Lebus

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Lebus
Lebus
Map of Germany, position of the city of Lebus highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '  N , 14 ° 32'  E

Basic data
State : Brandenburg
County : Märkisch-Oderland
Office : Lebus
Height : 20 m above sea level NHN
Area : 54.29 km 2
Residents: 3124 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 58 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 15326
Area code : 033604
License plate : MOL, FRW, SEE, SRB
Community key : 12 0 64 268
City structure: 3 districts
Office administration address: Breite Strasse 1
15326 Lebus
Website : www.amt-lebus.de
Mayor : Peter Heinl (independent)
Location of the city of Lebus in the district of Märkisch-Oderland
Altlandsberg Alt Tucheband Bad Freienwalde Beiersdorf-Freudenberg Bleyen-Genschmar Bliesdorf Buckow Falkenberg Falkenhagen Fichtenhöhe Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf Garzau-Garzin Golzow Gusow-Platkow Heckelberg-Brunow Höhenland Hoppegarten Küstriner Vorland Lebus Letschin Lietzen Lindendorf Märkische Höhe Müncheberg Neuenhagen bei Berlin Neuhardenberg Neulewin Neutrebbin Oberbarnim Oderaue Petershagen/Eggersdorf Podelzig Prötzel Rehfelde Reichenow-Möglin Reitwein Rüdersdorf bei Berlin Seelow Strausberg Treplin Vierlinden Waldsieversdorf Wriezen Zechin Zeschdorf Brandenburgmap
About this picture

Lebus ( ləˈbu: s ) is an official small town in the southeast of the Märkisch-Oderland district in Brandenburg . The city is the seat of the administration of the Lebus Office .

geography

Lebus is located in the state of Lebus , named after the village , on the central Oder, about ten kilometers north of Frankfurt (Oder) . It borders in the north on the municipality of Lindendorf ( Amt Seelow-Land ) and on the communities Podelzig and Reitwein (Amt Lebus), in the east on the Polish Voivodeship Lebus , in the south on the independent city of Frankfurt (Oder), in the southwest on the municipality Treplin (Lebus office), in the west to the municipality of Zeschdorf (Lebus office) and the Fichtenhöhe municipality (Seelow-Land office).

City structure

According to its main statute, the city of Lebus consists of the inhabited districts

Districts within the meaning of § 45 ff. Of the municipal constitution of the state of Brandenburg are Mallnow, Schönfließ and Wulkow. Elisenberg, Elisenheim, Lindenhof, Unterkrug and Wilhelmshof are designated as living spaces.

history

middle Ages

Lebus was a Polish diocese and town founded on the left bank of the Oder, which was eventually subject to the German rival Frankfurt .

Until Frankfurt (Oder) was founded in 1253, Lebus was the undisputed center of the Lebus countryside of the same name . The city lies on a ridge 500 m long and 50-100 m wide, which also bears the remains of old fortifications and is divided into the Turmberg, the Schlossberg and the Pletschenberg by transverse channels. These are already referred to as upper, middle and lower castle in a partition treaty from 1249.

Already from the younger Bronze Age around 1000 BC. First traces of settlement can be found in the 3rd century BC, which extended over the entire mountain. These traces of settlement were strengthened and fortified in the early Iron Age. However, these systems were used in the middle of the 1st century BC Abandoned BC.

After the Germanic tribes left in the migration , a new fortification was made by the immigrating Slavs by the beginning of the 9th century at the latest . The main castle of the Leubuzzi tribe , the easternmost tribe of the Wilzen , who settled to the left and right of the Oder and were to give this country their name , was probably built here . Since then the name of the castle has been passed down as Lubus , Lebuz or Lebus . It is believed that the name can be traced back to that of the Wilzen prince Liubus, who had suzerainty over the Wilzen tribes at the beginning of the 9th century. Around 925 the castle was probably destroyed again by disputes within the tribe.

Before the year 1000 Lebus was rebuilt and reinforced by the Polish ruler Mieszko I or his son Bolesław Chrobry . From then on Lebus belonged to the Piast state for two and a half centuries and exercised a dominant role over the traffic routes that crossed here, as the best ford of the Oder by far was located here.

Bolesław III. Schiefmund founded the Diocese of Lebus in 1125 , which was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Gniezno . The seat of the diocese was Lebus, which received a cathedral church. It was dedicated to Saint Adalbert of Prague and was probably located on Castle Hill. Saint Adalbert stood for the pagan mission of the Piast state, for which the diocese was obviously intended.

Since 1138 Lebus was in the possession of the Silesian Piasts and through the policy of Henry I “the Bearded” temporarily came to Greater Poland . Heinrich I also granted the town town charter in 1226 or earlier. The castle was probably destroyed during the fighting that followed. When Mieszko , the son of Henry II “the pious”, died in 1241 or 1242 , he was not buried in the grave church of the dynasty in the Leubus monastery , but in St. Peter's Church below the castle.

In the middle of the 13th century, Ascanians took control of Lebus as Margraves of Brandenburg , ruled it from 1249/50 as a condominium together with the Archbishop of Magdeburg and had been the sole masters of the castle and of Lebus from 1287. However, they hardly supported the city anymore, but instead founded the city of Frankfurt in competition with it in 1253 , which quickly made Lebus insignificant and in 1354 fell to the bishop. The bishopric, in turn, was relocated to Göritz (Oder) (today Górzyca ) as early as 1276 ; in the 14th century, St. Peter's Church with the grave of Henry II below Lebus Castle served as the cathedral church. In 1373 the seat of the bishop went to Fürstenwalde / Spree with the seat of the bishop , even if the diocese kept the name Lebus until the secularization . After the battle of Müllrose on April 10, 1432, Lebus, which had already been greatly reduced in importance, was plundered and completely destroyed on April 14 by a division of the Hussite army of approx .

Modern times

In 1555 the diocese was secularized . Since then the castle also fell into disrepair, in 1589 and 1631 most of the buildings burned down, and in 1713 the last fixed towers as well. In 1765 the remains were removed. The settlement has also had a village character since the 18th century.

Evangelical town church

The term “Lubusz Land” lives on to this day in the name of the neighboring Polish Voivodeship of Lubusz (województwo lubuskie) .

Towards the end of the Second World War in 1945, Lebus was almost completely destroyed in the fighting in the course of the Battle of the Seelow Heights and rebuilt in the 1950s / 1960s. Among other things, the Volkssturm battalion 7/108 “ Franconia ” was deployed in the spring of 1945 on the Oder front between Frankfurt (Oder), which was declared a fortress , and the city of Lebus.

Until about the mid-1970s there was a research center of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR on the Burgberg. The prehistorian Wilhelm Unverzagt had already carried out scientific excavations from 1938 to 1943 as director of the Berlin Museum for Prehistory and Early History on Burgberg and other castle walls such as Lossow , Reitwein or Zantoch . He pushed this further with the research center.

On June 27, 1977 a misdirected bath express train of the Reichsbahn and a freight train collided in the railway accident in Lebus . The accident killed 29 people.

In August 2003, the largest Late Bronze Age find was made in the Oder region in Lebus. The bronze port from Lebus Castle Hill is shown to the public in the Brandenburg State Archaeological Museum in Brandenburg an der Havel . More than 100 bronze axes of different categories and origins have been secured.

During excavations on the castle hill in October 2009, surprisingly, a grave with four people buried at the same time was found just a few meters south of the cathedral. A reference to the cathedral cemetery could be ruled out, as traces of settlement were found between the cathedral and the grave. However, there was a reference to a former defensive border, which was indicated by an accumulation of crossbow bolts and an older section trench. Late Slavic and early German ceramics as well as weapon accessories and a traditional costume were recovered from the grave itself. The four young men all had unhealed cuts to the skulls from edged weapons; two of the injuries were certain to be fatal. Therefore, it could be concluded with great certainty that the individuals died in a fight. Due to the recovered finds, the burial was narrowed down to the period around 1200 to the first half of the 13th century. By carefully examining the scenes of the conflict in Lebus described in the sources, the death could be linked to the attack by Archbishop Willbrand of Magdeburg in 1239, during which the cathedral was probably also destroyed.

On January 22nd, 2016, a treasure trove of around 2300 silver coins was presented in the “Haus Lebuser Land” museum of the city .

Administrative history

From 1816 to 1950 the district of Lebus existed in the Prussian province of Brandenburg , to which the city belonged. The district office had its seat in Frankfurt (Oder) , from 1863 in Seelow . The district of Lebus was renamed the district of Seelow in 1950 and came to the district of Frankfurt (Oder) in 1952 after the abolition of the states in the GDR . In 1990 the district became part of the newly constituted state of Brandenburg again. On July 1, 1992, Lebus merged with five other municipalities to handle administrative business together to form the Lebus office with its administrative headquarters in Lebus. In the course of the district reform in 1993 , the town and office of Lebus became part of the newly formed district of Märkisch-Oderland.

Incorporations

On February 1, 1974 the former community of desert Kunersdorf was incorporated. On December 31, 1998, Schönfließ became a district of Lebus. On December 31, 2001 Mallnow and Wulkow followed at Boossen.

Population development

year Residents
1875 2,328
1890 2,427
1910 1,697
1925 2 513
1933 2,492
1939 2,377
1946 1,498
1950 1 804
1964 1 753
1971 1 736
year Residents
1981 1,670
1985 1,692
1989 1 750
1990 1 756
1991 1 718
1992 1 703
1993 1,698
1994 1 846
1995 2 010
1996 2 123
year Residents
1997 2 273
1998 2,580
1999 2,632
2000 2,697
2001 3 362
2002 3 400
2003 3 424
2004 3 395
2005 3 370
2006 3 346
year Residents
2007 3 306
2008 3 270
2009 3 243
2010 3 192
2011 3 205
2012 3 197
2013 3 144
2014 3 148
2015 3 146
2016 3 145
year Residents
2017 3 154
2018 3 180
2019 3 124

Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census

politics

City Council

The city ​​council of the city of Lebus consists of 16 city councilors and the honorary mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 68.8%:

Party / group of voters Share of votes Seats
Citizens alliance for fair local taxes 44.6% 7th
Association of independent citizens for Lebus 23.8% 4th
AfD 15.2% 2
CDU 09.8% 2
Citizens for Lebus (BfL) 06.6% 1

mayor

  • 1998–2008: Berndt Tillack
  • 2008–2016: Herbert Radtke (Citizen for Lebus)
  • 2016–2017: Britta Fabig
  • 2017–2018: Joachim Naumann
  • since 2018: Peter Heinl (Citizens' Alliance for Fair Local Taxes)

Heinl was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 64.8% of the valid votes for a term of five years.

Herbert Radtke resigned from his position on May 31, 2016. Britta Fabig (Citizen for Lebus) was elected as his successor on June 16, 2016 for the remaining legislative period until 2019. Fabig and her deputy Nickel resigned from their mandates in October 2017.

On November 10, 2017, the city council elected Detlev Frye from the AfD as the new mayor. The fact that representatives of the parliamentary groups of the CDU and the left voted for him led to resentment in their regional associations. Frye, on the other hand, emphasized that you don't choose your party, you choose him as a person. In retrospect, the city council's vote was declared invalid because it was not on the agenda and the vote to include this election on the agenda violates the electoral law. Therefore, the oldest member of the city council, Joachim Naumann, was temporarily appointed mayor. At another election date on November 23, 2017, no mayor was elected because too few city councilors had turned up. On March 22, 2018, Peter Heinl was elected mayor by the city council.

coat of arms

The coat of arms has been handed down for the 15th century, was revised by the heraldist Uwe Reipert and approved in this form on May 3, 2000.

Blazon : "In blue on green ground, a leaping golden wolf with a silver lamb in its throat."

Culture and sights

War cemetery for the victims of the Second World War
Soviet war cemetery

Buildings

The list of monuments in Lebus includes the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.

The Protestant town church “Sankt Marien” was built in 1806 in the classical style as a replacement for the burnt down medieval building. The church, which was badly damaged at the end of the Second World War, was reduced in size and rebuilt after 1945.

Memorials

  • Soviet war cemetery in Lebus with around 4400 graves (central Russian bedding cemetery in Brandenburg), Federal President Joachim Gauck visited the cemetery on May 8, 2015.
  • War cemetery for the victims of the Second World War on the slope of the Turmberg

Museums

Lebuser Land house at Schulstrasse 7 with a permanent exhibition on the history of the country of Lebus, the diocese of Lebus and the city of Lebus

Natural monuments

Worth mentioning are the Burgberg, the Schlossberg and the Turmberg, a 550-meter-long and up to 100-meter-wide ridge, which was developed as a fortification around the year 1000 and was considered an almost impregnable fortress in prehistoric times. In the "Oderberge" nature reserve, which has existed since 1967, there are large occurrences of Adonis roses , rare dry grass plants, insects, birds and small reptiles.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

At the jetty of the Oder

Lebus can be reached via the federal highway 112 from the direction of Frankfurt (Oder) or Gorgast and via the federal highway 167 from the direction of Seelow . The closest motorway junction is Frankfurt (Oder)-Mitte on the A 12 .

The station Schönfließ village at the Eberswalde-Frankfurt (Oder) is the regional rail line 60 RB Eberswalde - Frankfurt (Oder) served. Until 1996 Lebus was connected to the railway network via the Küstrin-Kietz – Frankfurt (Oder) railway line. Finally, regional trains operated by Deutsche Bahn ran here every two hours.

Lebus can be reached with the buses of Busverkehr Märkisch-Oderland GmbH (BMO). Lines 968 and 969 connect to Frankfurt (Oder) and Seelow.

The Oder-Neisse cycle path leads through the Unterkrug, past the riding stables, over the Kietzer Berg towards the old town . Cyclists and visitors will find restaurants and various accommodations here.

Sports

The sporting life is organized by the club Blau-Weiß Lebus, founded in 1990, which offers not only soccer, but also skating , equestrian sports, volleyball and table tennis.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with Lebus

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 193-196 ( online ).
  • W. Riehl, J. Scheu (Hrsg.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 376-377 ( online ).
  • Hanns Freytag von Loringhoven: The last contingent of the devil. Use of the Volkssturm battalion 7/108 francs. Self-published, Nuremberg 1965.
  • Theodor Fontane: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg, Part Two: The Oderland, 1863.

Web links

Commons : Lebus  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
  2. Main statute of the city of Lebus from February 12, 2009 PDF
  3. ^ Municipal constitution of the state of Brandenburg, § 45 ff.
  4. ^ Service portal of the state administration of the State of Brandenburg - City of Lebus
  5. New knowledge about the cathedral location . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , from October 20, 2003.
  6. Von Bülow brought shine to the diocese . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , March 1, 2006.
  7. The Private Lebuser Heimat-Lexikon: Bronzehort von Lebus
  8. Largest bronze treasure between the Elbe and the Vistula . In: Berliner Zeitung , September 3, 2003.
  9. 40 bronze axes restored from Lebus - treasure comes to the museum . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , April 6, 2005.
  10. ^ Project Lebus, warrior grave from the 13th century. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
  11. ^ Bettina Jungklaus , Blandine Wittkopp : A medieval burial of four warriors with blow injuries from the Schlossberg Lebus, Brandenburg . In: Sabine Eickhoff (Ed.): Battlefield and Mass Grave: Spectra of interdisciplinary evaluation of places of violence; Conference from November 21 to 24, 2011 in Brandenburg an der Havel . Wünsdorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-910011-80-9 , pp. 79-85 .
  12. Ines Rath: Hobby archaeologist finds treasure. In: Märkische Oderzeitung . January 7, 2016, accessed June 9, 2017.
  13. Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 7.15 pm Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland PDF
  14. Incorporation of the community Schönfließ into the city of Lebus. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of November 3, 1998. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 9, Number 48, November 27, 1998, p. 984.
  15. ^ Incorporation of the Mallnow community into the city of Lebus. Communication from the Ministry of the Interior of November 30, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, Number 51, December 19, 2001, p. 879 PDF .
  16. Incorporation of the Wulkow community near Boossen into the city of Lebus. Communication from the Ministry of the Interior of November 30, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, Number 51, December 19, 2001, p. 879 PDF .
  17. ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland. Pp. 22-25.
  18. Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
  19. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical Report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December).
  20. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
  21. Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the district of Märkisch Oderland ( Memento of the original from April 1, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wahlen.brandenburg.de
  22. Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections (PDF, p. 9).
  23. Lebus now has an independent mayor. In: Märkische Allgemeine , March 23, 2018
  24. Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
  25. ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
  26. Lubusz are looking for a new mayor. In: Märkische Oderzeitung . December 8, 2015.
  27. Britta Fabig is mayor. In: Märkische Oderzeitung. 17th June 2016.
  28. ^ First AfD politician elected mayor . In: Märkische Oderzeitung . ( moz.de [accessed on November 11, 2017]).
  29. ^ Lebus until February without the incumbent mayor. ( Memento from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: Lausitzer Rundschau . 23rd November 2017.
  30. ^ AfD man Frye again not elected mayor. In: Der Tagesspiegel . November 25, 2017.
  31. The German city book. Urban History Handbook . Vol. II. Central Germany. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1941, p. 577, brings this interpretation into play: “Siegel (1442): Wolf jumping on a flowery ground, carrying a lamb in its throat. Kämmerreisiegel (17th century): Wolf between two palm branches, crown above. New coat of arms: gold leaping in blue field on green ground. Wolf with silb. Lamb. Wolf, Latin lupus, equated with Lubus. ”, Quoted from claude-lebus.de
  32. Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
  33. Reconciliation over the graves . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , November 16, 2007.
  34. Commemoration in the war cemetery in Lebus at www.bundespraesident.de
  35. ^ House Lebuser Land ( Memento from April 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) on www.museen-brandenburg.de