of the local district council was delegated to the Greizer city council. This joined the CDU parliamentary group in February 2020, so that it is now represented with 13 seats.
mayor
The first mayor of the city after the liberation from National Socialism was from 1945 to 1950 the communist resistance fighter Walter Kopp, who came to Greiz in June 1945 after eight years in prison and punishment battalion . His most important merit was the initiation of a theater ensemble and the rebuilding of the Greiz orchestra. The foundation of the “Greizer Music Weeks” can also be traced back to his work.
From 1948 to 1953 Fritz Kunst was Lord Mayor of Greiz.
In the 2006 mayoral election, no candidate received an absolute majority in the first ballot. When the runoff election was due, the previous 1st alderman Gerd Grüner (SPD) prevailed against city councilor Gunda Lämmer (CDU) with 54.7% of the votes.
In the local elections on April 22, 2012, there was an agreement between the CDU and the SPD. For the election of the district administrator, the SPD of the district of Greiz did not submit a candidate, while the CDU local association did not submit a candidate for the mayoral election in the district town of Greiz. Against his competitors from the Interest Group for Economy and Labor (IWA) and Die Linke , the incumbent received an absolute majority this time in the first ballot with 57.2% of the votes. The voter turnout of those eligible to vote was 49.3%. The election challenge by the defeated IWA candidate Detlef Zietan was rejected.
In the mayoral election on April 15, 2018, Alexander Schulze received an absolute majority of 57.1% (5644 votes) in the first ballot. 17,892 persons entitled to vote were allowed to vote and the turnout was 55.8% (9982).
coat of arms
Blazon : “In silver, a building surrounded by a single-gate battlement wall in brown brick with a tower in front of it on the left and a tower on the right, brown masonry, red roofs and golden spiers and spiers; between the towers hovers a black shield with a golden lion soaring to the right with a red crown, claws and split tail (Reussian lion). ”The coat of arms first appeared in 1707 on a city seal. In GDR times, from 1951 onwards, instead of the Reussian lion, a blue sign with a diagonally crossed golden shuttle and a golden hammer was displayed to symbolize the local industry.
Town twinning
- Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (Germany)
- Rosenheim (Germany)
- Saint-Quentin (France)
- Rokycany (German Rokitzan) (Czech Republic)
Culture and sights
Theater, music and museums
As a former royal seat, Greiz has several museums and an extensive library. The city's theater, built in 1899, was closed in 2010 and partially burned down in 2011 after an arson attack. Since then, theater performances have taken place alongside other events in the Vogtlandhalle , which opened in 2011 . During the GDR era, life in the city was enriched by a pioneer choir called Paul Dessaus . The composer dedicated his song “To a young artist” to the choir. The Greiz Fanfarenzug, founded in 1964, has earned a great reputation beyond the borders of Thuringia.
The summer palace , which was built between 1779 and 1789 and was built in the early classical style, is located in Greizer Park . Maison de belle retraite , house of pleasant seclusion, is what the builder called Prince Heinrich XI. (1722–1800) his summer residence in a gable inscription. The palace was recently extensively restored according to historical findings and can be visited.
Since 1922 it has housed the Greiz State Collection of Books and Engravings , the Reuss Foundation of the Older Line and the Satiricum . This princely book collection includes holdings of Count Heinrich XI. zu Obergreiz (1722–1800) from around 1747. The library has an extensive collection of theological, historical and scientific works, encyclopedias and travelogues. Illustrated books, publications on architecture and garden art, but also collections of works from the French Enlightenment are part of the library. In the late 18th century, writings were added to the French Revolution . Today the holdings of the State Collection of Books and Engravings include around 40,000 copies from the 16th to the 21st century.
Buildings
The city center is divided into two parts: to the east of the Elster, between Schlossberg and the slopes of the Elster, lies the small old town and to the west of the Elster is the new town with the representative Carolinenstraße as the main street. The latter was built in the late 19th century and is a closed Wilhelminian style ensemble. The Schlossberg with the Upper Castle is characteristic of the city . It is essentially medieval, but had to be rebuilt after a fire in 1540 (in the Renaissance style ) and was further expanded in the 18th century.
A well-known photo motif arises from the train station; A tunnel for the railway line to Gera was dug through the Schlossberg . A significant part of the Thuringian State Archives was located in the Upper Castle. After the archive has moved to the site of the former VEB Herdas below the Schlossberg, the former archive rooms on the Upper Castle will be restored. The lower castle is more recent, it was built in the 16th century and after the fire of 1802 it was rebuilt in the classicist style in the years that followed until 1809 . The Lower Castle now houses the museums of the castle and residence city of Greiz, the music school and the Greiz Tourist Information Office.
The Protestant town church of St. Marien was first mentioned in a document in 1225. After the city fire of 1802, which also destroyed one of the larger Silbermann organs, it was rebuilt in the classical style. The architect was Christian Friedrich Schuricht , who built the church and the lower palace directly next to one another. The tower is not on the west facade, but on the east facade above the choir. It was not until 1881, after an interim organ had been used for decades, that Urban Kreutzbach from Borna installed a suitable organ , which was rebuilt and expanded in 1919 by the Jehmlich company from Dresden, making it the largest church organ in East Thuringia. The classical interior of the church has largely been preserved to this day. Under the church is the walled up tomb of the princes and counts of Reuss older line.
Next to the Lower Castle and the town church is the Hauptwache , a classicist building that is used today for weddings. Next to the main guard is the tube fountain from 1820. The classicist city silhouette on the banks of the Elster is completed by the lyceum east of the Lower Castle. It was built in 1875 and is a three-story, three-wing complex. The justice building was built as a baroque structure in a simplified design language in the years 1910–1912 according to plans by the architect Alois Holtmeyer . In Greiz there are a large number of residential buildings in the historicist style and in the Art Nouveau style . The latter can be found in particular on Thomasstrasse, Burgstrasse, Marktstrasse, Waldstrasse and Leonhardtstrasse. At Prof.-Dr.-Friedrich-Schneider-Straße 4 there is a particularly early example of Art Deco architecture (built in 1911).
The stairway to the sky leads to Pohlitz.
Parks
The Greizer Park , in GDR times in " Lenin renamed park", one of the most beautiful landscape parks in Thuringia. It was built as a kitchen garden around 1650 and was later redesigned several times. Greizer Park was given its current form in the years 1873 to 1876. As with other court parks of this time, it is laid out in the English style . The summer palace and the kitchen house are located in this park . In 1978 the memorial sculpture “Liberation” by the artist Jürgen Raue was erected at the entrance to the park . In preparation for the BUGA held in the Greiz district , the sculpture was moved to the Old Cemetery in 2006.
There are still:
- the Stadtpark, a park area near the Greizer Hospital
- the park around the deer pond, on the outskirts in the direction of Mohlsdorf
- the Goethepark near the train station
Greiz is therefore also known as the park and palace town.
Sports
The sporting flagship of the city is the RSV Rotation Greiz ( wrestling ). The club, which was founded in 1931, was promoted to the 1st Wrestling League in 2000 and in 2002 achieved the greatest success in the club's history by reaching the playoff semi-finals for the German championship. After withdrawing into the third division for financial reasons, the club has been back in the 2nd Bundesliga since autumn 2006. Other larger clubs are 1. FC Greiz ( soccer ), which is currently playing in the regional class East, VfB Greiz ( table tennis and badminton ), 1. SSV Greiz ( basketball ), diving club TC Chemie Greiz and 1. Swimming club Greiz. Greiz is also on the Elster cycle path . The sport of chess also has a long tradition in Greiz and produced, among others, the international grandmaster Lutz Espig .
Regular events
In the summer palace there are numerous exhibitions and concerts in the garden hall of the summer palace . Based on a collection of over 10,000 GDR caricatures, caricature biennials have been held in the Sommerpalais since 1975 ; they have been held as a triennial since 1994 and are unique in their form in the German-speaking area.
The annual events also include:
- May: Greizer Jazzwerk - International Jazz Festival; Medieval spectacle on the Upper Castle
- June: Park and Castle Festival
- August: Pappe Open Air - Alte Papierfabrik Greiz e. V., culture and museum night
- September: Greizer autumn theater , ecumenical street festival, brewery festival
- October: Greizer meeting; Greizer Neustadtfest; Music and Bible days in the city church
- November: Greizer Herbstlauf; Big autumn market on the day of penance and prayer
- December: Greiz Christmas market in the castle garden; Winter magic in the summer palace; Prince Christmas in Greiz in the Lower Castle; New Year's Eve concert by the Vogtland Philharmonie Greiz Reichenbach and in the town church
Economy and Infrastructure
Public facilities
The city is the seat of the Greiz District Court , which belongs to the district of the Gera Regional Court .
Rail transport
In 1865, a railway line from Greiz-Aubachtal to Brunn in Saxony was opened, creating the first train station in the Greiz urban area. The railway line was extended to Greiz station on the Elstertalbahn in 1879 , which involved complex engineering structures such as the Hainberg tunnel and a bridge over the White Elster . The entire line was shut down in 1999 after there had been no more scheduled passenger traffic since June 1, 1997.
The Elstertal Railway from Gera via Greiz and Plauen to Weischlitz was opened in 1875. A challenge during construction was the tunneling under the Greizer Schlossberg. The three still existing Greiz train stations south of the center are on this railway line, in Neumühle / Elster and in Greiz-Dölau . Today the Vogtlandbahn and the DB Regio Südost operate on this route , which run every hour to Gera with a two-hour connection to Erfurt and a two-hour cycle in the direction of Plauen. The station building in Greiz is currently closed and is used for cultural purposes. The Nouryon Group's chemical plant in Greiz-Dölau is the only remaining company in Greiz that has a rail connection.
Long-distance traffic on the nearby Saxony-Franconia main line was discontinued in 2006. The route from Leipzig to Hof became famous for the Göltzschtalbrücke , the world's largest brick bridge , and its "smaller sister", the Elstertalbrücke near Jocketa . The Göltzschtalbrücke is located in the immediate vicinity of the state border in Netzschkau in Saxony and is visible from the Reinsdorf district of Greiz.
Road traffic
In Greiz the federal highway 92 from Gera to the Czech border at Bad Brambach and the federal highway 94 from Schleiz to Rodewisch cross . There are also state roads in the direction of Zwickau , to Mylau with crossing under the Göltzschtalbrücke and to Neumühle . The nearest motorway junction is 14 kilometers away on the A 72 near Reichenbach in Vogtland . The Lederhose junction on the A 9 is 34 kilometers away and is used by traffic to the north and east.
The Greiz city transport , which has existed since 1925, is today served by the " Personen- und Reiseverkehrs GmbH Greiz " on seven lines. A trolleybus line was also in operation from 1945 to 1969 .
Bicycle traffic
In the cycle route network , Greiz is on the Euregio Egrensis cycle path and the Elster cycle path . An extension of the Göltzschtal cycle path, which currently ends at the Göltzschtal bridge , to the confluence in Greiz is being planned.
Inner-city cycling plays a subordinate role due to the topographical location of the city in the valley basin. Even between the nearby parts of the city and the center, there is mostly an altitude difference of over 100 meters. Cycle paths that are structurally separated from the road exist only for a few hundred meters along the B 94 in the city center. In the city's noise action plan, protection strips on both sides are recommended as a continuation of these cycle paths on the federal highway .
Numerous one-way streets in the city center are open for bicycle traffic in both directions.
Established businesses
Greiz developed in the 2nd half of the 19th century into an important industrial location with weaving mills (e.g. Arnold), textile finishing ( Georg Schleber AG ), paper production (Günther), the chemical industry in Greiz-Dölau ( today Nouryon) and mechanical engineering. Greiz also retained this status in the GDR and expanded it in part. Due to the lack of environmental legislation in earlier times and the lax handling in the GDR as well as the valley location of the city, the air quality was very poor in the past. This improved after reunification mainly due to factory closures and less due to new environmental standards.
education
In the city center of Greiz there are two state primary schools, the Lessing and the Goetheschule , and in the wider city area the primary schools in Irchwitz and Pohlitz . The secondary educational institutions are the state regular schools “Gotthold Ephraim Lessing” and Greiz-Pohlitz, the Ulf-Merbold-Gymnasium and the state vocational training center “Ernst Arnold”. The general higher education entrance qualification is also awarded in the state-recognized community school "Freie Schule Elstertal" since 2016. Greiz has three special needs schools with the “Carolinenschule” promotion center with special focus on intellectual development and around 200 pupils, the Friedrich Fröbel State Promotion Center and the Goethe School.
Other educational institutions are the district adult education center, the district music school "Bernhard Stavenhagen", a private educational institution and a private educational institute.
health care
The Greiz District Hospital is a standard care provider with 296 beds. The district is the sole shareholder. A hospital in Greiz was first mentioned in 1744. In 1893 the first hospital building was built on the Reißberg. In 2003 the current functional building was handed over, in 2006 a new ward block.
Religions
In Greiz there are parishes of the following denominations :
- Evangelical Church in Central Germany
- Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church
- Regional church community
- Evangelical Free Church Congregation / Baptists
- Methodist Church
- Roman Catholic Church
- Apostolic Community
- New Apostolic Church
- Adventist Church
- Jehovah's Witnesses
Population development
Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :
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1800 to 1950 |
1960 to 1999
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2000 to 2009
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2010 to 2019
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Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Personalities
literature
in order of appearance
- Berthold Schmidt : The Russians. Genealogy of the entire Reuss family older and younger line, as well as the extinct Vogtslinien zu Weida, Gera and Plauen and the Burgraves of Meißen from the House of Plauen . Weber, Schleiz 1903.
- Alfred Thoß : The history of the city of Greiz from the beginning to the end of the 17th century with special consideration of legal, constitutional and economic development (= contributions to medieval and modern history , edited by Friedrich Schneider , Vol. 3). Fischer, Jena 1933, reprint: Verlag Weißer Stein, Greiz 1991, ISBN 3-928681-01-X .
- Franz Leber: Greiz story in words and pictures. From the oldest times to the present . Greiz 1935.
- Franz Hauschild (Red.): The beautiful and the creative Greiz. A city book in pictures and words on the occasion of the 750th anniversary (600 years of the city) . City Council, Greiz 1959.
- Dietfried Köhler: The historical-geographical development of the industry of the Greiz district with special consideration of the development of the city of Greiz , 3 volumes. Diss., Potsdam 1969.
- Werner Becker (Red.): 50 years of the Greiz State Book and Copper Engraving Collection . 2 volumes. Greiz 1970.
- Hubertus Blase (ed.): The image of the city of Greiz yesterday and today . Staatliche Museen Greiz, Greiz, 4th, revised edition 1988.
- Sven Michael Klein, Edith Voss: Greiz (= Thuringian cities , vol. 13). Perthes, Gotha 1994, ISBN 3-623-00974-1 .
- Werner Querfeld : Greiz - history of a city . Mediatect, Greiz 1995.
- Elector Moritz and the Renaissance (= Dresdner Hefte, Contributions to Cultural History, Vol. 52), Dresden 1997.
- The northern Vogtland around Greiz (= values of the German homeland . Volume 68). 1st edition. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09003-6 .
- Volkmar Schneider (Red.): 800 years of Greiz. City of Greiz in Vogtland, 1209–2009. Festschrift of the city of Greiz on the return of the 800-year first mention and the 650-year naming as a city . City of Greiz, Greiz 2008.
- Volkmar Schneider, Karsten Schaarschmidt: Greizer viewpoints. Greiz 800 years, 1209–2009 . Buchhandlung Buchwurm, Greiz 2009.
- Hannelore Kuna, Edwin Kuna: Historical city lexicon of Greiz . Haff Verlag, Grambin 2013, ISBN 978-3-942916-84-4 .
- Werner Greiling , Hagen Rüster: Reuss older line in the 19th century. The stubborn principality? (= Publications from Thuringian State Archives , Volume 12). Verlag Vopelius, Jena 2013, ISBN 978-3-939718-55-0 .
- Rudolf König: Greiz - city of the early days . Vol. 1: Public buildings and workplaces . Buchverlag König, Greiz 2018, ISBN 978-3-943210-28-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ^ Matthias Werner: The first mention of Greiz in 1209: "pars nemoris prope Graitz". The beginnings of Greiz and the oldest history of the Weida bailiffs . Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen, Frankfurt am Main 2009.
- ↑ Heimatbote Greiz 1985, No. 8, p. 148
- ^ Heimatbote Greiz 1986, volume 3, p. 50
- ↑ Greizer Heimatkalender 2002, p. 18
- ↑ Heimatbote Greiz 1984, issue 2, p. 28
- ↑ Friedrich Schneider: Selected documents on the general history of the Reußenland (= publications of the Thuringian State Archive Greiz , vol. 2). Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1924.
- ↑ a b Werner Querfeld: Greiz - history of a city . Mediatect, Greiz 1995.
- ↑ Greizer Heimatkalender 1959, p. 14
- ↑ a b Alfred Pasold: History of Reuss country divisions of the mid-16th century until the introduction of primogeniture in 1690 . Wagner, Neustadt / Orla 1934, p. 52.
- ↑ Berthold Schmidt: Burgrave Heinrich IV of Meißen, Colonel Chancellor of the Crown of Bohemia and his government in the Vogtland . Gera 1888, p. 232.
- ↑ Hubertus Blase: The Lower Castle in Greiz and its cultural treasures . Kreisheimatmuseum, Greiz, 2nd, expanded edition 1985.
- ↑ Ulrich Jugel: The great Greizer city fire of April 6, 1802. In: Yearbook , 10th year, Plauen 1993, pp. 39–42.
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. (= Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser , Volume 8.) Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 111 ff.
- ^ Renate Elbel: The last days of the war. Aircraft alert in Greiz . In: Greizer Heimatkalender , vol. 2015, pp. 161–163.
- ^ Günter Sagan: East Thuringia in the bombing war 1939-1945 . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-636-7 , p. 184.
- ^ Anne Kaminsky (ed.): Places of remembrance. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86153-443-3 , p. 494.
- ↑ FOCUS Online: New flood canal should better protect Greiz from floods . In: FOCUS Online . ( focus.de [accessed on July 20, 2017]).
- ↑ a b Thuringian State Office for Statistics: City Council Election 2019 in Thuringia - Greiz , accessed on June 12, 2019.
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: 2014 municipal council elections in Thuringia - Greiz , accessed on June 12, 2019.
- ↑ CDU parliamentary group in Greiz city council is growing. Ostthüringer Zeitung, February 6, 2020, accessed on February 5, 2020 .
- ^ Homeland GDR. Adventures. Considerations. Findings. Documents, including Michael Gölles: Lieber Tausend Teropfen sweat than a drop of blood , Ed. Horst Jäkel, GNN-Verlag Schkeuditz 2015, p. 61, ISBN 978-3-89819-416-7
- ↑ FOCUS Online: Election challenges in the Unstrut-Hainich district and Greiz unsuccessful . In: FOCUS Online . ( focus.de [accessed on July 20, 2017]).
- ↑ Mayoral election 2018 in Thuringia. Retrieved June 12, 2018 .
- ^ Manfred Bensing , Karlheinz Blaschke , Karl Czok , Gerhard Kehrer, Heinz Machatscheck: Lexicon cities and coats of arms of the GDR . Ed .: Heinz Göschel. 2. rework. and exp. Edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig July 1984, p. 167-168 .
- ↑ Fire in the Greizer Theater caused by children on fire ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (In: LocalXXL from August 9, 2011)
- ^ New songs sounding, Berlin 1983, p. 14
- ^ Stefan Michel: The historical and theological environment of the Greiz church building from 1803 to 1805. At the same time a contribution to the history of the theological enlightenment in Greiz . In: Andreas Hummel, Volker Schimpff, Hans-Jürgen Beier (eds.): From churches and castles. Commemorative letter for Günter Hummel . Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2016, ISBN 978-3-95741-049-8 , pp. 365-372.
- ↑ Ilse von Holbek: The park of Greiz . In: The Thuringian Flag . tape 8 . Verlag Gustav Neuenhahn, Jena 1939, p. 397-406 .
- ↑ Heimat GDR, op. Place, p. 62
- ↑ Noise Action Plan Greiz, update 2019. (PDF) November 18, 2019, accessed on January 23, 2020 .
- ↑ https://www.hospital-greiz.de/ueber-uns.html , accessed on February 12, 2019.
Auma-Weidatal | Bad Köstritz | Berga / Elster | Bethenhausen | Bocka | Brahmenau | Braunichswalde | Caaschwitz | Crimla | End contactor | Gurgling | Greiz | Grossenstein | Harth-Pöllnitz | Hartmannsdorf | Hilbersdorf | Hirschfeld | Hohenleuben | Dog heads | Crouch | Basket feet | Power Village | Kühdorf | Langenwetzendorf | Langenwolschendorf | Lederhose | Linda b. Weida | Linden Cross | Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf | Münchenbernsdorf | Paitzdorf | Pölzig | Reichstädt | Ronneburg | Rückersdorf | Saara | Schwaara | Schwarzbach | Seelingstädt | Teichwitz | Weida | Weißendorf | Wish village / Elster | Zedlitz | Zeulenroda shoot
Districts of Greiz: city center | Cossengrün / Hohndorf / Schönbach | Gommla | Kurtschau | Moschwitz | Neumühle / Elster | Obergrochlitz / Caselwitz | Raasdorf | Reinsdorf | Sachswitz / Dölau / Rothenthal | Untergrochlitz
Downtown locations:
Old Town and New Town |
Aubachtal |
Herrenreuth |
Irchwitz |
Copper hammer |
Laagweg |
Obertannendorf |
Pohlitz |
Reissberg |
Schönfeld |
St. Adelheid |
Thalbach |
Untertannendorf
Places of Cossengrün / Hohndorf / Schönbach:
Cossengrün |
Eubenberg |
Gablau |
Hohndorf |
Kettle Mill |
Kölbelmühle |
National border |
Leiningen |
Pansdorf |
Schönbach |
Steinermühle |
Tremnitz
places of Gommla:
Gommla |
Pommeranz
places of Kurtschau:
Kurtschau |
Neukurtschau
Places of Moschwitz:
Moschwitz |
Krellenhäuser |
Linden houses |
Mill houses |
Neu ‑ Moschwitz
Places of Neumühle / Elster:
Neumühle |
Board mill |
Green oak |
Knot base |
Crab Mill |
Lehnamühle |
Neuhammer
places of Obergrochlitz / Caselwitz:
Caselwitz |
Calibration guide |
Obergrochlitz |
Schleußengut
places of Reinsdorf:
Reinsdorf |
Waltersdorf
Places of Sachswitz / Dölau / Rothenthal:
Dölau |
Rothenthal |
Sachswitz