Little Tornowsee

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Little Tornowsee
Kleiner Tornowsee 03.jpg
The Kleine Tornowsee in April 2011
Geographical location Germany , Brandenburg , Märkische Schweiz
Tributaries none
Drain Töpfergraben zum Stobber → Friedländer Strom → Alte Oder → Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße → Oder → Baltic Sea
Location close to the shore Buckow ; nearby village: Pritzhagen
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 34 '45.3 "  N , 14 ° 5' 35.3"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 34 '45.3 "  N , 14 ° 5' 35.3"  E
Little Tornowsee (Brandenburg)
Little Tornowsee
Altitude above sea level 36.7  m above sea level NHN
surface 4 ha
Maximum depth 6.0 m

The Kleine Tornowsee is a 3.97 hectare lake in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park on the boundary of the village of Pritzhagen, a district of the municipality of Oberbarnim in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch-Oderland .

The natural dystrophic waters is located northeast of Buckow , the capital of Brandenburg Switzerland , in the transition zone of the relief strong southeastern Barnim slope to Stobberniederung . At a height of 36.7 meters above sea level. NN on a tertiary soil located, follows the east at a distance of around 250 meters, 17 meters below Large Tornowsee . The Wolfsschlucht , one of the throats of Märkische Schweiz , which has formed an alluvial cone towards the lake, ends above the Kleiner Tornowsee . In 1670, the pottery trench was created to drain the Stobber. In the Natura 2000 network , the lake is part of the FFH area "Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge".

First mentions and etymology

As far as is known, the Kleine Tornowsee was mentioned for the first time in 1300 in a document contained in the regest of the Margraves of Brandenburg from the Ascan family, edited by Hermann Krabbo and Georg Winter and reissued in 1955 . In this document from November 19, 1300, in which Margrave Albrecht III. ( Co-regent ) the Cistercian - Kloster Friedland its total ownership confirmed , it says: [...] item stagna apud prouesthagen iacencia, scilicet magnum et Tornow Tornow paruum; [...]. The lake was therefore owned by the monastery in the High Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era - until the secularization of 1540/46 - and remained largely in the possession of the subsequent rule of Friedland in the following centuries. The prouesthagen mentioned in the document is the old name of Pritzhagen .

In 1804 there was an entry as kl. Tornowsee, great Tornow . The Brandenburg name book refers the name to the old Polish basic form Tornov- = lake, place where the thorn bush grows to torn = thorn, thorn bush .

Geographical location and transport links

The Kleine Tornowsee is located in the southeast corner of the Pritzhagens district , the village itself is around one kilometer northeast. The Stobber flows about five hundred meters below the south bank. To the east of the neighboring Großer Tornowsee, the Pritzhagener Mühle follows the river. In 1994, as part of a large-scale renaturation project, a fish passage was created as a gently sloping ramp with field stone installations. The mill, first mentioned in 1375, is considered the oldest restaurant in Märkische Schweiz. The Stobber also forms the boundary, the area south and east of the river belongs to Buckow . The old Pritzhagener mill is already on Buckower, while the restaurant is still on Pritzhagener territory. The ten or so buildings of the Pritzhagener Wohnplatz Tornow with an old Brandenburg manor house in the center extend on the north bank of the Großer See . Today the special educational "School on Tornowsee" and the "Gästehaus Tornow am See" are located here, which carry out work training and vocational rehabilitation measures as part of the hotel business .

The lake can only be reached on foot. To the road network only Tornow is connected via a branch road through the village injection Hagen north to the national road 34 leads. The state road connects Pritzhagen across the Märkische Schweiz nature park to the west via Bollersdorf to the federal highway 168 and to the northeast via Reichenberg , Ringenwalde and Karlsdorf to the federal highway 167 near Altfriedland . The Märkische Schweiz A930 excursion line travels to the village of Pritzhagen by public transport on both weekends and public holidays from the Strausberg and Seelow train stations .

Geomorphology and hydrology

Barnimhang to the Stobbertal

Geological and geomorphological overview map of Barnim

The lake lies on the edge of the Buckower Kessel, part of the Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber -Rinne ). The glacial melt gutter has in the last two phases of the Weichselian glacial between that of dead ice -filled or break and the Berliner Urstromtal (today Spreetal) emerged and separates the Barnimplatte of the Lebuser plate . The roughly 30-kilometer-long and two to six-kilometer-wide channel drains from the Rotes Luch moorland and headwaters via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree and across the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder .

The southeastern Barnimhang is formed as a compression moraine in the area of ​​the Tornowseen , which during the Saale-age ice advances due to a sometimes strong compression (disturbance) of the older sediments in the Barnim subsoil between the Freienwalder Heights (also known as the Wriezener Höhe) , which are still particularly high today . and the Buckower cauldron was created. In addition to older ice age deposits, large areas of material from the Tertiary were pressed into the compression moraines. The Kleine Tornowsee is located on such a tertiary floe at an altitude of 36.7 meters above sea level. NN - the neighboring large lake to the west is 17 meters deeper, although only around 250 meters away. The area, which is comparatively high in relief by Brandenburg standards, is criss-crossed by deep valleys. The throats, a special feature of Märkische Schweiz, are gorges cut into the southern Barnim slopes by meltwater, which have become larger due to erosion in the gradually warmer climate and are now dry. Above the Kleiner Tornowsee one of the throats, the Wolfsschlucht, extends to below the Dachsberg (106 m above sea level), which is followed to the northwest by the Krugberg , at 129 meters the highest point in Märkische Schweiz. The waters of the Buckow Kessel, including the central 137-hectare Schermützelsee , were created as typical dead ponds by the melting of dead ice and the sagging of the sediment material above .

Wolfsschlucht and Pottery Ditch

→ Main article: Wolfsschlucht

The Kerbtal Wolfsschlucht is 250 meters long and has a height difference of 40 meters. The depth of the throat is an average of twelve meters. As a result of erosion , an approximately 6,500 m² trumpet-shaped alluvial fan was deposited at the exit of the dry valley , which breaks off towards the lake with a step around two meters high. In 1670 the pottery ditch was dug from the south bank of the lake to the Stobber, which is probably identical to the ditch that still exists today. With this measure, the Kleine Tornowsee should be lowered and leveled in order to gain agricultural land. Until the end of the 18th century, hops were grown over the northern shore of the lake . After the decline in hop growing and the difficulties in keeping the area free from flooding, the area was then reforested .

Conservation of nature, flora and fauna

Natura 2000, FFH area, European bird sanctuary

The Kleine Tornowsee is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . Among the ten FFH areas of the Märkische Schweiz nature park for the preservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants, it is assigned to the FFH area "Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge". The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) contains the following description for the 682 hectare area under number 3450-306:

The lake with its forest belt in April 2011
The European mud whip, which is highly endangered in Germany

"Richly structured compression terminal moraine complex with pronounced notch valleys formed in historical forest clearing periods , the dystrophic Small and the eutrophic Great Tornowsee, natural deciduous mixed forests and the natural Sophienfließ ."

- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Profile FFH area Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge.

On the basis of the Council Directive of April 2, 1979 on the conservation of wild birds, the body of water also belongs to the European bird sanctuary "Märkische Schweiz", which has its most distinctive sector in the transition area between the Stobbertal and the Oderbruch in the European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teich- und Seengebiet . The specially designated Stobbertal nature reserve begins south of the lake and runs from the Günther spring near Buckow to the Karlsdorfer ponds .

Plants and plant communities

Among the habitat types, the FFH profile lists the following plant and forest communities : Gorge and mixed slope forests (Code 9180; Tilio-Acerion ), alder-ash and softwood alluvial forests (91E0), bedstraw- oak-hornbeam forests (9170, Galio-Carpinetum ) , Star chickweed oak and hornbeam forests (9160; Stellario-Carpinetum ) and running waters with flooding aquatic vegetation (3260). The Silberkehle has a particularly high proportion of red beech . The richly textured deciduous forest further characterize stalk and sessile oaks , beeches and black locust and the wetter sites elm -, maple and linden species . According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) in Germany , liverworts , yellow anemones , brook herb , meadow primrose and large-flowered balsam can be found on the ground . The rich stocks of dead wood play a special role in ecology .

Animals

According to the Brandenburg Red List , eels and pikeperch are in decline in the Kleiner Tornowsee . Occasionally, pike also live in the water. The main species of fish are carp , barbel , perch , roach , rudd , tench and bleak . The FFH fact sheet also lists the European Loach on the Red List Germany as two highly endangered , in Brandenburg in category 3 endangered is classified.

Roe deer, wild boar and foxes roam the forests as well as raccoon dogs and the neozoa raccoons and minks increasingly since the 2000s . Among the mammals to be protected , the FFH profile lists the otter and the pug bat . Both animals are, according to the Red List in Brandenburg to the endangered species . The Julianenhof Bat Museum to the northeast of the lake provides information about the protection of the rich bat populations in the nature park . In amphibians - Biocenosis the occurrence takes the Northern crested newt a special significance. The newt from the order of the tailed amphibian is strictly protected under the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) and the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive also lists it in Appendix II as a species to be strictly protected , for which specially protected areas must be designated. In Brandenburg it is considered endangered .

The Kleine Tornowsee near Fontane

Theodor Fontane dedicated the chapter The Large and Small Tornow Lakes to the lakes and their surroundings in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg (Volume 2, Oderland, 1863) . After his way through Bollersdorf and Pritzhagen he climbs from Dachsberg, which is 106 meters above the lake, down to the water:

“From the top of the hill one overlooks only the smaller lake; Parts of the trees frame him and restrict the further distance view. [...] Little Tornow is one of those "devil's lakes" that one encounters so often in the Mark, on the slopes of the hills. Her name denotes her character. The water is black, it is surrounded by dark clusters of trees, broad nondurased petals form a rim and the surface remains mirror-smooth, even when the wind blows through the forest. It is as if these dark waters have a special draw into the depths and as if they were more solid and immobile than others. Little Tornow is one of those lakes where legend and fairy tales prefer to linger and tell of princesses who rise out of the dark water on Midsummer Night and sit on the bank with silver roses in their hair, friendly and sad. "

- Theodor Fontane, Walks through Mark Brandenburg, Volume Oderland, 1863

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Kleiner Tornowsee  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b BrandenburgViewer of the state survey and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB)
  2. ↑ Fish science for the angler. F 09 KAV Märkisch Oderland, Strausberg water area. ( Memento from August 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ a b Anglermap: Kleiner Tornowsee .
  4. ↑ The certificate is also contained in the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis and can be viewed on the Internet, see: Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, first main part, Volume XII, Berlin 1857, p. 413
  5. ↑ Brandenburg name book. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg. Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for the History and Culture of East Central Europe. Böhlau, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , pp. 289f; the certificate number at Krabbo / Winter is 1797.
  6. ↑ Natural Park Märkische Switzerland: Fish Ladder Pritzhagener mill .
  7. ↑ Between fins and wings: 4) Pritzhagener Mühle. Flyer of the visitor center Drei Eichen , Buckow, undated (received 2011).
  8. ↑ Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB): By and bus train to the Oder-Spree lake district. ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.7 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / images.vbb.de
  9. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  10. ↑ a b c d LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
  11. ↑ Werner Stackebrandt, Volker Manhenke (Ed.): Atlas for the geology of Brandenburg . State Office for Geosciences and Raw Materials Brandenburg (today: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, LBGR), 2nd edition, 142 pages, 43 maps, Kleinmachnow 2002, ISBN 3-9808157-0-6 .
  12. ↑ Nature Park Administration Märkische Schweiz: Origin of the landscape .
  13. ↑ Bodenwelten: The Wolfsschlucht near Pritzhagen . ( Memento from January 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Nature Park Administration Märkische Schweiz: The Wolfsschlucht .
  15. ↑ a b c 3450-306 Tornowseen - Pritzhagener Berge.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  16. ^ Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Nature Park Märkische Schweiz . Section: Cultural landscape meets wilderness . August 2010 (Flyer).
  17. ↑ [1] ( ZIP ; 20 kB). Red List of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 2009ff. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  18. ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
  19. ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... p. 11
  20. ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin . P. 6. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
  21. ↑ Andreas Krone (Ed.): Der Kammolch (Triturus cristatus). Dissemination, Biology and Protection. RANA special issue 4, Rangsdorf 2001, ISBN 3-9807627-4-2 .
  22. ↑ Klaus-Detlef Kühnel, Andreas Krone, Axel Biehler: Red list and total species list of amphibians and reptiles of Berlin. ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 146 kB) As of December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
  23. ↑ Theodor Fontane, p. 112f.