Special paper
Special papers are all types of paper that cannot be classified in the three categories of graphic papers (printing and writing papers ), packaging papers and cardboard, and hygiene papers . In addition to these three main groups, specialty papers form the fourth main group of paper types.
There are almost 3000 types of specialty papers. To this diverse and heterogeneous group of papers are about banknote papers , decorative papers for furniture, Elektroisolierpapiere , label papers , filter papers , photo papers , inkjet papers, tea bag papers and cigarette papers . The special applications of these papers usually require very high product quality and quality consistency and production technologies that are tailored to the individual case.
Within the group of specialty papers, technical papers can be distinguished, which include electrical insulating papers . The group of special papers is also referred to as “technical papers and special papers” and described as “papers for technical and special applications”. The list of “technical papers and special papers” puts special papers next to technical papers. In a broader sense, the simple term “specialty papers” also includes technical papers.
Examples
Decor papers
Decorative papers are special papers for the surface finishing of wood-based materials. In the area of specialty papers, decor papers are among the papers with the highest growth rates due to their constantly growing applications. Due to the high visual demands, the highest demands are placed on the decor paper. For optimal printability, the paper requires particularly good formation, smoothness and dimensional stability. The synthetic resin impregnation required during processing requires uniform penetration of the resin into the paper. Sufficient strength of the paper web is a prerequisite for successful processing.
The production of decor papers accordingly requires very specific technological know-how. In terms of manufacturing technologies, solutions are required that guarantee the special properties of the end product. Grinding and deflaking are decisive in the production of decor paper. The demands on the calendering process are constantly increasing due to ever higher specifications for the smoothing values to improve printability.
Thermal paper
Thermal paper (also: thermal printing paper) is the collective term for papers that can be thermally printed . The papers are printed using a non-contact printing process. The structure of thermal paper depends on the application. In principle, wood-free base paper is given a primer or base coat online. The thermo-reactive substances are applied with a thermal coating in an offline coating machine. The special requirements placed on the base paper are good formation and evenness across the width for perfect coating absorption.
Photo base paper
Photo base paper is the carrier material for an exposed image, which is created on light-sensitive layers using the photochemical process. Photographers have high optical demands on the quality of a photo. In addition, the images must be easy to develop in the laboratory. This results in various requirements for the paper and, derived from them, for the production technologies. The desired "frosted glass character" and the prevention of color differences and sheet disturbances on the paper are achieved through uniform formation, prevention of markings and high compression in conjunction with a very smooth surface of the paper.
Papers for cigarettes
In the manufacture of cigarettes , a consistently high paper quality is important because of the direct influence on taste. Basically, three different types of paper are used:
Wrapping papers for tobacco
The white wrapping paper for tobacco is called cigarette paper . In the case of cigarette paper, special requirements are placed on the porosity, the odor and taste neutrality, the strength and especially the smoldering ability.
Filter wrapping papers
The fibrous material of the cigarette filter is wrapped in a stabilizing filter wrapping paper. Special requirements are placed on filter wrapping papers with regard to air permeability. The strength of a cigarette is essentially set with the filter wrapping paper.
Mouthpiece papers
The mouthpiece paper (more precisely: mouthpiece covering paper) is usually light brown or designed as an imitation cork. The tipping paper encloses the filter together with the filter wrapping paper; the white tobacco wrapping paper is also covered over a few millimeters by the tipping paper. Special requirements are placed on tipping papers with regard to printability, because highly complicated designs are printed on depending on the type of cigarette. Multi-color and extremely fine line printing require a high dimensional stability of the paper. In order to ensure trouble-free cigarette production, good bonding properties are also important when bonding to the wrapping papers. To control the air permeability and thus to dimension the secondary flow, the tipping paper is finely perforated with the help of laser beams. Therefore, the laser perforation capability is an important criterion, especially for light and ultralight cigarettes.
Manufacturer
The world's largest manufacturers of specialty papers are UPM-Kymmene and Stora Enso . Other competitors are Catalyst Paper , Sappi , RFP and Norske Skog .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Blechschmidt (Ed.): Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig in Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd, updated edition 2013, pp. 37–39.
- ↑ Voith Paper (Ed.): Special edition special papers of the paper technology magazine twogether , 2008, p. 7. According to this publication, around 2900 types of specialty paper were counted in 2008.
- ↑ Jürgen Blechschmidt (Ed.): Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig in Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd, updated edition 2013, p. 38 f. and 304.
- ↑ Cf. Voith Paper (Ed.): Special edition special papers of the paper technology magazine twogether , 2008, p. 7. Here the special papers are divided into nine segments according to application areas and market area: Label papers and release papers; Decorative paper and overlay; Wet fleece and filter papers; Photo base paper and digital imaging paper; Carbonless paper; Thermal paper; Securities; Papers for cigarettes; Thin printing papers and papers smooth on one side.
- ^ Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken (VDP): data on the paper industry , see under "3,000 types of paper". Retrieved November 14, 2018.
- ↑ See Jürgen Blechschmidt (Hrsg.): Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd, updated edition 2013. On p. 37 the group is initially called “Technical Papers and Special Papers”, correspondingly on p. 38 Comma: "Technical papers, special papers". But immediately afterwards: “the group of special papers” and on p. 304 several times simply “special papers”. The same thing is meant in each case: the whole group including the technical papers.
- ↑ See mouthpiece covering paper in the title of the DIN ISO 2965 standard beuth.de
- ↑ Presentation Resolute Forest Products , November 30, 2017, p. 25