Przemysł II.
Przemysł II ( Polish Przemysł (aw) , Latin Primislaus ; * October 14, 1257 in Poznan , † February 8, 1296 in Rogoźno , Poland ) was Duke of Greater Poland in Poznan from 1273 . After the death of his uncle Bolesław , Duke of Greater Poland in Kalisch , from 1279 Duke of Greater Poland, 1290 to 1291 Duke of Lesser Poland in Cracow , by the latter Senior Duke (Princeps) of Poland , since Christmas 1294 Duke of Pomerania and from 1295, as Przemysław , King of Poland. He came from the Greater Poland Piast line .
Life
Przemysł was the only son of Duke Przemysł I and Elisabeth, daughter of Henry II , Senior Duke of Poland and Duke of Silesia . Raised under the tutelage of his uncle Bolesław the Pious , in mid-1273 he forced the surrender of his father's inheritance, the city of Poznan. In 1276 he concluded an alliance with Duke Heinrich IV of Breslau , which he established in 1277 together with Heinrich III. von Glogau unsuccessfully supported in the conflict with Boleslaw II von Liegnitz . From 1281 he led border disputes with Henry IV of Breslau.
After the death of his uncle Boleslaw in 1279, he ruled independently throughout Greater Poland. On February 15, 1282 he signed a contract with Duke Mestwin II of Pomerania in Kępno , in which he recognized the feudal sovereignty of the Piast duke and transferred his duchy to him - donatio inter vivos -. He strengthened his internal power by suppressing a noble revolt in 1285 under the leadership of the Zaremba family. In 1287, he set an alliance with Duke Bogislaw IV of Pommern-Wolgast (renewed in 1291) against the powerful position of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in Neumark . A year later, in 1288, an agreement was reached with his Silesian cousins, the dukes Heinrich IV and Heinrich III. von Glogau , by mutual succession.
After Duke Henry IV's death in 1290, he took possession of western Lesser Poland with Cracow (Duchy of Lesser Poland-Cracow), to which Duke Władysław I. Ellenlang of Kujawia also made a claim and occupied eastern Lesser Poland with Sandomierz (Duchy of Lesser Poland-Sandomierz). In January 1291 he renounced Krakow in favor of the Bohemian King Wenceslaus II , but kept the coronation insignia and in 1293 concluded an anti-Bohemian alliance with Władysław of Kujawia, on the basis of which the Kujaw duke, after the death of his ally in 1296, concluded most of his territories took over (although there was an older inheritance contract with Heinrich IV. of Breslau († 1290) and Heinrich III. of Glogau († 1309)). After the death of Mestwin II in 1294, he took possession of Pomerania under the inheritance contract. Brandenburg, which at that time consisted of two internally rival lines that cooperated externally, immediately asserted its own claims to the inheritance, from which a long war of succession broke out, which did not come to an end until the Treaty of Soldin in 1309. Under the influence of the Archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Świnka , Przemysław pursued the idea of unifying the Polish lands, which had been fragmented in particularism since 1138, and regaining the royal dignity. On June 26, 1295, with the permission of Pope Boniface VIII , he was crowned King of Poland in Gniezno, which ended the period of the weak senior duke.
The renewal of royal dignity in Poland after more than 200 years was of great importance for the unification of the Kingdom of Poland , which was to last for 500 years, although he himself died the year after his coronation. He died in 1296 as a victim of an attempted kidnapping, which the Margraves of Brandenburg ( Otto V. der Lange and Johann IV. ) Had instigated in league with the local opposition (members of two noble families, the Zaremba and Nałęcz ), the Pomeranian Islands and areas of Neumark the networks claimed for themselves. It is quite possible that King Wenceslaus of Bohemia was in the background, who at that time counted large parts of southern Poland (Silesia, Lesser Poland) under his sphere of influence and originally a kidnapping was planned in order to persuade the prisoner to concessions. Przemysław was in an amicable relationship with the church, maintained close contacts with townspeople and particularly promoted Poznan, where he is buried next to his ancestors in the cathedral . With him, the Wielkopolska line of the Piasts, which was established by Mieszko III. the ancients had been established.
Wives
Przemysł was married three times, in his first marriage from July 1273 with:
- Ludgarda (* around 1260; † December 1283) daughter of Duke Heinrich von Mecklenburg ;
in second marriage from October 11, 1285 with:
- Rixa / Rycheza (* around 1265; † before 1291) daughter of King Waldemar of Sweden ;
in third marriage from 1291 with:
- Margarete (* around 1270; † 1315), daughter of Margrave Albrecht III. of Brandenburg ;
progeny
Przemysł had only one daughter from his marriage to Princess Rixa of Sweden:
She was married several times, her first marriage from 1303 with:
in second marriage from 1306 with:
- Duke Rudolf of Austria ;
Web links
Footnotes
- ^ Friedrich August Vossberg : Coins and seals of the Prussian cities Danzig Elbing and Thorn, as well as the dukes of Pomerania in the Middle Ages . Fincke, Berlin 1841, p. 5.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Henry IV Probus |
Duke of Poland 1290–1291 |
Wenceslas II |
| Bolesław II the Bold |
King of Poland 1295–1296 |
Wenceslas II |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Przemysł II. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Przemyslaw II |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Senior Duke, King of Poland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 14, 1257 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Poses |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 8, 1296 |
| Place of death | Rogoźno , Poland |