Rittergut Kirchscheidungen
Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′ 39.3 " N , 11 ° 39 ′ 15.5" E
The Kirchscheidungen manor is located in the Kirchscheidungen district of the municipality of Laucha an der Unstrut in the Burgenland district in Saxony-Anhalt .
Lower castle
The lower castle was a Saxon man fief and was also called Kempnater . It was owned by the Knutons and must have been an interesting monument. An old picture of the castle library of Burgscheidungen , which was expropriated and transported away in 1945, shows : “ a picturesque ruin , close to the Unstrut , a round keep with the adjoining wall of the chapel and a corner tower , then (right) connected to it via a stone bridge, a massive, spacious, but thatched-roof house with a round arched gate (which was both a residential and a farm building) along the river along a flank fence. “The picture is kept so“ picturesque ”that the details cannot be determined.
Arthur Rockhausen had a similar oil painting painted in 1947 based on reports from the 1909 “Descriptive Representation of the Older Architectural and Art Monuments of the Province of Saxony, District of Querfurt”. However, the artist only had the above-mentioned painting, the text and perhaps the manor house as a model and designed his picture a little more, so that the picture hardly corresponds to the facts. The painting is owned by Wolff-Christoph Rockhausen from Waldheim .
If the depicted keep in connection with the chapel and corner tower represents parts of the original castle complex, then the large thatched house with arched gate connected by the stone bridge, i.e. the "Lower Castle", would have to have been built later (after 1250), so that the residence of the feudal lords of church divisions with the entire appendix and utility and servant rooms could find space in it. In 1424 the von Rockhausen family lived there. The lower castle formed the basis of the later large manor, consisting of upper, middle and lower courtyards, parts of which are still present today, while the castle complex and the lower castle have disappeared.
Central courtyard
In the opinion of local people, the Mittelhof should have been roughly where the buildings inhabited by Schmidts and Gottschalks are today. The door arch to the current Gottschalk homestead (today Lindenstrasse 28) bore the annual inscription 1583. Torn down due to construction work, it was rebuilt at the end of 2013 to the left of the former bakery by the fire brigade association with active participation by the residents. Above was a walled-in inscription plaque, in the middle a heart-shaped coat of arms, with the inscription:
HANS PATSCH
SHVLTZE ZV
KIRCHSCHI
On the coat of arms the initials CVR (probably Christoffen von Rockhausen , Ritter auf Kirchscheidungen * 1510 † 1583).
Whether this gate was really the entrance to the central courtyard is unclear, rather unlikely. If one compares the construction methods of similar gates in Laucha , it cannot be ruled out that the gate was put together from different old parts of a house entrance and that the inscription plaque was added later.
This could only be explained by the fact that the von Rockhausen family with their "emblems", as hereditary and judicial lords of church divisions, also transferred powers to the Schulzen but at the same time made it clear that the local Schulze had only been appointed on the basis of their grace. In 1739 the Mittlere Hof was called the Rockhäusisches Rittergut. In 1746/48 it became the property of Levin Friedrich von der Schulenburg .
Moritz Levin Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg zu Burgscheidungen was the owner of the Rockhausen Mannlehngut Kirchscheidungen after the death of his father and at the same time also the part of the Altschulenburg in the Majoratsgut Kirchscheidungen (Oberhof).
In 1908 the Mittelhof was 54 hectares in size.
The entrance to the central courtyard must have been elsewhere. Heinrich Bergner specifies a different location for the Mittelhof. These buildings in the middle courtyard, which adjoined the Oberhof, the manor in the north, were completely demolished from 1946 to 1950.
Oberhof and manor house
The manor house of the former manor is located in the upper village, on top of the Lohberg (no. 77) not far from the church of Kirchscheidungen. In 1739 the Oberhof was given the name of the gentlemen von der Schulenburg . According to Bergner's description, its current form was created around 1748/49 as a four-sided courtyard. This construction work on the manor is said to have been closely related to the new construction of the castle of Burgscheidungen, that of the portal of the village church in Tröbsdorf and that of the manor house of the manor in Baumersroda. In 1909, the Oberhof is surrounded by 3 two-story farm buildings and a coach house, which are dominated by the manor house. All buildings are made of red sandstone and white sand-lime brick. The courtyard was surrounded by a closed wall. Access was via four large gates. The houses and stables could be reached from a farm road running around the inside. But Bergner is wrong here. According to a historical table from 1852, the manor at that time looked completely different. The manor that Bergner describes was only created in this form in the second half of the 19th century.
The condition of the upper courtyard and the manor house before 1748 is not known. Investigations of the main house inside show that the house has centuries of history. Perhaps it was built on the foundation walls of the former lower castle and / or from the former residential tower (Kemenate), or is still a remnant of it. Investigations showed that at least stones from older times were also used. The cellars and the first floor probably date from the Baroque period. This is supported by the construction methods typical of that time, such as the thick stone walls made of red sandstone. The cross vaults in the basement and on the ground floor are unusual, while the arched doors in the basement are typical. The pillars supporting the cross vault have a simple square base and the capitals are rectangular blocks of sand-lime brick with no decorations.
At the sheepfold opposite the manor house, the oldest unchanged building of the court from 1748/49, a cartouche was attached, which represents the Schulenburg coat of arms, to the side two wild men. From this it can be concluded, since the coat of arms on the manor house is missing, that the stable building had been rebuilt.
According to a Prussian general staff map of Kirchscheidungen from 1852, the entire manor was then in a completely different structural condition than it is today. The main building had roughly the shape of a "4" with straight legs. The northern stables were missing. It has not yet been possible to clarify why the floor plan of the building and the entire property differ so significantly from other maps.
In the second half of the 19th century, today's three-storey, somewhat symmetrical baroque building of the manor was built, with a high central projection, a broken mansard roof, hipped on all sides. To his side were two two-story, lower and sober stable buildings (this floor plan corresponds roughly to the downward line of a four). According to old maps, the extension on the left belongs to the oldest part of the building and probably had a previous building, which can be assumed based on the existing basement and construction. There is still a dungeon cell from ancient times, with rings for hand and necklaces embedded in the wall. During the renovation and expansion of the house, the exterior of the shell was completely changed based on the baroque model. It would even be possible, since all the windows, doors and ceiling panels of the house protrude approx. 2 cm above the masonry, that - according to the taste of the time - the house was even completely plastered and painted. The two main entrances in the middle of the main house, both identical baroque portals with blown gables, were on the courtyard and garden side. Today it is therefore no longer possible to draw conclusions about the previous one from his current external view. The conversion also makes it clear that the manor house was no longer intended as a noble residence, but only as an estate and administrative courtyard.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the courtyard paths were paved. At this time, the well house near the Unstrut, with which the manor supplied water, must also have been built. A water cistern was installed in the left side wing under the roof, which was removed during the renovation of the manor house in 1949. The well house was demolished in the 1990s.
In 1908, the upper and lower courtyards had a size of 142 hectares, 30 ares and 12 m².
During a strong thunderstorm on July 13, 1911, lightning struck a stable of the Kirchscheidungen manor (today's house / stable building of Knips / Kaufmann). The stable burned down at the time, but was rebuilt a year later. During the reconstruction, the building was divided, as can still be seen today. In the same year, a suction pump was installed in the rectory in place of the approx. 50 foot deep draw well (on the north side of the parish). The water could not be taken as drinking water and still had to be fetched from the village.
The upper courtyard of the manor was surrounded by bull, sheep and pig stables: (Lohberg No. 75, 76), a sheep barn (Lohberg No. 74) and a cowshed (Lohberg No. 73). The stable had been on the first floor of the left wing of the manor house (Lohberg No. 77).
post war period
After the end of the war in 1945, refugees came to Kirchscheidungen. There was a shortage of housing and therefore refugees and resettlers were temporarily housed in the estate and in the apartment of the Schulburg estate inspector Knips. Around 300 refugees - some of them Catholic and from the Sudetenland - came, so that the population of the place grew to around 800. A little later the manor was dissolved by the Soviet command office Burgscheidungen.
After the land reform was completed, the right wing of the mansion was demolished. The mayor ordered the demolition to be able to provide the new farmers with building material for the construction of stables. The Soviet headquarters enforced this order. Local craftsmen who refused are said to have been chased into the attic by a Soviet officer and forced at gunpoint to begin demolishing the roof. The right wing, which had its own entrance and a staircase, was torn down to the ground. The new farmers and other local farmers took stones from the demolition material. As far as is known, the houses of the Quasdorf and Wenghöfer families were built with sandstones from this side wing. The remaining pile of rubble remained there for years. If the right side wing, like the main house and the left side wing, had a basement, there was no basement access from the basement of the main house to this. The main house and the remaining side wing remained unused and fell into disrepair.
The other now "superfluous" houses and stables and all the walls and gates of the Oberhof surrounding the courtyard were also removed. The farm buildings and stables were divided among new farmers and their specific residential and economic purposes were converted and adapted. The later local pastor Paul Reschke also lived in the inspector's house from October 1947 to 1949. On August 22, 1947 , the district administrators in Saxony-Anhalt were asked, together with the land reform commission and the VdgB, to divide up the manors and to tear down the unused buildings and mansions. The order 209 of the SMAD of September 9, 1947 to create new farms provided the legal basis for this. In the winter of 1947/48 the first demolitions began in Saxony-Anhalt. In order to save buildings threatened with demolition, possible uses were sought in many places. The manor houses served u. a. as emergency shelters, as apartments for resettlers but also as schools, retirement and nursing homes, museums, archives or administrations. From this point of view, the later reconstruction of the manor house can be seen as part of the preservation of the house as a whole.
In 1949, the community found a way to use the vacant former estate inspector's house in the old manor in Oberdorf. The municipal council decided to convert the manor inspector's house into a school, as the old school building from 1864 could no longer accommodate the many students. (Spring 1945: 80 students, autumn 1945: 129 students, 1946: 130 students, 1954: approx. 100 students). On May 16, 1949, Mayor Schäfer applied to the state curator to convert it into a five-class school building with a teacher's apartment. A two-storey abort building was to be erected at the site of the broken right wing. A gymnasium was planned in the left side wing. Total costs calculated for the construction DM 81.1993.10. The renovation was approved by the monument authority under numerous conditions. a. to maintain the clear and beautiful lines and the number of windows. The sandstone frames to be added should be reworked just like the existing ones so that no changes can be seen later. The main entrance, which was previously located in the middle of the building, can be removed on condition that it is later reinstalled true to the original. As a pastor of the church parish Kirchscheidungen Paul Reschke was introduced on 24 July 1949th
On September 22, 1950, construction work began on the interior of the main building. The planning and execution of the construction work was carried out by the Busch company from Laucha under the civil engineer Rosowsky. In order to create a classroom on the ground floor, it was necessary to remove the load-bearing masonry pillars that obstruct the view. The entire cross vault was broken out and removed. A new, straight wooden beam ceiling was installed. Two classrooms and a teacher's room were set up on the first floor. The 2nd floor was converted into a teacher's apartment for Heinz Kamutzki and his wife. The inner staircase was turned on the ground floor. The access from the 2nd floor to the attic has also been changed. The planned extension of the abortion could not be created for financial reasons.
In 1950 the first provisional kindergarten for 3 to 6-year-old preschool children from church divisions was set up on the ground floor of the main building. On January 2, 1951, the new school with three classrooms, a teacher's room and an official apartment was handed over. Heinz Kamutzki, new teacher of the Burgscheider course, who had held the office of headmaster in town since March 1, 1946, became director. He now lived in the teacher's apartment on the 2nd floor.
After the school move, the kindergarten was relocated to the vacated old, now renovated school. The kindergarten was opened there on January 2, 1951 and closed in autumn 1996.
In 1952 the small, single-storey porch was built on the south side and the baroque entrance portal was rebuilt as an entrance. Later, a garage was added to the porch and later the school toilet was added to this laterally.
In 1954 Rudolf Tomaszewski, headmaster of the schools in Burgscheidungen and Tröbsdorf , became the new head of the two-class school in Kirchscheidungen after the previous head, Heinz Kamutzki , was transferred to the district council as inspector . In the autumn of the year, another classroom with the dimensions 12 mx 4 m was built from the horse stable of the manor house. But this classroom was not a sensible solution, as the light and acoustic conditions were poor and the room was difficult to heat in winter. Another small classroom was built next to it (later the dining room). During the renovation of the room, the cross vault was supported, then the brick sandstone pillar was removed and the stones were stored with the rubble in the cellar. Before the pillar was removed, the vault was secured with a steel rail under the ceiling and filled with concrete above. The cellar was later backfilled and walled up. The well, which was located in the cellar, was also filled with rubble and sealed.
In 1955, six classes were housed in five classrooms in the former manor house in Kirchscheidungen. In the same year a start was made to clear the former horse stable and clear it out. The construction of a gymnasium was considered here. Initially, the continuous ventilation slots in the roof should be used to illuminate the gym. But the ventilation slots were removed from the roof cladding. The large water tank on the upper floor was dismantled and removed. Access to the hall should be through a breakthrough in the classroom on the 1st floor in the main building. During a structural review, after the joist layer including the floorboards had been removed and the supporting pillars in the horse stable had to be removed, it was found that there was no stability for a gym. So the upper floor remained unused until the mid-60s and fell into disrepair.
In 1958/59 there were grade classes from 1 to 7 in Kirchscheidungen. The school kitchen and dining room were on the ground floor. The grocery store was in the basement. The school yard, which was originally behind the house, was later moved to the fenced estate. The vegetable garden and the school garden were set up behind the house. Back then the garden went right up to the house. The paths in the garden were fenced in with box hedges . On a little hill under the acacias was a small round stone table. The fence between the house and the garden was not put up until later, when the house became a municipal office.
In 1960 only high school students, grades 5 to 8, were taught in Kirchscheidungen. 1960/61 2 more classrooms were built in the extension of the manor house (former horse stable) (today a studio and apartment).
From September 1, 1963, school instruction in Kirchscheidungen ceased entirely; only works, gymnastics and UTP took place here temporarily until the end of the school year. All children visit the POS in Burgscheidungen from September 1st, 1964 . After 1963, a doctor and community nurse's station, the village library, the post office and an FDJ room were built in the vacant rooms on the ground floor. On the 1st floor. one room was used as a day care center. The village library, which until then was located in the former milk room, was set up in the classroom on the ground floor and continued there until 1996. Gisela Kamutzki was its first director and remained so until 1975. The doctor and nurses' station was built in the former school kitchen (now also kitchen and anteroom) with two treatment rooms, and the dining room became a waiting room.
After the school closed, the community planned in September 1965 to convert the two classrooms and the teachers' room on the first floor of the main building into a closed apartment, taking into account the wishes of the Lauterbach family of teachers. The expansion was approved in October. In the kitchen, bathroom, pantry and bedroom the floorboards were removed and the vaulted gussets were concreted over. The large classrooms were divided with new partitions. Initially, the requested window enlargement, the toilet installation and a window opening in the bathroom were not approved.
In early 1966, the left side wing was repaired. Two apartments should now be built on the 1st floor. To reduce the height of the room and for the purpose of thermal insulation, a false ceiling was installed. The apartments are ready for occupancy in 1969, but the building acceptance test does not take place until 1971.
The Lauterbach family moved into the teacher's apartment on the 1st floor in January 1967. According to the rental agreement, the apartment now also has an internal toilet with a window. This was subsequently approved by the monument protection with conditions (outer window design according to the other windows of the house). But they have not been observed.
In the 1970s or 1980s, the entire mansion was completely re-covered with concrete roof tiles. The baroque dormer windows on the top floor are removed from the main building. Likewise, the central smoke outlet in the main building and the smokehouse in the attic were removed during the roof conversion.
In December 1975 the parish office and the seat of the full-time mayor were moved from the large parish hall, just north of the manor, back to the old school.
The Kirchscheidungen community nurse's station was closed in 1990/1991 and the post office, which had been in a small room on the ground floor since May 1981, was closed in 1993.
In December 1995, the Kirchscheidungen community sold the manor house of the former Kirchscheidungen manor to the Horst Bier family from Naumburg. The house became their property on February 1, 1996. The village library, which was still on the ground floor of the house, was closed. Most of the library's book inventory was disposed of, only a few books were taken to the library in Laucha.
In the spring of 1996, the first modernization work was started in the main building. An apartment was installed on the ground floor, into which Horst and Margitta Bier moved after the work was completed. A new gas heating system was installed in the basement and new radiators throughout the house. The rotten windows on the ground floor were also replaced.
As part of the village renewal program, the municipality is also redesigning the Lohberg, the former manor, with new natural gas, water and sewage connections and a new paved road surface with a modified road layout. The courtyard is greened. The roof of the house was from September to November 2003 beavertail newly -Ziegeln but covered on historical models. The community bought back part of the yard and the street in front of the house from the Bier family.
Unterhof and Niederhof
If you study the sources carefully, there is also a problem here. Is there a farm that has two different names, or are there two farms? The location of the Unterhof is uncertain.
According to Heinrich Bergner, the Unterhof is said to have been not far from the "Lower Castle", the south of the later Oberhof. Since the lower courtyard buildings were the older, the construction of the entire manor would have to have taken place from the Unterhof, which requires a local proximity. The mansion of the Unterhof is described as a one-story house approx. 12 m long with rectangular and some diamond windows and a two-lined living room on the right and left. Above the door, the coat of arms of Rockhausen and next to it a writing stone, which is lost today, with a signature:
HERMAN - EHRNFRIET - VON - Rockhausen HGHVD 1 5 9 5.
(Hermann Ehrenfried von Rockhausen, Herr auf Kirchscheidungen, 4th and youngest son of Christoph von Rockhausen ) The letters GHVD should actually be the first letters of the wife's name. But at that time there is no female person in the von Rockhausen family tree to whom the abbreviations would fit.
According to another description, the manor house of the Niederhof is at the other end of the village. It is not clear whether this is really the Niederhof or the "Fränkel'schen Hof". The house built in the 19th century (today Lindenstrasse 1 and 2, home of the Propst family) is a modest one-story building with a half-hip roof . It is also approx. 12 m long, with the front door in the middle on the long side, with two rectangular windows each on the right and left. Above the front door of the house there is a plaque, presumably taken over from the previous building, which shows two well-preserved alliance coats of arms: left of Rockhausen, right of Schütz and under this an inscription:
- The Lord Jesus guard the house,
- with everyone who goes in and out.
- Hir built in 1687.
Initials above the coat of arms of Rockhausen: HCVR (Hans Caspar von Rockhausen, * 1642, died 1664, † May 20, 1712), on both sides above the other coat of arms AMVR (Anna Maria von Rockhausen,) and next to it GVS (born von Schütz, on Borxleben , * 1633, first wife of Hans Caspar von Rockhausen, † November 15, 1703). (Today the house is No. 1 and 2 and serves as the residence of the Probst family.)
The von Rockhausen family sold and left this property. In 1739 the Unterhof is called desolate and belongs to Herr von der Schulenburg . In April of that year he had a sheepfold built on it.
literature
- Rüdiger Bier: 1500 years of history and stories of the manorial seats for church and castle divisions , self-published by the manor Kirchscheidungen 2009 Table of contents (PDF; 15 kB)
