Rummage
The Stöbber , also called Stobber , is the central flowing water of Brandenburg's Märkische Schweiz . The stream rises on the North Sea-Baltic Sea watershed , so that it has two directions of flow and mouths. Its apex area with the pseudobifurcation is 48 m above sea level. NN in the Rotes Luch moorland .
course
The Stöbber flows through the glacial Buckower gutter , in their apex region, the fen Red Luch arose.
The 25.8 km long north-eastern main part flows from the Roten Luch through Buckow , the capital of the Märkische Schweiz, to the Oderbruch . Behind Altfriedland it flows into the Alte Oder , which is also called the Quappendorfer Canal above the Stöbber estuary , and below the Friedlander Strom . Via the Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße and the Oder , your water finally reaches the Stettiner Haff of the Baltic Sea .
The headwaters and the entire northeastern part of the Stöbber are located in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park . The Stobbertal nature reserve is also designated for around 13 kilometers of its course . The largely natural and renatured stream, which loses 43 meters in height in its 25.8 kilometers long course, plays an important role in the biodiversity of the protected areas. The heraldic animal of the nature park, the common wedge maiden , which is highly endangered in Germany , also finds an ideal habitat in the oxygen-rich and moving water of the Stöbber.
The shorter south-western part is called Stöbberbach and after around ten kilometers flows into the Löcknitz , which flows into the Dämeritzsee of the Spree and thus drains over the Havel and Elbe into the North Sea. Until the 19th century this watercourse was called Köpernitz .
Surname
In the literature and on maps there are different ways of writing: Stöbber , Stobber , Stobberow and Stobbergraben. All official maps and the ecological information of the State Environment Agency use the spelling with ö . The Slavic word Stobberow stands for 'grid', 'picket fences'. Until 1801, Julianenhof (district of Märkische Höhe ; former Vorwerk von Reichenberg ) was called after the river Stobberow . According to the German water names book is Stobberow feminine Stöbber and Stobber masculine.
The first known mention of the river comes from 1245 as fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur . In 1253 there is the name super Stobravam , in 1305 the entry Stobero and in 1472 the great Stobberow . In his statistical-topographical description of the Kurmark Brandenburg (Volume 1) from 1788, August Heinrich von Borgstede uses the name Stobberow-Fließ . Even in 1843 the original table sheet of the Kingdom of Prussia still recorded the designation Stobberow . Even in 1952, the name can still be found on an official topographic map. Accordingly, today's designation Stobber or Stöbber is classified as a younger form of cadastre .
The original name form Stobberow is assigned to the old Polish basic form Stoborov- to stobor = grid, garden fence (cf. old Polish steber and Serbian-Church Slavonic stoborž = column ). Reinhard E. Fischer notes that the appellative stobor is now only represented in South Slavonic , but there are comparative names in Polish such as the water name Stobierna or the place name Stobrawa . The evidence from the year 1253 could also point to an old Polish basic form Stobrava ; the suffix -ava occurs mainly in old water names.
River sections and fish ladders
Due to the steep gradient of the river, which loses 43 meters in height over 25 kilometers, there were numerous water mills on the northeastern Stobber . In the course of renaturation measures in the 1990s, eight barrages in the mills were made passable again for migrating fish species.
From the Roten Luch via Waldsieversdorf to Buckow
At the northeast exit of the Rote Luchs, the Stöbber touches the southeast corner of the species-rich nature reserve Tiergarten , a biotope with near-natural forest communities in a lowland area, and flows on to Waldsieversdorf . In the village the stream flows between the fish ponds and has already lost 10 meters at a height of around 38 meters. At the former Priestermühle (now a fishery) and Margaretenquelle spring the Kreuzfließ flows in from the right , which comes from the carp pond and the Großer Däbersee . After Waldsieversdorf the Stobber leaves the nature reserve Gartzsee , a typical intermediate moor , on the left and reaches the former Seifertsche Mühle (today workshop) through swampy forest area . The mill building, the mill pond and some mill wheels of the mill that was built as a water mill on the Stobber in 1574 are still there. When it flows through the 28-meter-high Abendrothsee , which lies in front of the Schermützelsee in the southeast, the Stöbber has lost another 10 meters in altitude and thus, after only around a fifth of its total run, has already lost almost half of its total gradient of 43 meters. After exiting the Abendrothsee in the northeast, the Stöbber reaches the first houses in Buckow, where the Schwarzer See drainage ditch flows into it approximately at the level of the Buckow train station .
The river crosses under Berliner Straße and reaches Buckowsee , which is 25.5 meters high . In the lake it absorbs the water of the Sophienfließ , which had previously flowed into the Schermützelsee and, under the name Werderfließ, connects the Schermützel with the Buckowsee. The Stöbber also leaves Buckowsee in the northeast and passes under Wriezener Strasse in the center of Buckow at the Stadtmühlenbrücke, where the Stobbermühle restaurant is located. The water wheel at the former town mill was part of a water-powered electrical plant that was located in today's Parktheater, one of the oldest houses in Buckow. In 1993 a fish ladder was built at the weir of the Stobbermühle to enable the fish to overcome the 1.60 meter high barrage. After crossing the Buckow Castle Park and the Griepensee , which is 24 meters high, the river continues to the northeast and bends to the east at the last houses in the city just before the Günther spring at 23 meters. The Swiss House nature park visitor center is located at the iron-bearing spring named after the son of Countess Luise von Itzenplitz zu Pritzhagen and Bollersdorf .
Through the NSG Stobbertal to the Oderbruch
The 884 hectare Stobbertal nature reserve begins at the Stöbberbrücke near the Günther spring and stretches for around 13 kilometers along the river to the B 167 north of the Karlsdorfer Teiche near Altfriedland. The NSG is also designated as an FFH area , including with regard to the small river mussel as an FFH species that is particularly worthy of protection according to Annex II . In the moving and oxygen-rich water of this Stöbber section, the common wedge maiden, the heraldic animal of the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park, finds ideal conditions for laying eggs.
After exiting the Buckow basin at the Günther spring, the river, which is particularly natural here, meanders through the remains of alluvial forests and wetlands to the east. Immediately to the north, the slopes of the 106 meter high Dachsberg or the 88 meter high Silberberg and Kehlen (gorges) fall like the Silberkehle to the river valley. The Stöbber passes south of the Kleiner and Großer Tornowsee , whose water it takes in via a drainage ditch. After a south bend around the Ziegenhals, it reaches the Pritzhagener Mühle east of the Großer Tornowsee, where a fish pass was created as a gently sloping ramp with built-in stone in 1994 as part of a large-scale renaturation project. The fish that want to migrate upstream into the lakes of the Buckower Kessel have been able to overcome the 1.40 meter high barrage again. Mentioned for the first time in 1375 and rebuilt in 1650 after its destruction in the Thirty Years' War, the mill was licensed by the king in 1827 and is considered the oldest restaurant in Märkische Schweiz.
After the mill, the Höllenbach (also: Hell) flows from the north and about a kilometer further downstream the Mühlenfließ, which drains the two Klobich lakes in the adjacent nature reserve Klobichsee to the Stöbber. In an increasingly swampy area, the stream on the northern edge of the Hermersdorfer Forest reaches the Eichendorfer Mühle (now a residential building and therapy center) at a height of around 16 meters. An existing drainage ditch was used for the 2.40 meter high fish pass, which is created here as a bypass channel with a cascade-like perforation. The mill stopped grinding in 1663 and was then operated as a wood cutting mill. It is named after its builder Peter von Eykendorff from the noble Eichendorff family. Probably the best-known representative of the family, the romantic poet and writer Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff , was often to visit the mill. The river now turns to the northeast again, a direction it maintains until the mouth. It flows through the extensive forests of the Ringenwalder Heide in the municipality of Märkische Höhe to the Lapenower Mühle south of the Dolgensee , which came into the possession of the von Pfuel in 1613 and is now a trout farm.
In Altfriedland through a European bird sanctuary to the estuary
The further course leads the river east past the Karlsdorfer ponds to the dam mill on the B 167 in Altfriedland, which was blown up by German troops in 1945. The building, first mentioned in a document as Alebrandsmühle in 1300 , has been called Damm-Mühle since the 16th century, when the first large dams were built against the Oder floods. The nature park administration writes about the fish ladder at the mill:
“The weir of the Damm-Mühle was the lowest obstacle in the Stöbber that prevented fish from climbing from the Oder and Alte Oder into the water system of Märkische Schweiz. With the help of fish ladders, these barrages will be made passable again. The 'rough ramp' created here causes the water to flow at high speeds due to the steep slope. In terms of construction, the gradient is therefore broken up by means of offset field stones. At the same time, quiet zones are created behind larger stones and near the bottom for the fish. "
At the Stöbberbrücke a memorial stone reminds of the demolition of the mill, opposite is the natural monument Napoleon Oak . Here the river has already left the plateau of Märkische Schweiz. Altfriedland belongs to the edge of the Oderbruch and is located on a tongue of land that has pushed itself between the Klostersee of the Cistercian nuns of the Friedland Monastery and the Kietzer See , or today as a strip of land separates the Klostersee from the Kietzer See. The Stöbber flows, partly channeled here, on the eastern edge of the strip of land parallel to fish ponds that were created in the Kietzer See. The pond area is designated as a European bird sanctuary (SPA) ( European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teich- und Seengebiet ), a bird observation pulpit right next to the Stobber at the northern exit of Altfriedland offers a good view of rare bird species such as kingfisher, sea eagle and osprey, black stork and, in the appropriate time of year, for resting Nordic geese. At the northern end of Lake Kietze, the Stobber bends east for a short short stretch and joins the Quappendorfer Canal to the Friedländer Strom just above the northern shore of the lake at a height of around 5 meters .
Flora and fauna
Fish and mollusks
Due to the protection and renaturation measures, there are now 20 species of fish in the water - especially in the Stobbertal nature reserve between the Pritzhagener and Eichendorfer mills (as of 2010). These include the bitterling , which is severely endangered according to the Red List in Brandenburg , which finds the mussels necessary for its reproduction in the predominantly sandy bottom of the river . The brook loaches, which are also endangered in Brandenburg, and the wolffish , who prefer slow-flowing streams, rivers and stagnant water with clear, oxygen-rich water, are back at home in the Stobber. Furthermore , the nocturnal mud whip , which is classified as endangered in Brandenburg, and the gudgeon about 10 cm, rarely over 15 cm , which is no longer considered endangered, swim here . Since they serve as hosts for the life cycle of the small river mussel stocks, which are particularly worthy of protection according to the Habitats Directive , the occurrence of the chub plays a major role in the ecosystem.
Other animals
The European pond turtles and otters , which are threatened with extinction in Brandenburg according to the Red List, and the endangered water shrew are other inhabitants in and around the water. Elbe beavers are now so numerous again that they occasionally cause problems with their buildings. In 2011, beavers in Waldsieversdorf blocked the flow of the stobber to a breeding tank with a dam and caused the trout to die. In addition to the common wedge damsel, the heraldic animal of the nature park, numerous other dragonfly species are represented on the Stobber. In the entire nature park, 14 bat species were counted, including the water bat , the brown long-eared bat , which is endangered in Brandenburg, and the pug bat , which is threatened with extinction . Birds include: black and white stork , red and black kite , snipe , honey buzzard , white- tailed eagle , crane , black and middle woodpecker , gray wagtail , hoopoe and kingfisher . Also, Green Sandpiper and Sperbergrasmücke attest to the quality and diversity of habitats. In autumn, up to 40,000 bean geese and white-fronted geese from Northern Europe rest in the almost 300 hectare pond area of Altfriedland . Common terns , laughing gulls and herring gulls , cormorants and grebes use the artificial islands that were built in the lake as breeding aids.
plants
The nature park administration classifies the meadow and forest landscapes as particularly worthy of protection, with many sections reaching up to the river. The richly textured deciduous forest with after bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV) in Germany specially protected liverworts and yellow anemones , Bach herb , Wiesenprimel and Großblütigem Balsam characterize hornbeam , stalk and sessile oaks , beeches and black locust . Elm , maple and linden species as well as red beech thrive in the more humid locations . The rich stocks of dead wood play a special role in ecology . In the bark , in wood , in Baummulm in tree hollows and in special structures such as juice rivers , ant nests or burns communities arise from animals and plants , many of which on dead wood dependent and on the Red List of the extinction are represented endangered species. Roe deer, wild boar and foxes roam the forests as well as raccoon dogs and the neozoa raccoons and minks increasingly since the 2000s .
literature
- Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. The most beautiful hiking and cycling tours. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930388-21-9 .
- A new bed for the wedge maid and stairs for fish. The renaturation of the Stobber ensures biodiversity. In: Adebar. 20 years of the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park (PDF file; 2.2 MB). Ed .: State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Nature Park Märkische Schweiz. Buckow, September 2010, p. 5, no ISBN.
- Topographic leisure map 1: 25,000 Märkische Schweiz. Ed .: Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg, Potsdam edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-7490-4070-4 .
Web links
- LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: The stobber .
Individual evidence
- ↑ River directory gewnet25 (Version 4.0, April 24, 2014) from the Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on May 4, 2015.
- ↑ Nature Park Management Märkische Schweiz Der Stöbber.
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part II 1998 Brandenburg State Environment Agency, p. 208, accessed on November 3, 2018, at: lugv.brandenburg.de (PDF, German, 5.55 MB).
- ^ Travel and traffic map of the GDR 1: 200,000, sheet 5, 1979: Stobberow
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Schmettausche Karte: Stobbergraben
- ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, p. 164, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN 1860-2436
- ^ Greule, Albrecht, Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch , DeGruyter, 2014, hardback, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 , PDF ISBN 978-3-11-033859-1
- ^ [1] Entries in the Roten Luch and southeast of Alt Friedland
- ↑ With the exception of the entries by Borgstede and the Urmeßtischblatt, the mentions come from certificates or documents contained in volumes XII and XX of the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . All information from: Brandenburg name book. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg . Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer. Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for History and Culture of East Central Europe. V. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, p. 276, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0
- ^ A b c Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Nature Park Märkische Schweiz . Section: stairs for fish . August 2010 (Flyer).
- ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... pp. 37, 41, 45, 74
- ↑ Märkische Schweiz. The rubber way. Adventure trail through the black alder quarry. (Flyer; PDF file; 394 kB).
- ↑ Märkische Schweiz. Waldsieversdorfer water world . (Flyer; PDF file; 2.4 MB) See No. 10: Stobbermühle water wheel .
- ↑ Märkische Schweiz Nature Park: Fischpass Stadtmühle .
- ↑ Nature show game. Brandenburg's visitor centers: Swiss House Nature Park Visitor Center . ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ordinance on the establishment of nature reserves and a landscape protection area of central importance as the "Märkische Schweiz" nature park . September 12, 1990 (Journal of the GDR 1990, SDr. 1479). (Continuing law.) (PDF file; 50 kB) See § 4.1: Stobbertal nature reserve .
- ↑ A new bed for the wedge maiden and stairs for fish. The renaturation of the Stobber ensures biodiversity. In: …
- ↑ Erosion gorges are referred to as throats in Märkische Schweiz , see for example: Märkische Naturfotos: throats and gorges .
- ↑ Natural Park Märkische Switzerland: Fish Ladder Pritzhagener mill .
- ↑ Between fins and wings: 4) Pritzhagener Mühle. Flyer of the visitor center Drei Eichen , Buckow, undated (received 2011).
- ↑ Natural Park Märkische Switzerland: Fish Ladder Eihendorfer mill .
- ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... p. 51f
- ^ Leopold von Ledebur: Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy . Rauh, 1856, p. 196.
- ↑ Märkische Schweiz Nature Park: The Damm Mill .
- ↑ Märkische Schweiz Nature Park: Fish Pass Damm-Mühle .
- ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... pp. 64f, 69f.
- ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
- ↑ Beaver causes trout death . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , August 2011.
- ↑ Between fins and wings flyer of the visitor center Drei Eichen , Buckow, undated (received 2011).
- ^ Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Nature Park Märkische Schweiz . Section: petrol station for birds . August 2010 (Flyer).
- ^ Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection, Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Nature Park Märkische Schweiz . Section: Cultural landscape meets wilderness . August 2010 (Flyer).
- ^ Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. ... p. 11
