Santok
| Santok | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Gorzowski | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 44 ′ N , 15 ° 25 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 780 | ||
| Postal code : | 66-431 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FGW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Gorzów Wielkopolski – Krzyż | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Poznań-Ławica | |||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Surface: | 168.30 km² | ||
| Residents: | 8580 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 51 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0801062 | ||
| Administration (as of 2010) | |||
| Community leader : | Stanislaw Chudzik | ||
| Address: | ul.Gorzowska 59 66-431 Santok |
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| Website : | www.santok.pl | ||
Santok [ 'santɔk ] ( German Zantoch ) is a village in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship . The Gmina Santok is a rural community that has its seat in Santok.
Geographical location
The village is located in the Neumark near the confluence of the Netze in the Warta , about ten kilometers east of the town of Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) and twenty kilometers south-southwest of the town of Strzelce Krajeńskie ( Friedeberg ).
history
From prehistoric times to the 13th century
Archaeological traces indicate a settlement as early as Roman times . A fortified settlement was built at the end of the 7th century at the confluence of the Netze and the Warta . At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th century , a wall made of earth and wood was built around the place. In 965 the place was completely destroyed by fire, then rebuilt, probably under Prince Boleslaw Chrobry . The fate of total destruction was repeated many times from the 7th to the 15th centuries . Archaeologists have discovered layers of twelve previous settlements. In the 10th century, Santok had a considerable diameter of about 200 meters. In the 11th century a protective castle was built within the settlement, which was replaced in the 14th century by a castle tower measuring 10 × 10 meters.
The first documentary mentions come from the end of the 11th and beginning of the 12th century. The Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus shows that at the end of the 11th century there were two places on the site, a Polish one directly at the fork of the river and a Pomeranian on the north bank of the Warta on the so-called Schlossberg . On this hill there is a medieval watchtower, which today has the function of a lookout tower. In the chronicle, Santok with the name clavem et terris custodiam (watchtower and key of the Polish kingdom) is given great importance. In 1100 the place was known as Santhock and was considered by Polish chroniclers as a strong Pomeranian border fortress ( fortalitum prope Santhock ).
Early 13th century belonged to the place to Wielkopolska to 1234 from Silesia and from 1247 back to Wielkopolska Piast -Fürstentümern. In 1251 Santok was attacked by the Pomeranian Duke Barnim , who was unable to conquer the city. So he built a new settlement on the other side of the Warta. In the middle of the 13th century, the Margraves of Brandenburg became interested in Santok and made claims. These were strengthened by the marriage of the daughter of the Prince of Wielkopolska Konstanze with Konrad , the son of Margrave Johann I , in Santok in 1260. The castellany Santok went to Brandenburg as a dowry . The peace that had been made was very fragile, so that war broke out and the place changed hands again in 1278. When the Polish King Przemysl II died in 1296, the Brandenburgers conquered the place.
1296 to 1945 as part of Brandenburg
With a brief interruption between 1365 and 1370 (death of King Casimir III ), Zantoch remained in Brandenburg from 1296. To make their claims to the place clear, the Poles continued to appoint a castellan of Santok from 1370 until the end of the 18th century . In 1409 the Teutonic Order emphasized to Poland that Santok had always belonged to the Neumark. The rise of the nearby Landsberg an der Warthe (Polish: Gorzów Wielkopolski ) brought a loss of importance for the place. At the beginning of June 1433 the Hussites and Poles began to invade Neumark , on June 4th Zantoch was taken, Landsberg was besieged from June 9th to 15th, the surrounding area of both places was devastated.
In the 18th century, Zantoch consisted of two ownership shares. One part belonged to the property complex of Margrave Friedrich Heinrich von Brandenburg-Schwedt , the remaining part was owned by the Schöning family . During the Seven Years' War , Zantoch was looted, devastated and largely burned down by Russian troops in 1758 . Around 1775 the village was owned by the Schöning and Brandt families .
Zantoch belonged until 1945 to the district of Landsberg (Warthe) in the administrative district of Frankfurt in the province of Brandenburg since 1939. "Mark Brandenburg", the, the German Empire .
Since the Second World War
Towards the end of World War II , Zantoch was occupied by the Red Army on January 20, 1945 . Shortly thereafter, Neumark and Zantoch were effectively placed under Polish administration. In the period that followed, the indigenous population was expelled . Zantoch was renamed Santok .
During an administrative reform, the village was incorporated into the Gorzów Voivodeship in 1975 . After its dissolution, Santok was in the Lebus Voivodeship from 1999 .
Population numbers
- 1804: 53
- 1809: 538
- 1840: 958
- 1858: 1040, including eight Jews
- 1933: 1270
- 1939: 1160
Culture and sights
- the historical museum
- the church tower from the 18th century
- the nature reserve Zdroisker Buchen
local community
The rural community ( gmina wiejska ) Santok consists of the following localities:
- Baranowice ( Annenaue )
- Czechów ( Zechow )
- Gralewo ( Gralow )
- Górki ( Prinzla , 1805–1945 mountain colony )
- Janczewo ( Jahnsfelde )
- Jastrzębnik ( Christophswalde )
- Lipki Małe ( Lipkeschbruch )
- Lipki Wielkie ( Lipke )
- Ludzisławice ( Louisenaue )
- Mąkoszyce ( Marienwiese )
- Nowe Polichno ( Pollychener Dutch )
- Płomykowo
- Starlings Polichno ( Pollychen )
- Wawrów ( Lorenzdorf )
Other places are:
- Ciche ( mountain top )
- Gałczyn ( Wiesenhof )
- Gralewskie Lasy ( Gralow Forest House )
- Grodziec ( Antoinette lust )
- Kretowo ( Adolphsruhe )
- Krzynka ( Kriningswerder )
- Łoziniec ( Luhsenhaus )
- Łozy ( Pollychener Luhsen )
- Olszynka ( Elsstrahl )
- Płomykowo ( Mühlenvorwerk )
- Rozstaje ( star )
- Siedlikowo ( Esperance )
- Sienniki ( Schöningslust )
- Stwolim ( Schwalmsberg )
- Trzęsacz ( Gralow Lower Mill )
- Wierzbica ( Christiansaue )
- Wierzbina ( Langenwerder )
- Złokwy ( Upper Mill )
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The province road 158 from Krzyż Wielkopolski to Gorzów Wielkopolski and the railway line from Kostrzyn to Krzyż Wielkopolski (former Prussian Eastern Railway ) runs through the village .
Zantoch railway accidents
During the First World War, Zantoch gained notoriety through two serious railway accidents.
On October 8, 1916, the locomotive "1101" biased to a fully occupied military train lost its inner crank bearing, the train remained lying on the open track and was rammed by the following D24 Warsaw - Bromberg - Berlin because the dispatcher from Jahnsfelde was overtired and had not blocked back .
On July 30, 1918, the piston rod of a freight locomotive broke between Gurkow and Zantoch , the free-running cylinder piston bored into the neighboring track bed and levered it out. The passing D22 from Brest-Litowsk to Berlin derailed and fell against the freight train. 42 people were killed, 21 of them alone in the dining car; 21 were seriously injured and four were slightly injured.
literature
- Albert Brackmann , Wilhelm Unverzagt (ed.): Zantoch. A castle in the east of Germany. Volume 1: Zantoch in the written tradition and the excavations of 1932/33. Hirzel, Leipzig 1936 ( Germany and the East 1).
- Hubert Fehr: Prehistoric archeology and German. Eastern research. The case of the excavations at Zantoch. In: Archaeologia Polona. 42, 2004, ISSN 0066-5924 , pp. 197-228.
- Erich Kittel: Zantoch as a border castle and network pass for the times of St. John and the Teutonic Order. A contribution to the history of the Ostmarkische Grenzkampf. In: Research on Brandenburg and Prussian history. 46, 1934, ISSN 0934-1234 , pp. 1-27.
- Erich Kittel: Zantoch and Quartschen in the names of the Johanniter and the Teutonic Order in the Neumark. In: The Neumark. Messages from the Association for History of the Neumark. 10, 1933, ZDB ID 500752-5 , pp. 3-13.
- Paul Niessen: Zantoch Castle and its history. In: Writings of the association for the history of the Neumark. 2, 1894, ZDB ID 500750-1 , pp. 13-61.
- Dariusz Rymar: Santok. In: Trakt Warta Odra. Socio-cultural magazine. November 1995, ISSN 1507-0352 , pp. 8-9.
- Erich Preuß : Railway accidents in Europe - facts, reports, protocols , Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-344-70716-7 , pp. 131-133
Web links
- City website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Riehl and Scheu (1861), pp. 476–477.
- ↑ August Engelien: History of the city of Landsberg on the Warthe . Volume 1: From the earliest times to the end of the Thirty Years War . Landsberg ad W. 1857, pp. 16-17.
- ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. Document collection on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the cities and castles of the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 24, Berlin 1863, pp. 122-125.
- ↑ The Pomeranian and Neumark landlord . Volume 1, Stettin 1778, p. 61.
- ^ Johann David Erdmann Preuss: Friedrich the Great. A biography . Volume 2: With a document book , Berlin 1833, pp. 156–158.
- ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching : Complete Tiopography of the Mark Brandenburg . Berlin 1775, pp. 50-51.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Berlin 1809, p. 127.
- ↑ Wolfgang Jäger : Geographisch-Historisch-Statistisches Zeitungs-Lexicon , Volume 3, Landshut 1811, p. 813.
- ↑ Topographic-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt a. d, O. Frankfurt ad O. 1844, p. 127, no. 226.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. landsberg_w.html # ew39pzantoc. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
