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Old-soft
City of Bad Freienwalde (Oder)
Coordinates: 52 ° 46 ′ 6 ″ N , 14 ° 4 ′ 42 ″ E
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| Height : | 7 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 916 (June 30, 2011) |
| Incorporation : | December 6, 1993 |
| Postal code : | 16259 |
| Area code : | 03344 |
Altranft is a village in the Märkisch-Oderland district on the western edge of the Oderbruch and on the eastern edge of the Barnims . Since December 6, 1993 it has been part of the city of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) . Although it is over 100 km from the Baltic Sea , it is only 7 m above sea level .
history
It is assumed that the area of Altranft was first settled before 1700 BC. Took place. Finds from different epochs suggest that the area has been permanently settled since then. There are finds from the Bronze Age , from the time of the East Germanic as well as from the Slav period . A coin find is dated to the year 1075 AD.
Altranft found its first known written mention as "Ramft" in the land register of Emperor Charles IV from 1375. The village was then the seat of the nobility of Betkin von Pfuel . In 1450 the village was a fiefdom of Heine von Pfuel, there were apparently no independent farmers at that time, but a document from 1451 mentions 23 fishermen. The fishing is explained by the location of the village on a side arm of the fish-rich Oder , which also regularly flooded the country.
Around 1375 the Pfuels erected the first manor house in the village, in 1574 the first church, a half-timbered building. Like many places in Germany, Altranft suffered from the consequences of the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648). At the end of the war only ten residents of the former ten families were still alive. In 1664 Jacob von Pfuel sold the estate to Wolf Friedrich von Bomsdorf . Under his rule, the first renovation work took place and in 1678 the manor house was converted into a baroque castle.
In 1739 ownership of the property was transferred to the secret finance councilor Samuel von Marschall . He campaigned with Friedrich II for the drainage of the Oderbruch, which then took place from 1747 to 1762 initially under the direction of Marschall. With the drainage, fishing disappeared as a livelihood for the residents of Altranft. In their place came the now productive agriculture. In 1752 a new baroque style church was built in place of the previous half-timbered church .
In 1762 the village of Neuranft was founded about five kilometers northeast of the place now called Altranft. In 1820 Heinrich August von Marschall sold the estate to Count Wilhelm Werner Georg von Hacke (1785–1841). The estate remained in the possession of the Counts von Hacke until 1916 . With the takeover of the property, Count Hacke began to design the 3.5 hectare park under the influence of Peter Joseph Lenné . In 1878, under Edwin Graf von Hacke, the one-storey extension of the palace that was built in 1724 is demolished again and a new building with two side wings is erected. This gave the castle its present-day appearance.
After the discovery of lignite , mining began in 1838 in several pits in the vicinity of Altranft. In addition to a fuel distillery (1859) and a sugar factory (1861), a briquette factory started operations in 1881 . When the coal seams brought ever lower yields, coal production was stopped in 1904 and the briquette factory closed.
In 1916 the estate was bought by Heinrich Wertheimer , who sold it to Carl Eschenbach that same year. The Eschenbach family, consisting of the businessman Carl Eschenbach (* March 3, 1879 Elberfeld; † February 1945), his wife Else (* April 2, 1900 Berlin; † February 1945) and their children Carla (* March 1, 1928, † January 21, 1943) and Carl-Adolf (* 1929) led the estate and the place to a new bloom. Due to the re-cultivation of the estate and the associated lands, over 100 employees were at times in the service of the Eschenbach family. After the suicide of the Eschenbach couple in February 1945, the estate was requisitioned when the Red Army crossed the Oder and became public property after the GDR was founded.
After 1945 Altranft was on the territory of the Soviet occupation zone . Displaced persons first moved into the castle . The agricultural land of the property was distributed to 18 farm workers, 73 small tenants and 50 displaced persons and a farming family as part of the land reform . In 1952 the first LPG was founded . In 1949 the castle became the property of the State of Brandenburg . After the refugees moved out, it housed a school, a school after-school care center, a day nursery, a restaurant, a library and it was used as a cultural center. From 1964 onwards, on the initiative of the then head of the Oderland Museum in Bad Freienwalde (Oder) , Hans Ohnesorge , a geological nature trail was created on the western edge of the village , along which mainly debris from the ice age phase of the area can be seen.
population
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Territory of the respective year
On June 30, 2011, Altranft had 916 residents.
Attractions
The following buildings are under monument protection :
- Manor house with park
- Village church
- Poor house, Schneiderstraße 5/6
- Fuel distillery, Schneiderstrasse
- Blacksmith's shop with shoeing area, Schneiderstraße 18
- School building with adjoining building, school garden and sports field, Schulstrasse 4
- Fischerhaus, Schloßstraße 12
- Farm workers' houses with stables at Hackescher Rennbahn, Schloßstraße
- Small farm, Dorfstrasse 2
- Residential building with stables, Dorfstrasse 6
- Farmhouse, Dorfstrasse 10
- Residential house, Dorfstrasse 20
- Farmhouse, Dorfstrasse 21
- Syringe house
- Restaurant (formerly "Krug an der Heerstraße"), Alte Heerstraße 1
- Farmhouse (so-called Bergschmidthof), Alte Heerstraße 10
- Farm workers' cottages, Alte Heerstraße 20
- Railway station , Alte Heerstraße 27
- Former reapers barracks with stables, Alte Heerstraße 33.
The cemetery includes the Eschenbach hereditary burial, the grave site for Adolf Koepsel and the grave cross for Wilhelm Graf Hacke.
Brandenburg Open Air Museum Altranft
In the 1970s, the construction of a museum on the agricultural history of the village began, which as the Brandenburg Open-Air Museum Altranft was of national importance. In addition to the castle, the buildings of this museum include numerous other restored buildings in the area, such as a middle farmhouse in which an old school was set up, a farm workers' house (known as the "fisherman's house" because of its thatched roof) from 1720, a laundry room and bakery from 1880 as well as the smithy from 1910 and the oldest preserved house in the village, a Märkisches Mittelflurhaus from 1698. The museum also included a post windmill until 2017 , which is located in Letschin, 25 km south-east, owned by the Letschin municipality.
Up until 2016, the castle housed an interior exhibition from the Wilhelminian era as well as permanent exhibitions on the history of construction and settlement as well as the drainage of the Oderbruch. There were also regular special exhibitions. Up until 2015, the museum offered an active introduction to old handicraft activities such as forging, bread-baking, pottery or spinning on several days of action in the summer months. As part of a museum education program, school classes from the area were able to carry out these activities during the week.
In 2015, the district council of the Märkisch-Oderland district decided to close the open-air museum, but as part of the TRAFO program - Models for Culture in Transition , the facility was continued with a new sponsorship and concept.
Oderbruch Museum Altranft
The Oderbruch Museum Altranft includes characteristic buildings of the Brandenburg farm village Altranft (manor house, blacksmith shop, farm, farm worker house) and is a cultural institution for regional self-description. In its exhibition tour, it presents the complex water system of the Oderbruch, its agriculture, building culture, craft and rural society in the present and history. The exhibitions are continually being expanded to include annual themes that are fundamentally based on surveys among the population. A workshop book is published annually as a synopsis of the surveys in the annual topics. The museum works with the schools in the region to deepen the spatial relationship through landscape education projects and also offers workshops for schools and visitors. The museum is the coordination point of the "Kulturerbe Oderbruch" network with over 25 cultural heritage sites, on the basis of which the municipalities of the Oderbruch are committed to obtaining the European Heritage Label . The Oderbruch Museum Altranft was awarded the Berlin-Brandenburg Prize of the Future Berlin Foundation in 2018 .
traffic
Until 2004 the federal highway 167 ran between Bad Freienwalde and Wriezen directly through the place. Since then it has been run along a bypass east of the town.
The breakpoint Altranft at the Eberswalde-Frankfurt (Oder) is the regional rail line 60 RB Eberswalde - Frankfurt (Oder) served.
literature
- Ilona Rohowski in collaboration with Ingetraud Senst: Altranft. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, district of Märkisch-Oderland, part 1: Cities of Bad Freienwalde and Wriezen, villages in Niederoderbruch. Worms 2005, pp. 246-260.
- Heike Graef: Very gentle. In: Palaces and Gardens of the Mark. Issue 32, Berlin 1997.
- Carl-Adolf Eschenbach: A youth in old gentleness. Edition Octopus, Münster, ISBN 3-86582-040-9 .
- Kenneth Anders: A landscape as a citizen's affair - is that possible? The Oderbruch Museum Altranft and the idea of a regional self-description. In: German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Culture (DGGL) (Hrsg.): DGGL-Themembuch 14, Civic Commitment, Network Garden & People, 2019.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Friedrich L. Fischbach: Statistical-topographical cities-description of the Mark Brandenburg: Containing the Ober-Barnimschen district . tape 1 . Horvath, 1786, p. 604–605 (606 p., Limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Schlosspark Altranft Website of Tourismus-Marketing Brandenburg GmbH. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
- ↑ Albert G. Schwarz: Attempt at a Pomeranian and Rügian fief history: containing the history and merits belonging to the fiefdom of this country, from the oldest to the present day… . Ed., 1740, p. 1357.
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland . Pp. 18-21
- ^ Districts of Bad Freienwalde
Altglietzen | Altranft with sugar factory | Bralitz | Hohensaaten | Hohenwutzen | Neuenhagen | Schiffmühle with Neutornow and Gabow
Further living
spaces in Sonnenburg