Neuhardenberg

Basic data
State :	Brandenburg
County :	Märkisch-Oderland
Office :	Neuhardenberg
Height :	12 m above sea level NHN
Area :	78.13 km 2
Residents:	2778 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	36 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	15320
Primaries :	033476, 033477 (Wulkow)
License plate :	MOL, FRW, SEE, SRB
Community key :	12 0 64 340
Community structure:	Main municipality and 3 districts
Office administration address:	Karl-Marx-Allee 72 ; 15320 Neuhardenberg
Website :	www.amt-neuhardenberg.de
Mayor :	Mario Eska
Location of the community Neuhardenberg in the district of Märkisch-Oderland

Panorama Neuhardenberg Castle

Neuhardenberg (originally Quilitz , 1949-1990 Marxwalde ) is an official municipality in the state of Brandenburg in the district of Märkisch-Oderland . The municipality is the seat of the office of the same name .

Community structure

According to its main statute, the Neuhardenberg community includes the following districts in addition to the main town of Neuhardenberg with the inhabited district of Bärwinkel :

Altfriedland with the inhabited parts of the municipality Altfriedland, Gottesgabe , Karlsdorf and Neufriedland
Quappendorf with the inhabited parts of the municipality Quappendorf and Neufeld
Wulkow near Trebnitz with the inhabited part of the municipality Wulkow

There are also the Koppel, Lupinenhof and Schlaanhof residential areas .

history

From the first mention in the 14th century to 1811

The place was first mentioned in 1348 as Quilicz (later also Quilitz ). Around 1480 there were at least three manors in Quilitz. The names of Pfuel , von Schapelow and von Beerfelde have been handed down . In 1681, Electress Dorothea von Brandenburg , the second wife of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm , the Great Elector, bought the manors destroyed in the Thirty Years' War for her descendants. After Quilitz was in the possession of her eldest son, Margrave Albrecht Friedrich von Brandenburg-Schwedt , Quilitz fell to the Prussian crown in 1762 with the death of his son, Margrave Karl Albrecht von Brandenburg-Schwedt , who died without a son entitled to inheritance back. In 1763, Quilitz was given as a donation by King Friedrich II of Prussia to his savior in the battle of Kunersdorf (1759), the cavalry master of the Zieten Hussars and later general of the cavalry Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz . A major fire destroyed more than half the town on June 9, 1801, which was why it was rebuilt according to plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel .

Quilitz becomes Neuhardenberg

Ten years later, on October 26, 1811, Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhard von Prittwitz , son of General von Prittwitz, sold Quilitz to the Prussian crown for 303,715 Reichstaler and acquired goods in Silesia. Three years later there was another royal donation for the place. This time the goods Quilitz and Alt-Rosental and the Lietzen Commandery went to State Chancellor Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg (1750-1822), who then had Quilitz renamed Neu-Hardenberg .

Neuhardenberg in the 20th century with temporary renaming

During the time of National Socialism , members of the German resistance against Hitler met repeatedly in Neuhardenberg Castle . After the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944 , the Gestapo in Neuhardenberg arrested the squire Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg a few days later, who initially tried to evade arrest by suicide in the library of the palace, but he did not succeed. Von Hardenberg was taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where he survived the war. Hardenberg was expropriated by the National Socialists because of his membership in the German resistance. After the land reform , which confirmed his expropriation, he moved to relatives in Lower Saxony and was one of the co-founders of the relief organization July 20, 1944.

After World War II, the place on 1 May 1949, by decision of the municipal council of 19 February 1949 in honor of Karl Marx in Marxwalde renamed.

In 1952 the Marxwalder LPG was founded and in 1954/55 it was transformed into a socialist model village . The NVA moved into the outskirts in 1957 with a garrison and the 44 Transport Air Wing. Since 1960 the fighter wing 8 of the LSK / LV was stationed at the airfield .

The place Marxdorf is only 18 kilometers away , but its name is explained by a different etymology (first mentioned in 1244 as Marquardestorp ).

Renamed Neuhardenberg and its castle

After the political change in 1989/90, the place was renamed Neuhardenberg on January 1, 1991 (without a hyphen). The local council under Mayor Burkhard Lier voted in favor of this renaming because "the main aim was to eliminate old injustices".

In 1996, after the Neuhardenberg Castle was transferred back to the von Hardenberg family, they sold it to the German Savings Banks and Giro Association . A year later, the restoration of the castle and the entire area began. The palace park was redesigned and the monument to Friedrich II restored. On May 8, 2002, the inauguration took place in the presence of the then Federal President Johannes Rau . Since then it has been operated as a high-standard hotel and event location. In 2003 and 2004, for example, the castle served as a place for closed meetings of the federal government .

Administrative history and incorporations

Church of the former Friedland Monastery in Altfriedland

Neuhardenberg belonged to the district of Lebus in the province of Brandenburg since 1817 and from 1952 to the district of Seelow in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) . The municipality has been in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch-Oderland since 1993.

On May 1, 1998, the municipalities of Altfriedland and Wulkow and on October 26, 2003 the municipality of Quappendorf were incorporated into the municipality of Neuhardenberg .

Although Quappendorf's lawsuit against the forced incorporation was rejected by the Brandenburg State Constitutional Court, the former municipality (with the support of all municipalities and their districts of the Neuhardenberg Office ) decided to bring an action against it before the Federal Constitutional Court , but was ultimately unsuccessful again because the constitutional complaint was not up for a decision was accepted.

Population development

year	Residents
1875	1 623
1890	1 481
1910	1 274
1925	1 293
1933	1 237
1939	1 182
1946	1 423
1950	1 573
1964	1 925
1971	2,684

year	Residents
1981	3 305
1985	3 720
1989	3 742
1990	3 710
1991	3,572
1992	3,495
1993	3 422
1994	3 457
1995	3 363
1996	3 314

year	Residents
1997	3,079
1998	3,500
1999	3,286
2000	3,073
2001	2 964
2002	2,993
2003	3 035
2004	3 016
2005	2,924
2006	2,888

year	Residents
2007	2,840
2008	2,771
2009	2,698
2010	2,672
2011	2,464
2012	2 451
2013	2,479
2014	2 583
2015	2 715
2016	2,617

year	Residents
2017	2,651
2018	2,714
2019	2,778

Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census

politics

Community representation

The community council consists of 14 community representatives and the honorary mayor.

Party / group of voters	Seats
The left	6th
Active for Neuhardenberg	5
Individual applicant Dieter Arndt	1
SPD	1
NPD	1

(As of: local election on May 26, 2019)

Dieter Arndt's share of the vote corresponds to three seats. Therefore, according to § 48 (6) of the Brandenburg Local Election Act, two seats in the municipal council remain vacant.

mayor

1990-1993: Burkhard Lier
1994-2004: Albert Lipfert (SPD)
2004–2014: Mario Eska
2014–2019: Detlef Korbanek
since 2019: Mario Eska

Eska was elected in the mayoral election on June 16, 2019 with 59.4% of the valid votes for a term of five years.

badges and flags

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on September 8, 1997.

Blazon : “Half split and divided; Field 1: in silver a silver-armored, red-tongued black boar head, field 2: in red a silver Johanniterkreuz, field 3: in five rows of black and gold pods. "

flag

The flag consists of three horizontal stripes in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 in the colors red-yellow-red with the coat of arms in the middle.

Partner municipality

The partner municipality has been the Lower Rhine town of Hamminkeln since 1990 .

Buildings

Neuhardenberg Castle

The list of architectural monuments in Neuhardenberg contains all registered architectural monuments of the state of Brandenburg for this location. Neuhardenberg is a member of the working group “Historic Village Centers in the State of Brandenburg” .

lock

A well-known building is Neuhardenberg Castle . From 1785–1790, Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz had a castle built in place of the margravial office building, a single-storey three-wing complex with a high mansard roof. 1820–1822 Prince Karl August von Hardenberg had Schinkel convert the castle into a two-storey, classicist country castle; the mansard roof became an upper floor and a stone balustrade surrounded the roof, the central projection was crowned by two eagles flanking the Hardenberg family coat of arms. In 1852 the roof balustrade was removed again because the roof drainage did not work and the central projection was given a triangular gable. After the end of the Second World War, the castle served as a school until 1975. In the 1980s it served as a district culture academy, i.e. a further training facility for those interested in culture.

Schinkel Church

Neuhardenberg received a church in the classical style from 1802-1809 including the remains of the burned-out baroque village church according to a plan by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . The Wriezen master builder Neubarth carried out the work. After the State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg received the Quilitz as a gift in 1814, Schinkel was also commissioned to redesign the interior of the church. The new interior was inaugurated in 1817 on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Reformation . After Hardenberg's death in 1823, a mausoleum designed by Schinkel for the state chancellor in the form of a Doric temple was built on the east wall of the church ; his heart is buried in the altar of the church at his request. Adjacent to the mausoleum is a cemetery, where the Chancellor's descendants are buried. In 1991 the urn of Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg, who died in Frankfurt am Main in 1958, was transferred here. The grave slabs for Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz, the owner of the former Quilitz and later Neuhardenberg, and for his wife can still be found in the church.

More Attractions

Exhibition building and Schinkel Church

Monument to King Friedrich II. D. Size in the castle garden: designed in 1792 by Johann Wilhelm Meil (1733–1805) and executed by the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Martini from Lucca; shows Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz and Gaffron and his wife, dressed as Mars and Minerva, mourning at the urn of Frederick II. It is the first monument to Frederick II and was erected only 6 years after his death.

Monument to Friedrich II.

Two memorial stones from 1995 at the location of the Wulkow subcamp of the Theresienstadt concentration camp to commemorate the suffering of the Jewish prisoners: on the road between Hermersdorf and Wulkow , as well as at the Wulkow exit towards Neuhardenberg
Karl Marx bust at the western end of the village green. It was inaugurated on May 5, 1988, after the political change in 1989, when it fell from its pedestal. In 1993 it was solemnly erected again on the initiative of the PDS .
Memorial stone at Neuhardenberg airfield for nine former residents of Neuhardenberg who were killed when a Tu-154 of the German air force collided with an American military transporter off the coast of Namibia on September 13, 1997 (see: Airplane collision off Namibia 1997 ).
Quappen hiking trail from Neuhardenberg to Quappendorf

Economy and Infrastructure

In the GDR era, the focus was on agriculture . Vegetables and rye were grown on the barren soil, and 400 farmers worked in the LPG plant production. After the fall of the Wall, the farmers' estates were reprivatised and a few continued to produce vegetables and grain. A construction company was founded, in which the various craftsmen got a job. The former wood processing company, specializing in the large-scale production of garden tool handles, now manufactures windows. The new offers are aimed at tourists who want to enjoy the landscape or visit the castle. In the 21st century there is a duck breeding and fattening facility in the village.

traffic

Neuhardenberg is on federal highway 167 between Wriezen and Seelow .

Neuhardenberg Airport is located near Neuhardenberg and is still in use. In 2012, the Neuhardenberg solar park was built on the airfield and the former barracks in just five weeks on 240 hectares , where the first electric Porsche Taycan was presented to the public in 2019 . With 145 MWp , this system was the largest solar park in Germany when it was commissioned.

Education, culture and sport

Up until 2001 there were two schools in what is now the district, the Marchlewski School at the Castle, which was demolished in 2001, and the Friedrich Engels School (elementary school at Windmühlenberg since 2006) , which now accepts all elementary school students from the Neuhardenberg Office. A helicopter landing pad for the guests of the castle hotel was built on the site of the former school.

The Neuhardenberg Night has been established as a regular event since 2002 and is attended by several thousand people. Many aviation enthusiasts meet for air shows at the adjacent airfield. There the airfield museum has created a new domicile in the area of the former 2nd squadron of JG-8 . A decommissioned military aircraft ( MiG-21 ) and many other small parts from military stocks are exhibited here. A Mi-8T helicopter was added in November 2010, but has not yet been exhibited due to restoration work. Another highlight is a military aircraft ( MiG-21 ) acquired in 2013 , which was made available on permanent loan from the Air Force Museum in Gatow; an airplane that really flew here in the 1980s.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

2007, January 20: Sigmund Jähn (1937–2019), cosmonaut , first German in space , lived in Marxwalde from 1960 to 1978, a memorial plaque was attached to his former home.

2016, September 9: Albert Lipfert (* 1930), long-time mayor of Neuhardenberg

2016, September 9: Christa Starke (* 1936), for her commitment to the Schinkelkirche Neuhardenberg

Sons and daughters of the church

Johann Friedrich Grael (1707–1740), German builder

Personalities associated with Neuhardenberg

Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz (1726–1793), Prussian general of the cavalry, savior of King Frederick II of Prussia in the battle of Kunersdorf
Johann Boehmer (1779-1853), pastor in Quilitz, convened the first school teachers' conference in Prussia in Quilitz in 1811
Walter Ruppin (1885–1945), National Socialist politician and functionary, from 1914 a doctor in Neuhardenberg
Ernst Tietze (1887–1967), teacher and local history researcher
Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg (1891–1958), owner of the Neuhardenberg estate, resistance fighter against National Socialism , co-founder of the relief organization July 20, 1944 , Lieutenant Colonel d.R.
Ronny Weller (* 1969), weightlifter, began his athletic career in Marxwalde

literature

in order of appearance

Eckart Rüsch: The building history of Neuhardenberg (Quilitz) 1793-1814. Märkische agricultural art and early works by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 1997. (= Studies on the history of Neuhardenberg, Vol. 1). ISBN 3-932526-18-X .

Ostdeutsche Sparkassenstiftung im Land Brandenburg (ed.): Quilitz, Marxwalde, Neuhardenberg 1348–1998. Testimony to German history and European architecture . Sandstein, Dresden 1998. ISBN 3-930382-22-9 .

Dietbert Lang, Horst Materna: The Neuhardenberg-Marxwalde-Neuhardenberg airfield. From the secret port of operation of the Third Reich to the government airfield of the GDR . Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1998. ISBN 3-922912-44-3 .

Christian and Walburg Kupke: School history of a Brandenburg village in words and pictures . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 1998. (= Studies on the history of Neuhardenberg, Vol. 2). ISBN 3-932526-26-0 .

Annett Gries, Klaus-Peter Hackenberg: Quilitz, Marxwalde, Neuhardenberg. From the grown structure to the designed ensemble - to the history and shape of a Brandenburg cultural landscape . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 1999. (= Studies on the history of Neuhardenberg, Vol. 5). ISBN 3-932526-59-7 .

Dietmar Zimmermann: From the postal history of Neuhardenberg (Marxwalde) and the postal agencies in the Märkisch-Oderland district . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2000. (= studies on the history of Neuhardenberg, vol. 6). ISBN 3-932526-72-4 .

Gerd-Ulrich Herrmann, Fred Nespethal, Ulrich Pfeil: Märkische manors through the ages: Neuhardenberg, Gusow, Friedersdorf and Sonnenburg . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2002. (= studies on the history of Neuhardenberg, vol. 8). ISBN 3-935590-49-0 .

Ernst Wipprecht: Neuhardenberg . In: Freundeskreis locks and gardens of the mark in the German society (Hrsg.): Castles and gardens of the mark . German Society V., Berlin, 4th edition 2008.

Web links

Commons : Neuhardenberg - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and footnotes

↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
↑ Main statute of the Neuhardenberg community of February 5, 2009 PDF
^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Neuhardenberg community
↑ ^a ^b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .

^ ^A ^b Jeanette Bederke: Als Neuhardenberg Marxwalde was called in: Lausitzer Rundschau , Länder, April 17, 2018 p. 4, accessed on April 17, 2018

↑ ^a ^b ^c Rainer Stephan: It's not just about a new name. Marxwalde facing major economic problems / tourism should serve as a way out. In: Berliner Zeitung from 4./5. August 1990, page 14

^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998

^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003

^ A village offers resistance , Märkische Allgemeine , June 24, 2006, p. 5

^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland . Pp. 26-29

↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7

^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)

^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019

↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 48

↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 26

^ Result of the mayoral election on June 15, 2014

↑ Section 73 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act

^ Result of the mayoral election on June 16, 2019

↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg

↑ Flag information from the main statute of the municipality