Buckow (Märkische Schweiz)
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Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ' N , 14 ° 4' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Märkisch-Oderland | |
| Office : | Märkische Schweiz | |
| Height : | 29 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 14.42 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1464 (December 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 102 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 15377 | |
| Area code : | 033433 | |
| License plate : | MOL, FRW, SEE, SRB | |
| Community key : | 12 0 64 084 | |
| City structure: | 2 districts | |
| Office administration address: | Hauptstraße 1 15377 Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Horst Fittler ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the town of Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) in the Märkisch-Oderland district | ||
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Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) [ ˈbuːkoː ] (formerly just Buckow or Buckow, Märkische Schweiz ) is a town in the Märkisch-Oderland district in Brandenburg and the seat of the Märkisch Switzerland office . It is the main town in the Märkische Schweiz nature park and a Kneipp spa . The name was changed to Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) with effect from February 1, 2005.
geography
location
The city is located in the center of Märkische Schweiz , a landscape rich in forests and lakes formed by the last Ice Age on the Schermützelsee and is traversed by the Stobber .
Neighboring communities
Natural space and climate
Buckower boiler
Buckow is located in the Buckower Kessel, a basin-like extension of the Stobbertal. The valley is part of a glacial meltwater channel that formed in the last two phases of the Vistula Ice Age between the dead ice- filled Oderbruch and the Berlin glacial valley (today's Spreetal) and separates the Barnimplatte from the Lebuser Platte . This approximately 30 kilometers long and two to six kilometers wide Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz-Stobber-Rinne ) drains from the low moor and headwaters area Rotes Luch via the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder and via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree . The Urstobber flowed before the formation of the North Sea and Baltic Sea watershed Red Luch from Mohriner Sander Pomeranian ice margin to the southwest over the Oder to Berlin glacial valley. As a result, a counter-rotating tap blade formed from the Oderbruch . The original box valley shape and direction of flow of the Buckower Gully is only preserved from the Buckower Gate , the watershed area in the Rotes Luch headwaters, to the southwest in the short Stobberbach
The strains and tensions of the last glaciation and the thawing glaciers caused numerous smaller breaks in the subsurface of the Buckow Basin. The lower-lying basins were filled with gradually rising groundwater and formed several lakes: the Schermützelsee and some smaller lakes such as the Griepensee at Buckower Schlosspark and the Buckowsee at the city center, both of which are flowed through by the Stobber, as well as the White Lake , which is only a narrow, The swampy strip of land separates it from the southeastern shore of the Schermützelsee.
Climate: "Majesty, in Buckow the lungs go on velvet"
The Märkische Schweiz nature park is located in the regional climate zone of the subcontinental, dry, southern Mark climate, or broadly classified in the transition area from the Atlantic climate of Western Europe to the continental climate of Eastern Europe. The climate is characterized by cool winters with an average January temperature of −1.2 ° C and relatively warm summers with an average July temperature of 17.8 ° C. In the lowlands, especially in the throats and in the vicinity of the often mist-shrouded lakes, the temperatures are lower and the humidity is high. The rather humid climate in the Buckower Kessel is particularly beneficial for the mixed beech forests.
Individual data from the German Weather Service (DWD) are available for neighboring Müncheberg , which, however, is already outside the boiler on the Lebuser Platte. There the following mean values were obtained between 1961 and 1990: the temperature fluctuated between −1.2 ° C in January and 17.8 ° C in July; the annual mean temperature reached 8.3 ° C. The mean annual precipitation was 531 mm and was therefore very low - it fell into the lower tenth of the values recorded in Germany; Only seven percent of the German Weather Service's measuring stations recorded lower values. Most of the precipitation fell in June with a peak of 65.5 mm. The driest month was February with 29 mm of precipitation. The sun shone an average of 1640 hours per year. The annual sunshine duration was thus in the upper range of Germany. December had the lowest value with 36, the highest value in May and July with 224 hours of sunshine each.
The Fuhrmann Chronicle of 1928 says about Buckower Luft : Emperor Friedrich as Crown Prince and Friedrich Wilhelm IV. From the Prussian royal house stayed here and it was said that Buckow's personal physician recommended Buckow to the latter with the words: “Your Majesty, in Buckow the lungs go on velvet! « This alleged recommendation of the royal personal physician from the year 1854 is quoted in almost every representation of the regional tourism industry . In recent times it has often been associated with a confirmatory report by the German Weather Service from the year 2000:
"The fact that this quote is still topical is proven by a report by the German Weather Service, which attested the only recognized Kneipp spa in the State of Brandenburg to have very good conditions for a promising support of the cure through the climatic and bioclimatic conditions."
The climatic-meteorological report showed that Buckow's air consists of a mixture of irritating components (e.g. ozone ) and soothing gas molecules. As early as 1928, the Fuhrmann Chronicle wrote about the Buckower Schonklima : The nerve tonic sea and forest air make Buckow suitable for summer and winter stays; therefore the hotels and guest houses are also open in winter.
Community structure
The municipality includes the municipal parts of Buckow and Hasenholz as well as the Buchenfried, Dreieichen, Fischerkehle and Pritzhagener Mühle residential areas .
history
Buckow was originally a Slavic settlement, the name of which meant Buchenaue ( buk = "beech"). Archaeological finds suggest that it was first settled in the 9th century. At the beginning of the 13th century, Duke Heinrich I of Silesia acquired the land of Lebus , to which Märkische Schweiz belonged. In 1224 he donated parts of the country to the Cistercian monasteries Leubus and Trebnitz . The localities Mönfberg (Müncheberg), Münchehofe, Trebnitz, Obersdorf and others emerged. The settlement took place predominantly with German colonists . As excavations show, the Slavs, who had been resident for around 850, had to retreat to Töpfergasse (now Wallstrasse), where they were given small plots of land with so-called wall gardens.
In the years 1249–1251 the land of Lebus came to the Archbishop Wilbrand of Magdeburg. Archbishop Rudolf left the village of villa Buchowe with half of the mill, as well as Siewersdorf (later Waldsieversdorf ), Slawentin (Schlagenthin) and Obersdorf to the monks of the Leubus Monastery in 1253 as compensation for the city of Monafeberg ( Müncheberg ) that had been ceded to him . This is the first written mention of Buckow. 1375 a preurbium (suburb) Buckow is mentioned in the land book of Charles IV . In 1405 the oppidum (town) Buckow was sold by the abbot and the Leubus convent to Poppo von Holzendorf . His son, Knight Albrecht von Holzendorf, sold Buckow and the associated villages to Kuno von Segeser as early as 1416. On April 17th, 1432 Buckow was destroyed by the Hussites . In 1463 Buckow was owned by Jost von Ziegesar , a descendant of Kuno von Segeser. Hop growing and trading developed under the rule of this family . Single-storey farm houses with simple, plastered facades were built well into the 19th century , which still shape the cityscape to a large extent today. They tell of a time when hops and beer brewing made the place famous. In 1489 39 villages got their beer from “Hoppen-Buckow”. In 1465, Elector Friedrich II of Brandenburg granted the city the right to hold annual and weekly markets. Around 1550 Buckow received city freedom . The city was almost completely destroyed by fires several times (1654, 1665 and 1769).
Until its secularization in 1546 were single goods on the field Mark Buckows, as well as a portion of the shear Mützel lake , owned by the Cistercian nuns - monastery Friedland . At the time of the Great Elector , the Buckow estate and the villages of Obersdorf, Möschen, Garzin, Sieversdorf, Hasenholz, Damsdorf and Münchehofe belonged to General Georg Adam von Pfuhl , who had Buckow Castle built in 1663. His son-in-law, Field Marshal Heino Heinrich von Flemming , received the castle in 1688, which his wife, Dorothea Elisabeth, had inherited in 1673. At the beginning of the 19th century, Buckow Castle was rebuilt according to plans by Schinkel and remained in the possession of the von Flemming family until 1945 . In 1948 the castle, which was badly damaged in the war, was demolished by order of the state. The five-hectare castle park, redesigned from a baroque garden to an English landscape park in the 19th century, extends north of the market square to the castle hill and was reconstructed according to historical plans.
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The “golden age of hops” ended in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Buckower were looking for a new livelihood, from linen weaving and cloth making to silkworms and rose breeding. It was not until the Prussian East Railway from 1867 and then from 1897 also the Buckower Kleinbahn brought day trippers from Berlin to the “rural beauty” described by Theodor Fontane that a new source of income developed, tourism. Well-known people of high standing had villas built for their summer vacation, richly decorated in the so-called Heimatstil. Almost every Buckower family set up a guest room. Poets, painters, musicians - Märkische Schweiz attracted many. The “mad reporter” Egon Erwin Kisch pitched his summer tent here, as did the photo mechanic and graphic artist John Heartfield . Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel moved to Buckow in the 1950s. From 1952 they had a summer house ( Brecht-Weigel-Haus ) on a property on the Schermützelsee. Here the playwright worked on productions such as Katzgraben , Turandot and Coriolan . The Buckower Elegies collection of poetry was also created here , which long after Brecht's death in 1956 caused political and cultural upheavals in the GDR. Even after Brecht's death, Helene Weigel lived and worked here in the summer months. The house has been open to everyone as a museum since 1977.
Between 1959 and 1991 the Theological Seminary of the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in the GDR was located in Buckow. There is a memorial plaque on the former seminar building (Neue Promenade 34), which is now used by the Evangelical Free Church Community .
Buckow belonged to the district of Lebus in the province of Brandenburg since 1817 and from 1952 to the district of Strausberg in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) . The community has been in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch Oderland since 1993.
On December 30, 2004, the Ministry of the Interior of the State of Brandenburg approved the change of the name of the town Buckow to Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) with effect from February 1, 2005.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, residents: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
religion
- Protestant parish Buckow
- Catholic parish "St. Hedwig “Buckow-Müncheberg based in Müncheberg
- Evangelical Free Church Community Buckow / Müncheberg (Baptists)
politics
City Council
The city council of Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) consists of 10 city councilors and the honorary mayor with the following distribution of seats (excluding the mayor):
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 3 |
| Citizen for Buckow | 2 |
| SPD | 2 |
| The left | 1 |
| Bürger.Dialog.Buckow | 1 |
| Pro future voter community Buckow | 1 |
(As of: local election on May 26, 2019 )
mayor
- 1998–2003: Hans-Ulrich Schulze
- 2003–2011: Peter-Alexander Block (CDU)
- 2011-2018: Thiemo Seelig (CDU)
- 2018–2020: Horst Fittler (CDU)
Fittler was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 71.2% of the valid votes for a term of five years.
On August 19, 2020, he resigned from his position.
flag
The city carries a flag in white and green stripes with the city coat of arms.
Town twinning
Sights and culture
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Buildings
In the list of architectural monuments in Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) are the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.
- Stadtpfarrkirche : The listed church building goes back to a previous building from the 13th century. It burned down in 1665 and 1686 and was rebuilt. During the Second World War it was destroyed again by fire, rebuilt and rededicated on April 8, 1951.
- Catholic Heilig Geist Chapel, built in 1953 and rebuilt in 2000
Historical monuments
- Boulder in front of the train station as a memorial stone for the victims of fascism
- Soviet memorial in Lindenstrasse: It commemorates 70 Soviet soldiers who died in World War II in 1945. The monument is designed in the shape of a wing with a red star . Below are two black metal propeller blades.
Museums
- Brecht-Weigel-Haus (former summer residence of Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel )
- Buckower Kleinbahn Museum
- Home parlor
- "Swiss House" nature park center
Parks
- Palace park : In the 17th century, a baroque garden was built next to the palace . It consisted of a pleasure garden with flower beds and a kitchen garden for the castle kitchen. Both are no longer preserved today. Rescheduled as an English landscape garden in the 18th century, it got its current appearance at the end of the 19th century. It is used, among other things, as a venue for summer concerts and the Buckower Rose Days . The 61 meter high Schlossberg rises at the northern end .
- Lunapark with ice age garden, a horticultural representation of a landscape shaped by the ice age with display boards and several boulders that weigh between 500 kilograms and 11.2 tons. They illustrate how the region around Buckow was formed during the last ice age.
Natural monuments
- Root spruce (since Hurricane Kyrill on the night of January 18-19, 2007, the spruce has snapped off just above the roots)
- Wolfsschlucht (Märkische Schweiz) (already belongs to Pritzhagen , Oberbarnim )
Visitor Center "Three Oaks"
In the Märkische Schweiz nature park, directly on the R1 European cycle path and the Märkische Schweiz nature park route, certified according to the criteria of "Wanderbaren Deutschland", is the "Drei Eichen visitor center for nature and environmental education". The hostel is surrounded by forest and water and is three kilometers from the town of Buckow.
"Drei Eichen" was a tourist station in GDR times. Today the environmental center is dedicated to topics from the areas of wilderness education and education for sustainable development . There are solar panels and a plant-based sewage treatment system, display boards that present the region's plants, animals and biotopes, the “Trolleburg” adventure playground and the Tipidorf am Weiher, a water tour and GPS hikes on offer.
theatre
- THEATER below
- Parklichtspiele Buckow (cinema)
Regular events
The Buckower Rosentage is an annual event with a traditional background.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The federal highway 168 between Prötzel and Müncheberg crosses the city to the west. The district road K 6413 between Bollersdorf and Waldsieversdorf leads directly through the city.
In Buckow (Märkische Schweiz) is the terminus of the Buckower Kleinbahn , a branch line branching off from the Prussian Eastern Railway in Müncheberg . A special feature of this tram is that it is electrically isolated. Regular traffic was discontinued in 1998 by Deutsche Bahn . Since then, a museum association has organized a train service on weekends and public holidays in the summer months. There is also a daily direct connection to the bus to Buckow (line 928 or 930) in Müncheberg.
education
- Kneipp day care center "Helene Weigel"
- Kneipp primary school "Bertolt Brecht"
Personalities
- Georg Adam von Pfuhl (Pfuel) (1618–1672), lord of Gross- and Klein-Buckow, royal Prussian general of the cavalry and governor of the Spandau citadel
- Heino Heinrich von Flemming (1632–1706), Lord of Gross- and Klein-Buckow, son-in-law of Georg Adam von Pfuhl, Saxon, later Brandenburg General Field Marshal and Governor of Berlin
- Theodor Fontane (1819–1898), writer, wrote in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg in volume 2 Das Oderland about Buckow and called it “a rural beauty who steps into the lake with bare feet and braids her hair under willow branches”.
- Edmund von Flemming (1827–1897), politician, died in Buckow
- Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), writer, lived in Buckow from 1952 to 1956
- Helene Weigel (1900–1971), actress, lived in Buckow from 1952 to 1971
- Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel (1910–1989), geographer and explorer, born in Buckow
- Käthe Reichel (1926–2012), actress and peace activist, lived and died in Buckow
- Harro Hess (1935–2011), geologist, author and business journalist, died in Buckow
- Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009), sociologist and politician, attended a boarding school in Buckow from 1941 to 1944
- Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser (* 1943) author, music producer and impresario, born in Buckow
- Christian Pauls (* 1944), German diplomat, born in Buckow
See also
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 183-185 ( online ).
- W. Riehl, J. Scheu (Hrsg.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 371-373 ( online ).
- "Fuhrmann Chronicle" = E. Fuhrmann: Walks through Märkische Schweiz in words and pictures . E. Fuhrmann's Verlag, Buckow Märkische Schweiz 1928 (reprint with supplementary parts in: City of Buckow with the Kneipp and Heimatverein Märkische Schweiz eV (ed.): Buckow. Märkische Schweiz. Reprint of the Fuhrmann Chronicle from 1928. Buckow 1997).
- Tourist Office Märkische Schweiz u. a. (Ed.): Walk through the centuries. Insights into 750 years of Buckower history. Brochure accompanying the exhibition, the history of the city and the renovation of the old town. Buckow 2003.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Change of the name of the town Buckow. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of December 30, 2004. Official Gazette for Brandenburg Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 16, 2005, Number 2, Potsdam, January 19, 2005, p. 20 PDF
- ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe area - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river areas . (PDF; 2.9 MB) In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN 0947-1995 .
- ↑ Natural area Märkische Schweiz . LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V.
- ↑ A walk through the centuries , p. 5.
- ^ Hans Domnick: Development concept for the Geopark Ostbrandenburg. (PDF file; 11.3 MB) On behalf of: Investor Center Ostbrandenburg GmbH, Oder-Spree regional management. Bad Freienwalde, 2006. p. 41.
- ^ Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (MUGV): Lust for NaTour. Brandenburg's National Natural Landscapes. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 6.7 MB) Potsdam 2012, p. 38.
- ^ Deutscher Wetterdienst: mean values [of precipitation / duration of sunshine / temperature] based on the location in 1990 (1961–1990); see values for Müncheberg downloads of all three areas via DWD mean values .
- ↑ Fuhrmann-Chronik, p. 21. It cannot be determined whether the statement Majesty, in Buckow the lungs are on velvet! actually fell like that and also not from which "personal physician" Friedrich Wilhelm IV. it could have come. If the sentence was actually used in 1854, the doctors Johann Lukas Schönlein or Heinrich Gottfried Grimm are likely to be considered.
- ↑ A walk through the centuries , p. 17.
- ↑ In-Berlin-Brandenburg.com: Märkische Schweiz Nature Park - Brandenburg's “Mini-Alps”.
- ↑ Around Buckow: News from Buckow and the Office Märkische Schweiz. III, 2000. Entry as of September 28, 2000.
- ↑ Fuhrmann Chronicle, p. 21.
- ↑ Service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg - Buckow (Märkische Schweiz)
- ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, p. 445 .
- ↑ General encyclopedia of science and the arts . FA Brockhaus, 1847, p. 173.
- ^ Theological seminary Elstal: The forced tradition of the seminary in Buckow 1959–1991 ; Accessed June 27, 2011
- ^ Change of the name of the town Buckow. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of December 30, 2004. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 16, Number 2, of January 19, 2005, p. 20. PDF
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland . Pp. 18-21
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the district of Märkisch Oderland ( Memento of the original from April 1, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 25
- ↑ Thiemo Seelig elected mayor. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , November 18, 2011
- ↑ Unanimous election for mayor. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , June 22, 2018
- ↑ Section 73 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Buckow's mayor Horst Fittler throws in the towel. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , August 20, 2020.
- ↑ The castle park in Buckow , website of the culture and tourism office Märkische Schweiz, (PDF), accessed on June 1, 2014.
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