Pritzhagen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pritzhagen with the residential area Tornow is a district of Bollersdorf in the municipality of Oberbarnim in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch-Oderland . The village, first mentioned in records in 1300, is located on the southeastern part of Barnim in the Märkische Schweiz nature park and had around 95 inhabitants in 2010. Pritzhagen is administered by the Office of Märkische Schweiz .

The Pritzhagen estate was owned by various noble families from the Brandenburg region for centuries . With listed and renovated field stone buildings , the village is part of the Oberbarnimer field stone route . Due to its scenic features such as the Wurzelfichte natural monument on the Sophienfließ , Kehlen (erosion gorges) such as the Wolfsschlucht in the Barnimhang to the Stobbertal or lakes such as the Great and Small Tornowsee , the village was recognized in 2007 as a "Nature Park Community in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park".

With residential house, stable building, barn and field stone enclosure, listed courtyard

geography

Location and transport links

Pritzhagen is located on the southeastern Barnim. The district of the village borders in the southwest, largely along the Sophienfließ, on Bollersdorf and in the northwest on Grunow . Ihlow joins in the north. To the east follows Reichenberg , a district of the municipality of Märkische Höhe . In the south the area includes the Barnimhang to the Stobbertal. The border runs largely along the river, alternating from bank to bank; the area to the south belongs to Buckow . In the southeastern corner of Pritzhagen, on the north bank of the Great Tornowsee, is Tornow , a former country estate with a mansion from 1912, which is now used as the special educational "School at Tornowsee" and the "Gästehaus Tornow am See", which provides work training and professional training as part of the hotel Performs rehabilitation measures, is divided. About three hundred meters east of Tornow follows the Pritzhagener Mühle on the Stobber. Mentioned for the first time in 1375 and rebuilt in 1650 after its destruction in the Thirty Years' War, the mill was granted a royal liquor license as early as 1827 and is considered the oldest restaurant in Märkische Schweiz .

The village of Pritzhagen is located in the central eastern part of the district, near the border with Reichenberg and in the immediate vicinity of the Reichenberg residential area Julianenhof with the Julianenhof bat museum . In the road network , the place can only be reached via a cul-de-sac that runs from Landesstraße 34 via the village center of Pritzhagen south to Tornow. The state road connects Pritzhagen across the Märkische Schweiz nature park to the west via Bollersdorf to the federal highway 168 and to the northeast via Reichenberg, Ringenwalde and Karlsdorf to the federal highway 167 near Altfriedland . Local public transport only runs to the village on school days; Pritzhagen can be reached in the summer months on weekends and public holidays with the excursion line Märkische Schweiz A930 from the train stations Strausberg or Seelow -Gusow. Especially in the southern part of the district there are several hiking trails, including the Poetensteig and the European long-distance hiking trail E11 , which leads directly through the Stobbertal to Buckow or in the opposite direction to Neuhardenberg . The Oberbarnimer Feldstein route, opened on April 22, 2012, also runs through Pritzhagen and Tornow .

Natural space

For details on geomorphology, nature conservation, flora and fauna, see the main article Großer Tornowsee

2004 redeveloped village green with village pond

Theodor Fontane wrote in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg (Volume 2, Oderland) in 1863: Pritzhagen means little, but its mountains and gorges mean a lot, even its "throats".

The southeastern Barnimhang is formed as a compression moraine in the Pritzhagens area , which during the Saale-age ice advances due to a sometimes strong compression (disturbance) of the older sediments in the Barnim subsurface between the Freienwalder Heights (also known as the Wriezener Höhe) and which are still particularly high today the Buckower cauldron was created. In addition to older ice age deposits, large areas of material from the Tertiary were pressed into the compression moraines. The area, which is relatively high in relief by Brandenburg standards, is criss-crossed by deep throats such as the Silberkehle or the Wolfsschlucht . The Silberkehle above the Großer Tornowsee stretches to the Dachsberg (106 m above sea level), which is followed to the northwest by the Krugberg , at 129 meters the highest point in Märkische Schweiz. Located on the eastern edge of the Pritzhagen forest, the Krugberg offers a clear view of the village to the east. The south area of injection Hagens is coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora Natura 2000 as FFH area designated "Tornow Lakes Pritzhagener mountains". The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) contains the following description for the 682 hectare area under number 3450-306:

"Richly structured compression terminal moraine complex with pronounced notch valleys formed in historical forest clearing periods , the dystrophic Small and the eutrophic Great Tornowsee, natural deciduous mixed forests and the natural Sophienfließ ."

- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Profile FFH area Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge.

The near-natural Sophienfließ with the natural monument root spruce opens up a fontane hiking trail .

history

The history of the Angerdorf was shaped over centuries by aristocratic families from the Brandenburg region such as von Rutze (later called Reutze), von Itzenplitz and von Oppen . In 1540 the village came into the possession of the von Pfuel family . At the end of the 18th century, the Pritzhagen landlady Helene Charlotte von Friedland pushed the development forward. In 2001 Pritzhagen was incorporated into the municipality of Oberbarnim .

First mentions and etymology

As far as is known, Pritzhagen was first mentioned in 1300 as prouesthagen . The land book of Charles IV listed the place as Probisthayn in 1375 . In 1412 he was recorded as Probsthagen and in 1608 as Prizhagen . According to the Brandenburg name book, the name was transferred from Probsthain , a district of the Saxon Belgern-Schildau . This place was again named as Provesteshagen in 1201 and was owned by the Lauterberg monastery near Halle (Saale) , so that the first part of the name is traced back to provost . The appendix -hagen is explained with Hag .

The first day can be found in a document that is contained in the regest of the Margraves of Brandenburg from the Ascan family, edited by Hermann Krabbo and Georg Winter and reissued in 1955 . In this document of November 19, 1300, Margrave Albrecht III confirmed . ( Co-regent ) the Cistercian nuns - Friedland Monastery his entire property, including the two Tornow lakes, but not Pritzhagen itself: […] item stagna apud prouesthagen iacencia, scilicet magnum Tornow et paruum Tornow; [...]. In 1704 Pritzhagen came to the "Herrschaft Friedland", which followed the monastery which was secularized in 1540/46 .

Entry in the land register 1375 and development of the population

According to Charles IV's land book, Pritzhagen was equipped with 24 hooves in 1375  . Rudolf Schmidt reproduces the Latin entry in the land register as follows:

Older farm building

“Probisthagen has 24 hooves, of which the pastor has a second horse and 9 hooves to his yard. He is obliged to serve as a vassal. Peter Rutze has 5 hooves. He is also required to serve as a vassal. Each hoof [owned by the peasants] gives 6 shillings in rent and interest. Wheat and oats. For each hoof 3 Sch. and ½ shock wheat and barley, 1 Sch. Oats. Each of the 24 cossettes gives 1 bushel of rye and 1 hoof. The jug gives 10 shillings. The mill gives 10 frustration. The upper jurisdiction and the clamping service have the hat, who bought it from the Landvoigt of the Margrave. "

- Charles IV's land book from 1375, reproduction according to Rudolf Schmidt.

Information on the number of inhabitants is as follows:

year 1624 1801 1840 1875 1900 1910 1925 1946 2006
population 63 104 110 123 104 136 169 205 122

In 2010 the number was just under 100 inhabitants.

High Middle Ages and early modern times

2004 renovated village green
Krugberghalle Stud

The two in the land book as the owner injection Hagens mentioned Rutzes (later Reutze) came from a Altmark Ritter family, probably in the course of Ostsiedlung Germans had come from Saxon areas on the Barnim. Since the end of the Teltow and Magdeburg Wars in 1245, the Barnim has been firmly in the hands of the Ascanian margraves of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, founded by Albrecht the Bear in 1156 . The von Rutze family, which died out towards the end of the 18th century, owned Pritzhagen until 1704. In 1450 the Rutzes owned 12 free hooves. In 1450 there were only six cottages left in the village, which was probably devastated in the Hussite Wars . In 1487 the brothers Tyle, Hans and Peter Rutze Pritzhagen were confirmed as property with all interest and rent . At the beginning of the 16th century, Hans and Peter Rutze took part in raids and raids. In 1502, Elector Joachim I , who acted resolutely and without indulgence against the so-called robber knighthood, had Hans Rutze executed; his brother was released with a declaration of submission and a fine. After the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), 3 of 16 hooves noted in the war damage log and 2 of 7 Kossatenhüfen were desolate. In 1678 several fields, courtyards and the pitcher were still listed as desolate.

After several other owners of the family, the estate went to Anthon Gideon von Reutz in 1653, the last Rutze, who tried with great commitment to put the village and estate back in order. In 1670, von Reutz, who most likely resided at Haus Tornow above the Großer Tornowsee, had extensive amelioration measures carried out in the area of ​​the lakes. He initiated the cultivation of hops between the Wolfsschlucht and the Kleiner Tornowsee. In addition, wine and tobacco were grown. His only son Carl Friedrich died in 1676, so that after the death of Anthon Gideon in 1704, Pritzhagen fell to the sovereign Friedrich I. His daughter Sophie Eleonore, born on August 15, 1682, married a member of the von Barfus noble family in Altmark . Frederick I transferred the Pritzhagen estate to his half-brother Albrecht Friedrich von Brandenburg-Schwedt in 1704 for 7,400 thalers , who also took over the rule of Friedland in 1711; From that time on, Pritzhagen remained under Friedland's rule until the 20th century . Albrecht Friedrich, lieutenant general in Brandenburg-Prussia and master master of the Order of St. John , and his son and successor Carl Albrecht von Brandenburg-Sonnenburg had the village administered by so-called Arrende (lease). Pritzhagen's time as an Arrendedorf lasted until 1788.

Separation of property and community

In 1788 the rule of Friedland and with it Pritzhagen went to Helene Charlotte von Friedland , daughter of the Prussian major general Hans Sigismund von Lestwitz and Catharina Charlotte von Tresckow . With her drive, her organizational and educational talent and her ability to train farmers to be administrators, foresters and hunters, she went down in history as "Frau von Friedland". The sessile oak and hornbeam - Tilia cordata forests on the once barren hills in Pritzhagener Forest go to their forest economic return measures. Under their administration in 1791, following the liberation of the peasants, the separation between the estate and the community took place. For the surrender of the arable land, the farmers committed themselves to precisely defined services and taxes. In a recess on April 24, 1834, the duty of the Kossaites was lifted against payment of 125 Reichstalers each to the rulers. In 1800 there were 6 whole cottages in the village and estate, 1  Büdner , 6  residents , a jug, a water mill , a remote forest house for 1,100 acres of wood, 16 fireplaces (historical statistical term for residential building) with 104 inhabitants and a total of 22 Hufen.

In 1803 Helene Charlotte von Friedland bequeathed all of her property ( Kunersdorf , Friedland, Bollersdorf, Pritzhagen) to her daughter Henriette Charlotte von Itzenplitz  (1772–1848), who had married Count Peter Alexander von Itzenplitz in 1792 . In 1848, State Minister Count Heinrich August von Itzenplitz took over the property and bequeathed it to his daughter Countess Luise, who had been married to Karl von Oppen since 1867 (Countess Luise von Oppen, 1839–1901). Between 1883 and 1909, Countess Charlotte von Itzenplitz , from 1867 to 1916 chairwoman of the Fatherland Women's Association and chapter lady of the Order of Louise , administered the legacy of Bollersdorf and Pritzhagen. In 1908 Luise sold her property to her nephew, Rittmeister Wilhelm von Oppen, who had a new mansion built in Tornow in 1912 . In 1928 the estate was combined with the Pritzhagen community.

Expropriation in the GDR era and Pritzhagen in the 21st century

In the course of the land reform , the Soviet military administration expropriated and divided 101 hectares of agricultural land in the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ). After the so-called "collectivization phase" of the GDR with the state-organized merger of private companies into large cooperative companies, the Agricultural Production Cooperative  (LPG) Bollersdorf was founded in 1969 with the Pritzhagen agricultural brigade. After the German reunification in 1990, the LPG was dissolved. Since the voluntary amalgamation of the previously independent municipalities Bollersdorf / Pritzhagen, Klosterdorf and Grunow to form the municipality of Oberbarnim , Pritzhagen has been part of this municipality. In 2004 the village green with the village pond and the surrounding field stone walls as well as the field stone fencing of the farmsteads in the center of the village was extensively renovated.

Field stone enclosure on the village green
Part of the listed courtyard

“The use of the heavy field stones, rounded off by the long transport from Scandinavia [...] to enclose pastures, huts and settlements may have been the original profane use of the rock material. It was sorted and piled up on two sides to form a natural dry stone wall without binding agents, and the spaces between them were filled with small stones. Later the field stones were bricked up, mostly from large to small in size. The construction of the field stone walls used in Pritzhagen speaks for a system in the 18th century. The large rural buildings, which were built using the tried and tested gusset construction, are remarkable. The cavities created between the bricked up split field stones were filled with rock fragments and the masonry was stabilized. The variety of colors of the deep rocks of Scandinavia was deliberately used as external decoration. "

- Information board of the Oberbarnimer Feldsteinroute, 2012.

In 2007 Pritzhagen received the award as a "Nature Park Community in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park". In 2008, the Krugberghalle was inaugurated in a stud and horse breeding business that had been in existence for thirty years .

Architectural monuments

Main article: Field stone church Pritzhagen

The field stone church on the village green comes from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century. The rectangular, completely plastered building was heavily modified in the 18th century and has a retracted square west tower, which was created in 1841 to replace the wooden tower. The masonry and plastered altarpiece probably dates back to the 18th century, the wooden altarpiece with acanthus cheeks on the sides to the years 1730/40. To the left of the altar is a wooden baptism , and the pulpit is also made of wood .

While the - as Fontane called them - Itzenplitze are mostly buried in the hereditary funeral of the von Lestwitz-Itzenplitz family in Kunersdorf, the listed grave of Charlotte Countess von Itzenplitz is located directly on the southern outer wall of the Pritzhagen church. At Lindenstrasse 12, there is also a courtyard, consisting of a residential building, stable building and barn, including the street-side fence.

literature

Web links

Commons : Pritzhagen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brandenburg-Viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (click on the menu)
  2. ↑ Between fins and wings: 4) Pritzhagener Mühle. Flyer of the visitor center Drei Eichen , Buckow, undated (received 2011).
  3. ↑ Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB): By and bus train to the Oder-Spree lake district . ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 6.34 MB) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / images.vbb.de
  4. ↑ Oberbarnimer Feldsteinroute.
  5. ^ Theodor Fontane, p. 112.
  6. ↑ Werner Stackebrandt, Volker Manhenke (Ed.): Atlas for the geology of Brandenburg . State Office for Geosciences and Raw Materials Brandenburg (today: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, LBGR), 2nd edition, 142 pages, 43 maps, Kleinmachnow 2002, ISBN 3-9808157-0-6 .
  7. ↑ Formation of the landscape . Nature park administration Märkische Schweiz
  8. ↑ Natural area Märkische Schweiz . Local action group Märkische Schweiz e. V.
  9. ↑ 3450-306 Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  10. ^ Leopold von Ledebur: Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy . Rauh, 1856, pp. 196-197; Text archive - Internet Archive
  11. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN  1860-2436 , pp. 134, 197 f.
  12. ↑ The certificate is also contained in the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis and can be viewed on the Internet, see: Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . First main part, Volume XII. Berlin 1857, p. 413; Text archive - Internet Archive
  13. ↑ Rudolf Schmidt, p. 214.
  14. ^ Landbuch Karls IV., Original entry, p. 75; Text archive - Internet Archive .
  15. ↑ Text of the land book entry, translated reproduction from: Rudolf Schmidt, p. 211.
  16. ↑ Ernst Fidicin : The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or history of the individual districts, cities, manors, foundations and villages in the same, as a continuation of the land book of Emperor Charles IV: History of the district of Ober-Barnim and the cities, manors, villages located in it etc. Volume 2, Edition 2, Verlag J. Guttentag, Berlin 1858, p. 94.
  17. ^ Rudolf Schmidt, p. 223 ( books.google.de ).
  18. ↑ Rudolf Schmidt. Pp. 211-217, 220.
  19. ^ Heinrich Kaak: Mediation of power in the early modern period. The official tenants of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Sonnenburg in Quilitz and Friedland between 1699 and 1762. In: Herrschaft. Development of power over noble and princely property in the early modern period . Ed .: Martina Schattkowsky , Heinrich Kaak. Volume 4 of the Potsdam studies on the history of rural society . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003 ISBN 978-3-412-05701-5 .
  20. ↑ Local Action Group Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Pritzhagen .
  21. ↑ Rudolf Schmidt, pp. 220-223.
  22. ↑ a b c d Information board of the Oberbarnimer Feldstein route on the history of Pritzhagen in front of the village church, installed in 2012.
  23. ^ House Tornow am See: History
  24. ^ Riding in Berlin and Brandenburg: 30 years of Pritzhagen breeding station . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.reiten-in-berlin.de
  25. ↑ Evangelical parishes in the parish of Haselberg: Historical information on the village church Pritzhagen . ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pfarrsprengel-haselberg.ekbo.de
  26. ^ Field stone church Pritzhagen . Local action group Märkische Schweiz e. V.
  27. ^ Theodor Fontane: Closing words. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg in 8 volumes. Volume 4 Spreeland . Gotthard Erler , Rudolf Mingau (eds.). Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-7466-5704-0 , p. 443 ( the final word in the text log).
  28. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

Coordinates: 52 ° 35 '  N , 14 ° 6'  E