Kietzer See

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Kietzer See
Kietzer See 02.jpg
Kietzer See in April 2011
Geographical location Germany , Brandenburg
Tributaries Water supply from the Stöbber as required
Drain None
Places on the shore Altfriedland
Location close to the shore Buckow
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 37 '40 "  N , 14 ° 13' 12"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 37 '40 "  N , 14 ° 13' 12"  E
Kietzer See (Brandenburg)
Kietzer See
Altitude above sea level 5.8  m above sea level NN
surface 206 hectaresdep1
length 3020 mdep1
width 1115 mdep1
Maximum depth 1.0 m
Catchment area 422 hadep1

particularities

Lake transformed into a fish pond in the 1960s

The Kietzer See is a 206  hectare flat lake in the Brandenburg town of Altfriedland in the Märkisch-Oderland district . It bears the name after a Slavic Kietz from the time of the German East Settlement . The Brandenburg State Office for the Environment categorized the maximum one meter deep lake as a “fish pond”.

The pond is located on the southern edge of the Oderbruch at the northeast exit of the glacial Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber Rinne ), which separates the Barnim and Lebuser Land plateaus . A narrow headland has formed between the Kietzer See and the neighboring Klostersee to the west , on which the Stobber passes the two lakes and on which extends between the shores of the Altfriedland (originally Friedland). The lake took on its present form in the 1960s, when the largely silted-up body of water was enlarged by damming and damming the Stobber and transformed into the pond farms of the Altfriedland ponds . The newly created and landscape-defining waterland led to a special formation of the avifauna , which has been preserved since the designation of the Altfriedland ponds as a European bird sanctuary (SPA) .

Geomorphology and hydrology

The Kietzer See is located northeast of Buckow in the northeast corner of the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park . The federal highway 167 , which connects Bad Freienwalde to Lebus via Neuhardenberg , runs past the south bank .

Buckower Rinne and Oderbruch

Kietzer See (Barnim)
Löcknitz - Stöbber -Rinne with the Kietzer See at the northeast exit to the Oderbruch

The body of water is located at the northeast exit of the Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber -Rinne ), a glacial meltwater channel that formed in the last two phases of the Vistula Ice Age between the dead ice- filled Oderbruch and the Berlin glacial valley (today's Spreetal) and separates the Barnim plate from the Lebuser plate . This channel, around 30 kilometers long and two to six kilometers wide, drains from the low moor and headwaters area Rotes Luch via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree and across the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder . Immediately above the north bank of the Kietzer See, the Stobber (formerly Stobberow ) merges with the Quappendorfer Canal to form the Friedländer Strom .

On the edge of the Oderbruch, a narrow headland has formed between the Kietzer See and the neighboring Klostersee to the west, on which the Stobber passes the two lakes and on which extends between the shores of the Altfriedland (originally Friedland). The Oder originally flowed through the inland delta of the Oderbruch in meanders that shifted several times from east to west. The last major relocation of the course probably took place in the 13th century. Subsequently, several tributaries and flat, spacious lakes formed in the Niedere Bruch, including the Kietzer See. 1751, immediately prior to amelioration of or fracture, the area of the lake Kietzer to have amounted to 154 hectares. While lakes such as the Faule See (near Wriezen , 92 ha in 1751) or the Great See (between Bliesdorf , Alttrebbin and Altwriezen , 293 ha) disappeared after the quarry was drained in the 18th century, the Kietzer See remained, silted up but strong. In 1938 the silting bog had silt deposits up to nine meters thick and could no longer be fished due to its shallow depth.

Reshaping in the 1960s

Kietzer See with the canalised Stobber

The Kietzer See got its present form in the 1960s / 1970s. Between 1965 and 1972, its silted areas were converted into ponds for carp breeding by damming and damming the Stobber. Nineteen shallow ponds with a total of 280 hectares of usable pond area were set up , including the seven Karlsdorfer ponds off the southwest . However, the parcelling remained unfinished, leaving the largest artificial pond in Brandenburg with an area of ​​around 200 hectares. This pond covers the fen area of ​​the Kietzer See and the original estuary of the Stöbber to the Old Oder . While the Stobber is largely preserved as a near-natural river in parts of its upper reaches and especially in the middle reaches through the Stobbertal nature reserve , in the course of the lake conversion it was channeled close to the west and east banks around the pond, which continues to be called Kietzer See, and partly also as Altfriedländer Teich 13 is called, moved around. All waters, the so-called Altfriedland ponds , are fed by the Stobber as required.

The over-formed silting areas consisted of extensive swampy meadows and parts of the forest of the Nonnenwinkel - tree stumps that protrude above the water surface of the Kietzer See still bear witness to the former forest cover. The Nonnenwinkel-Caveln ( Caveln = meadow areas divided by ditches) northeast of the lake had already been flooded when the Oder was mean water and were unusable for grazing . The reconstruction of the landscape and the fishery use of the ponds led to a fundamental change in the avifauna and the formation of secondary habitats .

Hydrography and Limnology

The State Office for the Environment Brandenburg categorizes the maximum one meter deep lake (water body no. 8000169621989) in the profile according to the EC Water Framework Directive (EC WFD) as a “fish pond”. After an inventory in 2004, the profile indicates an area of ​​206 and a catchment area of 422 hectares. The maximum depth is one meter, the greatest length of the stretch of water from south to north at 3020 and the greatest width at 1115 meters. The LAWA trophic index, which summarizes four trophic parameters (TP during the spring full circulation as well as the vegetation means of chlorophyll a , visibility depth and TP ) with different weightings in one number, was not recorded. Only the chemical status was surveyed, which is rated on a five-point scale with two (= environmental target 'good status' of the WFD is achieved ). From this - in the absence of all other parameters - an overall state of two can be derived.

When monitoring environmental radioactivity on the basis of the Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) , the State Office for Consumer Protection and Agriculture (LVL) also had samples taken from Lake Kietzer See in 2001/2002. The values ​​for 137 Cs were below the detection limit and the cesium uptake by fish was below this limit in both non-predatory and predatory fish. In the sediment , however, there was a high value of 70  Bq / kg DM compared to other Brandenburg waters.

Ecology, flora and fauna

Before the formation of the marshy meadows around Lake Kietzer See, meadow harriers , snipes and whorls brooded , refuges for numerous new animal and plant species formed in the secondary areas.

Environment and pond management

Rest of the fen area west of the lake

The managed fish ponds are mainly located on the elongated west and narrow south banks of the Kietzer See. The remaining shores of the large open lake area have a well-developed reed belt . The southern part of the west bank is occupied by the settlement areas of Altfriedland, its northern part and the north bank determine the still preserved marshland behind the Stöbber flowing close to the lake, some of which are accompanied by a forest edge on the bank. The east bank is largely shaped by the forests of the Nonnenwinkel, whose name (like the name of the former Nonnen-Caveln) goes back to the Cistercian women of the Friedland monastery .

In addition to professional fishing by the local fishing companies, the Kietzer See or Altfriedländer Teich 13 is available for fishing including night fishing ; boat fishing is not allowed. The ponds have a mixed population of trout , carp , sturgeon , eel , pike , catfish , grass carp , marble carp , perch and pikeperch . The fish farming in the "supply pond management" takes place by means of grain feeding. The production level is given as 1–1.5 t / ha. The lakes are the habitat of the otters, which are threatened with extinction in Brandenburg according to the Red List . However, the marten , which is adapted to aquatic life and is one of the best swimmers among land predators , like the bird of the year  2010, the cormorant , is not welcomed by fisheries as a supposed food competitor of humans. To compensate for the damage caused by these animals, the Altfriedland fishery, which manages 278 hectares, has developed angling tourism as the second mainstay of its business.

European Bird Sanctuary (SPA)

Natural and artificial islands in the lake, in the foreground the stobber

The European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teich- und Seengebiet (also: European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teiche , European bird sanctuary Kietzer See ) is part of the European bird sanctuary (SPA) Märkische Schweiz . The sub-area protected according to the EU directive on the conservation of wild birds includes the Klostersee, some smaller lakes southwest of the Klostersee and, as a central component, the Kietzer See with its pond landscape on around 700 hectares. The area is the most important water bird breeding, resting and migration area of ​​the Märkische Schweiz nature park . The avifauna includes endangered bird species such as kingfisher , sea eagle and osprey or black stork and, in autumn, very rare, resting lime species . The common tern colony is one of the most important of the endangered species in Brandenburg. In autumn, the lakes provide resting places for up to 30,000 gray and white geese that migrate through .

The provisions of the EU Birds Directive are implemented in close cooperation between the nature park administration and fishermen, fishing companies and other land users; the fishery use of the waters is compatible with nature conservation . Various projects have been started or have already been implemented to safeguard the existing biodiversity and improve the habitat conditions of endangered and supraregional important bird species. This includes an annual mowing in winter with ice on some of the natural floating reed islands of the Kietzer See as a nesting aid , which then serve as breeding grounds for black-headed gulls , common terns and other species. In addition, two artificial breeding islands were financed by the nature park administration and the State Agency for Large Protected Areas from the contractual nature conservation funds. For this purpose, disused pontoons that the fishermen made available were prepared with gravel, grass fleece and shelter.

history

17 percent of the Kietzer See, based on an area of ​​202 hectares, is at the disposal of BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH , a successor to the Treuhandanstalt and subsidiary of the Federal Agency for  Unification-Related Special Tasks (BvS).

Slavic Kietz and nunnery

A fishing settlement already existed in Altfriedland during the Slavic period . The name Kietzer See and the Altfriedländer Straße Kietz refer to a Slavic settlement, as the term Kietz in the original sense of the word describes a Slavic service settlement in the Germania Slavica , which was usually near a castle (under German rule) and mostly as a fishing settlement was created. The existence of a previously unproven castle is controversial; However, it is not a mandatory requirement for creating a Kietz. In 1375, "fishing" ( pescatura ) was expressly mentioned in the land book of Charles IV . Even in 1776 seven fishermen were named; 1801 for the last time only a fisherman.

Helene Charlotte von Friedland

In the course of the German East Settlement , the Friedland women's monastery was built around 1250 on the eastern bank of the Klostersee . The Ecclesia sanctae Mariae semper virginis in Vredeland had a land securing or settlement function for the Ascanian rulers. The nunnery served as the house monastery of the Barnim nobility; especially the unmarried daughters of the Brandenburg landed nobility were accepted here. With extensive land holdings, including ten villages, twenty individual estates and eight lakes, the abbey was one of the wealthy monasteries of the Mark. The Kietzer See was also owned by the Cistercians, who very likely set up their first fish ponds around 700 years ago at the latest.

Mrs. von Friedland and Wasserschulze

In 1603, a Wriezen customs file noted Friedland, along with Bliesdorf and Ranft, as the most important suppliers for the Wriezen fish market. 100 wagons with pike, eel, crabs and other fish arrive here every year. The landlady Charlotte Helene von Lestwitz (1754–1803), who went down in history as Frau von Friedland , had a significant influence on the development of the fishing industry and was revered in Friedland for her energy, organizational and educational talent. In the walks through the Mark Brandenburg (Band Oderland) Theodor Fontane dedicated a chapter to her and the agricultural reformer Albrecht Daniel Thaer wrote with admiration:

“We certainly drove four tension horses tired. I've never seen anything like this before. She has over a dozen administrators […] and yet she knows every little patch of garden, every tree, every horse, every cow […]. She not only has several large distilleries and breweries, but also runs a strong milling business, which is why she has formally enrolled in the miller's trade so that she has the master's right and can enroll apprentices. "

- Albrecht Daniel Thaer on Mrs. von Friedland.

In 1794 she fought a legal dispute with the community of Quilitz over fishing rights on the Kietzer See. A document preserved in the Brandenburg State Main Archives notes: Acta manualia in the matter of the Frau von Friedland bored von Lestwitz, against the community in Quilitz because of unauthorized fishing and pipe cutting in the Kietzer = lake; item: flax u. Hemp reddening and repayment of the pledge. Otherwise, legal disputes were settled by the Wasserschulze, who headed the Kietz fishing community and who was in charge of all fishing matters until the 19th century. The symbolic appearance of a Wasserschulzen, who leads the entry of fishermen in their historical costumes at the annual fishing festival in Altfriedland, reminds of this tradition.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Kietzer See  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Brandenburg State Environment Agency. Lake profile EC Water Framework Directive: Kietzer See ( Memento from January 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 200 kB) In addition: Reading aid and explanation of the parameters.
  2. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions. Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  3. ^ LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
  4. ↑ Antje Jakupi, p. 11.
  5. ↑ a b Anglermap, Altfriedländer Teich profile 13.
  6. ↑ Antje Jakupi, pp. 11, 21, 136.
  7. ^ A b Nature Park Märkische Schweiz, Nature Park Administration: Ponds as substitute habitats .
  8. ↑ a b Naturschutzbund Deutschland, RV Strausberg-Märkische Schweiz: Altfriedländer Teiche, origin .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nabu.maerkische-schweiz.com  
  9. ↑ Jacqueline Rücker: 10 years of water research in the Scharmützelsee area - trophic and phytoplankton development from 1994 to 2003. ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 883 kB) Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, BTU Current Series 3/2004, p. 11. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-docs.tu-cottbus.de
  10. ↑ State Office for Consumer Protection and Agriculture (LVL): Environmental radioactivity in Brandenburg 2001–2002 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Frankfurt / Oder 2002, pp. 23, 25 f.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mugv.brandenburg.de  
  11. ↑ Brandenburg-Viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (click on the menu)
  12. ^ Märkische Schweiz Nature Park, Nature Park Administration: European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teiche .
  13. ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (Ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin. P. 6. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
  14. ↑ A big fish show . In: Märkische Oderzeitung (MOZ), November 16, 2009.
  15. ↑ Landtag Brandenburg Drucksache 5/3497, 5th electoral period . (PDF; 371 kB) Answer of the state government to the major question No. 10 of the parliamentary group of the FDP, printed matter 5/2832, fishing and fish farming in Brandenburg , see part V.
  16. ↑ a b Kerstin Wöbbecke, enviteam office: General non-technical description of the bathing water based on the bathing water profile . In: Ministry of Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (MUGV), LUIS-BB LandesUmwelt / Consumer Information System: Klostersee. Bathing water profile according to Article 6 of Directive 2006/7 / EC and Section 6 of the Ordinance on the Quality and Management of Bathing Water of February 6, 2008 (BbgBadV). P. 12. ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 104 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.luis.brandenburg.de
  17. ↑ Historisches Ortlexikon Brandenburg, Volume VI (Barnim), p. 164f.
  18. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission. be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , p. 58, ISSN  1860-2436 .
  19. ↑ Gustav Abb (Germania Sacra), p. 349.
  20. ↑ Uta Puls, pp. 53, 55 f.
  21. ↑ Gustav Abb (Germania Sacra), pp. 351 f, 356 f.
  22. ↑ Fishery Altfriedland.
  23. ↑ Antje Jakupi, on the lake surface 1751, p. 11, quotation from the Wriezen customs file p. 92.
  24. ↑ Fontane, pp. 174-178.
  25. ↑ Quoted from Theodor Fontane, p. 177.
  26. ↑ Quoted from Antje Jakupi, p. 262.
  27. ↑ Dierk Heerwagen, p. 64.
  28. ↑ New water school in Altfriedland . In: Märkische Oderzeitung. (MOZ), August 2, 2009.