Anton Friedrich Büsching

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Anton Friedrich Büsching

Anton Friedrich Büsching (born September 27, 1724 in Stadthagen , Schaumburg-Lippe , † May 28, 1793 in Berlin ) was a German Protestant theologian and geographer .

Life

Anton Friedrich Büsching was the son of the lawyer Ernst Friedrich Büsching and his wife Philippina Margarete geb. Jobst. He completed his school days at the Latin school of the Halle orphanage . In the years 1744-1747 studied Büsching at the local university theology and earned his master's degree in 1748.

At the beginning of 1748 Büsching received the license to teach Old Testament exegesis , but at the end of the same year he accepted a position as private tutor for the son of the Danish privy councilor Lynar in Köstritz . When Count von Lynar was transferred to Saint Petersburg as Danish envoy in 1749 , Büsching went with him. Returning to Itzehoe in 1750 , he began his great description of the earth here, which he completed in 1754 in Copenhagen since 1752 .

In the same year he was appointed associate professor of philosophy and adjunct in the theological faculty in Göttingen . In 1755 in Göttingen he married Christiane Dilthey , an imperial crowned poet and honorary member of the Göttingen Scholar Society . With her he had seven children, including Johann Stephan Gottfried Büsching (1761–1833), lawyer and long-time mayor of Berlin. In 1759 Büsching was appointed full professor of philosophy, but in 1761 followed a call to Petersburg as pastor of the local Lutheran congregation at the Saint Petri Church (Saint Petersburg) .

After he was dismissed in 1765 as a result of disagreements and initially settled in Altona , he was appointed director of the grammar school for the gray monastery and the Berlin and Cologne city schools as well as senior consistorial councilor in Berlin in 1766 . After the death of his first wife in April 1777, he married Margarethe Eleonore Reinbeck, the granddaughter of the Berlin provost Johann Gustav Reinbeck, in December 1777 . He had six children with her, including the antiquarian and Germanist Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching (1783–1829). One nephew was the camera operator August Friedrich Wilhelm Crome .

Büsching died on May 28, 1793 at the age of 68 in Berlin and was buried in the garden of his country house. The tomb designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow is now in the Märkisches Museum Berlin .

The moon crater Büsching is named after him. In 1833, near the Gray Monastery, Büschingstrasse and the adjacent and no longer existing Büschingplatz were named after him; today in Berlin-Friedrichshain .

Publications

Among his numerous writings on theological, educational, historical-geographical and biographical content is the New Earth Description (Hamb. 1754–92 and more often, 11 parts, of which the first 10 deal with Europe , the 11th part: Asia , unfinished by B. stayed) as a fundamental attempt at a scientific treatment of geography. The advantages of the extensive work, which has emerged from source studies, are based on the political-statistical representations, which are carried out with lively individual descriptions and a constant relationship to history, while everything that hits the field of physical geography appears very poor. The geography was continued by Matthias Christian Sprengel and Samuel Friedrich Wahl (11th part, Dept. 2-4, Hamb. 1802-1807), by Johann Melchior Hartmann (12th part, Dept. 1, Africa concerning, the. 1799) and by Christoph Daniel Ebeling (Part 13, Treating America , Volumes 1-6, the. 1800-1803).

His work New Earth Description, completed in 1754, was published in 1762 in English in London under the title A New System of Geography ... by A. Millar; In 1768 a French edition appeared as Géographie universelle in Strasbourg and from 1773 under the title Nuova Geografia in Venice an Italian ("Tuscan") version, translated by Father Gaudioso Jagemann.

In the prefaces of the later editions, Büsching complains bitterly about the unauthorized reprints (from 1766 as “Büsching's new description of the earth - newest edition”, Schaffhausen near Hurter; from 1784 as “Büsching's great description of the earth” in 24 volumes, Troppau from Joseph Georg Traßler).

Of historical interest are his two writings on Friedrich II of Prussia , whom he had met personally and whose character and reign he accurately described shortly after Friedrich's death.

  • Earth description .
    • Part 8: The Upper Saxon District , Hamburg 1791 ( full text )
  • Magazine for Historiography and Geography , 25 volumes, Hamburg 1767–1793
  • Contributions to the life history of strange people , 6 volumes, Hamburg 1783–89
  • Recent history of the evangelical brother denominations in Poland . 3 volumes. Hall 1784–87
  • Ground plan for a history of philosophy , 2 parts, Berlin 1772–74
  • Description of his journey from Berlin via Potsdam to Rekahn not far from Brandenburg, which he made from June 3rd to 8th 1775 , Leipzig 1775 ( full text )
  • Complete topography of the Mark Brandenburg , Berlin 1775 (full text digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10000755_00225~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D )
  • Character Friederichs II. King of Prussia , Halle 1788 ( archive.org )
  • Reliable contributions to the government history of King Friedrich II of Prussia , Hamburg 1790 ( archive.org )

Revisions

  • Berlin, Potsdam, Brandenburg 1775. Description of his trip to Reckahn , Berlin Story Verlag , Berlin 2006. ISBN 3-929829-37-1 .
  • History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Russian Empire , Martin Luther Verlag, Contributions to the History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Volume 7, Erlangen 2011. ISBN 978-3-87513-169-7 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Anton Friedrich Büsching  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Anton Friedrich Büsching  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Büschingstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
personal data
SURNAME Büsching, Anton Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer
DATE OF BIRTH September 27, 1724
PLACE OF BIRTH Stadthagen
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1793
Place of death Berlin