Sonnenburg (Bad Freienwalde (Oder))

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Sonnenburg
Coordinates: 52 ° 44 ′ 32 "  N , 14 ° 2 ′ 33"  E
Height : 71 m above sea level NN
Residents : 100  (2005)
Incorporation : January 1, 1957
Postal code : 16259
Area code : 03344
Gut Sonnenburg and Park
The horse stables

Sonnenburg is an inhabited district of the city of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) in the district of Märkisch-Oderland (Brandenburg). A von Uchtenhagen castle stood here until the beginning of the 17th century , which fell into disrepair in the subsequent period. There was also a farm yard, which in 1618 was converted into a Vorwerk of the Amt of Freienwalde after the transfer of von Uchtenhagen's goods into sovereign property . From this farmyard or Vorwerk, today's place emerged, which was an independent municipality from 1929 until it was incorporated into the city of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) in 1957.

Geographical location

Sonnenburg is about 5 km as the crow flies from the (core) town of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) and about 4 kilometers southwest of Altranft . About 1.5 km south of the village is the Franzenshof , a residential area belonging to the Lüdersdorf district of the city of Wriezen. The place is located in a forest landscape with heather and lakes. It can be reached via Altranft and a street from Bad Freienwalde. The district of Sonnenburg borders in the north on the (core) town of Bad Freienwalde, in the east on Altranft and Rathsdorf, in the south on Lüdersdorf and in the southwest and west on the district Haselberg.

Directly north of the development is the flooded Black Luch. To the east of the development, a small pond has formed again in the formerly dried out sand pool. To the southwest are two other small ponds; To the north-west is another almost circular pond. About a kilometer to the west is the somewhat larger Baasee with the "Waldschenke am Baasee". In 2005 about 100 people lived in the village.

Sonnenburg on the Urmes table sheet 3250 Bad Freienwalde from 1844

history

In the land register of 1375 a Sonnenberg or Sonnenburg in Barnim is described with the following words.

"Sunnenberg (other spelling Sunnenborg) est totata deserta, ut dicit."

- Schulze, Landbuch, p. 137

However, it is doubtful whether this is the sun castle described here. The Sonnenburg mentioned in the land book is in the context of the villages of Garzau , Gielsdorf , Hasenholz , Lichtenow , Zepernick and Willmersdorf . Rudolf Schmidt therefore assumes that this desert was also there. In contrast, Ernst Fidicin and the historical local dictionary identify the desert sun castle of the land book with the place described here. It would have fallen in desolation by the middle of the 14th century and would have been repopulated in the 15th century.

Rudolf Schmidt tells a different story about the development of the place Sonnenburg described here. In 1341 the Brandenburg Margrave Ludwig I ("the Brandenburger" or "the Elder") allowed the brothers Henning and Arndt von Uchtenhagen to have one in their town of Sonnenburg in the Neumark ( Oststernberg district or its predecessor Sternberg district) or in their area to build a permanent castle. In 1351 Pope Clement VI imposed the ban on Ludwig and his partisans, including von Uchtenhagen, because of a dispute between Margrave Ludwig and the bishop of Lebus Apetzko Deyn von Frankenstein . In 1354 a comparison was made (in the meantime between Ludwig II and the Lebuser Bishop Heinrich von Banz ), as a result of which the von Uchtenhagen had to cede the city of Sonnenburg to the Bishop of Lebus. Thereupon they built a new castle in their rule in Freienwalde and also named it Sonnenburg in memory of the lost property in Neumark. It is contradicting this story that this newly founded Sonnenburg is not listed in the land register. Perhaps archaeological finds can clarify whether one or the other story about the origins of Sonnenburg is true (e.g. through the discovery of early German fragments). The castle was still intact around 1600.

17th century

After the heirless death of Hans von Uchtenhagen in 1618, the small rule of von Uchtenhagen fell to the sovereign, who converted it into a sovereign office, the Amt of Freienwalde with its seat in the Vorwerk Torgelow . Sonnenburg became a Vorwerk of the office. This year there were 2 bulls, 25 dairy cows, heifers and heifers, 29 oxen, bulls and ox calves and 42 pigs in the Vorwerk . Presumably the Vorwerk was destroyed in the Thirty Years War or was left undeveloped for a long time. In 1649 some fields were still overgrown.

18th century

1704 the Vorwerk was given to Jacob Sydow on a long lease. According to the official inheritance register of 1704, the Vorwerk Sonnenburg included:

  1. the house with the cattle shed of 15 containers
  2. the Kornbodenhaus with 11 containers
  3. the smithy, this is where the shepherd lived
  4. the large barn with 18 containers
  5. the rye barn with 25 containers, an ox barn was attached to it
  6. Stölpen in the middle of the yard with 5 containers
  7. the shepherd's house with 7 containers
  8. the sheepfold with 24 containers

The forester's (or Heidereiterei) Sonnenburg was just a few hundred meters north. The Vorwerk Sonnenburg at that time had three fields with 333 acres and 7 square rods . The productivity of the soils was very different, however, the 2nd, 3rd and z. Sometimes even the 4th grain when sowing (Ao 1700) 6 bison rye, 3 bison 12 bushels of barley and 2 bison, 5 bushels of oats. Half of a meadow by Hechtsee belonged to the Torgelow plant, the other half to the Sonnenburg plant. It could be mowed twice in dry years. This also included the Koppelweide on the other half of Feldmark Torgelow (Vorwerk Platz of the city of Freienwalde) and in the Bürgerfeld to the city of Freienwalde. Sown areas were exempted and were not allowed to be entered except in frosty conditions. This year (= 1704) the tenant could bring in 4 to 5 loads of hay. He kept 800 sheep, but still had to buy additional hay. The attack on cattle was 11, but up to 60 could be fed. 30 to 40 pigs and poultry were kept. A part of the field marrow was still overgrown, the possible sowing on this not yet cleared area was estimated at 3 to 4 wispel. The area of ​​the Vorwerk included six lakes and ponds in which pike, gables and crabs could be caught. They were already very overgrown back then. According to the Urmes table sheet 3250 Freienwalde from 1844, Sandpfuhl and Schwarzes Luch were silted up. Together with the Vorwerk Torgelow, the guard on the other half of the Feldmark, which belonged to the city of Freienwalde, was called Torgelow, called Platz and on the Bürgerfeld.

In 1723 the tenant ("Arrendator") was called Peter Elßholtz, his successor was Christian Friedrich von Willer. However, the house had become quite dilapidated, so that the new tenant was guaranteed the Heidereitereihaus. The annual rent was 90 thalers. In 1725, Ludwig Sydow was tenant of the Freienwalde office and the Sonnenburg Vorwerk. The city of Freienwalde also leased its Vorwerk Platz to him. The Vorwerk Sonnenburg had 29 square rods in the three fields in 981 acres . After deducting the fallow land, he was supposed to pay 207 thalers, 3 groschen and 9 pfennigs rent. The 10 cows were set at 2 talers each, 6 cattle at 12 groschen each, 600 sheep per hundred at 14 talers, pigs and poultry at 3 talers and the use of the garden also at 3 talers. In total, he should pay 320 thalers, 3 groschen and 9 pfennigs annual rent. On the other hand, he wanted to lease only 250 thalers because there was no livestock at all and the far-away meadows were being dug up by the wild boars and were useless. In 1747 the Great Military Orphanage in Potsdam leased the Sonnenburg Vorwerk for 423 Taler and 5 Groschen.

In 1766 the Vorwerk Sonnenburg was managed by the son of the bailiff of the Freienwalde Münchehoff office. He kept 10 oxen, 300 sheep and 9 head of cattle and 22 head of young cattle on Sonnenburg. In 1775, in addition to the farm buildings, there was only one residential building in Sonnenburg in which six people lived and a sheep farm.

19th century

Until 1801 a small Büdnerkolonie had arisen in which four Büdner and four granny lived; a total of 44 people lived in Sonnenburg. In 1811 the copperplate engraver Johann Friedrich Frick got the Torgelow and Sonnenburg works in exchange for an inheritance allowance of 10,000 thalers and an annual contribution of 1160 thalers. The contract began with Trinity (May 22nd) 1812. Already in that year he began building a new manor house in Sonnenburg. For his investments, the annual rent was reduced to 856 thalers. In 1830, Frick received the "property of a manor suitable for the state assembly" for his goods Torgelow and Sonnenburg. This (conditional) property was passed on to his legitimate offspring, provided the two goods were not separated. The two outworks were then given to him for a small purchase price. In 1836 he sold the Torgelow and Sonnenburg farms for 60,000 thalers to the reindeer August Kabrun. Kabrun also received the conditional manor property for Sonnenburg and Torgelow through the “highest decree” of April 27, 1837. August Kabrun in turn sold it in 1840 (at a loss) for 58,000 thalers to the baroness Auguste von Goellnitz nee Olberg, wife of Baron Hans von Goellnitz. In 1840 there were 9 residential buildings in Sonnenburg, and a residential building belonged to the forestry department to the north of the property. In 1848 the baroness sold the Sonnenburg / Torgelow estate for 116,000 thalers to Johann Gottfried Kreitling from Niederschönhausen . He swapped Sonnenburg and Torgelow for Gut Landhof near Wriezen, which belonged to Berlin-based Carl Hellwig. Hellwig leased the property to Andreas Ackermann; he was followed by his son Adolf Ackermann. In 1851 Hellwig went bankrupt and Hans Grunow acquired the estate for 83,100 thalers from the bankruptcy estate. In 1852 he sold it again to the merchant Hermann Jung for 95,800 thalers. Jung received the conditional manor property through the “highest order” of November 2, 1856. In 1856 the city of Freienwalde sold the so-called Torgelow combing for 11,000 thalers to Jung. The combing was a strip of pine forest that the city of Freienwalde had received in 1847 when the maintenance and fattening rights of the Vorwerke Torgelow and Platz were replaced. In 1852 13 oxen were kept as draft animals at Sonnenburg. Wine was grown in the castle park and a mulberry plantation was maintained. They thought of setting up a silkworm farm. Bees were also kept. In that year the castle-like manor house was completely renovated and a clock tower was added.

In 1860 there were 10 residential houses and 17 farm buildings in Sonnenburg. The nearby head forester's office in Sonnenburg had a public building and three farm buildings. It did not belong to the Torgelow / Sonnenburg manor district, but to the Freienwalde forest district. Lignite was mined on the site of the Sonnenburg estate in 1864 (Capitain, Edmund and Mann pits). This year, the Capitain , Edmund and Mann mines were combined with the Freienwalde and General mines near Freienwalde, Caroline near Rathsdorf, Martin near Altranft, Gute Hoffnung near Franzenshof and Haselhof near Haselhof to form the Thaer mining company based in Freienwalde.

In 1864 the manor Sonnenburg / Torgelow was separated; Jung sold the Vorwerk Torgelow for 100,000 thalers to the manor owner Wilhelm von Jena , who was based in Cöthen . The sale also included the so-called Torgelow combing . The manor property was granted to Jung on the Sonnenburg estate alone. In 1878 he also sold the Sonnenburg estate to the reindeer Friedrich Satow for 442,500 marks.

20th century

By 1900 there were already 12 houses in Sonnenburg. In 1905 the Sonnenburg manor became the property of the Landbank Berlin, and in 1906 it was acquired by the bank director Ludwig Roland gen. Lücke, who lives in Berlin-Grunewald. After his death, his widow sold the estate to Max Rüping in 1917. In 1924 Gut Sonnenburg changed hands again for one million gold marks, to Curt Saß. In 1929 the Sonnenburg manor district was combined with the greater part of the Sonnenburg-Torgelow forest manor district to form the community of Sonnenburg. A part of the Sonnenburg estate district, the so-called Sonnenburger Wiesen, came to the city of Freienwalde. The Torgelow protection district went to the Dannenberg / Mark community. Sonnenburg became an independent rural community.

In 1931 there were 14 houses in the village. In 1936 Joachim von Ribbentrop bought the estate; At that time, Ribbentrop was German ambassador in London, and from 1938 Reich Foreign Minister. He also used the property to breed horses. In the winter of 1944/45 the office of the Reich Foreign Ministry, headed by Ribbentrop, was relocated to Sonnenburg. In the spring of 1945 it stopped working because the front reached Sonnenburg.

After the Second World War , the property was expropriated and refugees were housed in the manor house. In the land reform of 1946, 127 hectares were divided up: 110 hectares went to 11 resettlers and 17 hectares to five agricultural workers and landless farmers. As early as 1953, an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) was established in the village. The merger with LPG Type III in Altranft took place as early as 1957. In the same year Sonnenburg was incorporated into the city of Bad Freienwalde. From then on, Sonnenburg was part of the town of Bad Freienwalde. In 1969, the Eberswalde Forest Science Institute maintained the district forester in Sonnenburg. Today Sonnenburg is a residential area of ​​the city of Bad Freienwalde.

In 1990 the LPG was dissolved and the estate was returned to private ownership. It stood empty for a long time and fell into disrepair. In 2008 a Berlin artist, Evelyne Bülow, bought the property. The manager's house was to be converted into holiday apartments and a café. The renovation of the manor house began. The Sonnenburg district forester also belongs to Sonnenburg.

Population development from 1734 to 1946

year 1734 1801 1817 1840 1858 1895 1925 1939 1946
Residents 34 44 54 104 139 122 100 102 119

natural reserve

The 562 hectare Hutelandschaft Altranft-Sonnenburg nature reserve extends to the southern outskirts (including the Sandpfuhl) .

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Märkisch-Oderland lists two monuments, the ground monument

  • No. 60490 Village center of the German Middle Ages, village center of the modern age, tower hill German Middle Ages

and the monument:

  • No. 09180221: Sonnenburg manor complex (Sonnenburg 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12), consisting of a mansion, park with remains of the enclosure wall and doll's house, manor with inspector's house (ruins), horse stable, cowshed, barn, storage, as well as four residential buildings with outbuildings

The estate probably goes back to a supply yard for the Sonnenburg Castle. At the beginning of the 17th century it was set up as a Vorwerk by the Freienwalde Office. From 1812, today's manor was built. The manor house is a two-storey building. It consists of a central building and two side wings. On the middle building there is a bell and clock tower. The manor house was built from 1812. In 1838 the middle part of the house was extended by one storey. In 1858 the clock tower was added and the facade was redesigned in the style of late classicism . In 1936 there were further major modifications planned by Albert Speer . A bunker was also built during these conversions. In 1947 the bunker was blown up and the facade of the manor house was damaged. The facade was rebuilt in a simplified manner. After the Second World War, refugees were initially housed in the manor house. The manor house was later used by the LPG as a consumption, cultural space and canteen. In 2008 the manor house was acquired by an entrepreneur who wants to gradually renovate the property.

The residential and farm buildings are on both sides of the courtyard. Two farm workers' houses also belong to the estate. One of the houses was built in 1870, the other in 1910. The manor park is currently overgrown.

supporting documents

literature

  • Lieselott Enders (with the assistance of Margot Beck): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VI: Barnim. Weimar 1980, DNB 810983753
  • Ernst Fidicin: The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or history of the individual districts, cities, manors and history of the district of Ober-Barnim and the cities, manors, villages etc. located in the same Berlin 1858.
  • Ilona Rohowski, Ingetraud Senst: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Brandenburg. Volume 9.1: District of Märkisch-Oderland. Part 1: towns of Bad Freienwalde and Wriezen, villages in Niederoderbruch. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms am Rhein 2005, ISBN 3-88462-230-7 , pp. 384–388.
  • Rudolf Schmidt: From the Pfuelen Land I. District Committee of the Oberbarnim District, Bad Freienwalde (Oder) 1928.
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) (HS) of April 24, 2014 (Word document for download)
  2. ↑ Thomas Philipp von der Hagen: Description of the city of Freyenwald of the Gesundbrunnens. Berlin 1784, p. 31. (online at Google Books)
  3. ^ A b c Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. Reinhold Kühn, Berlin 1857. (online at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf)
  4. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government in Potsdam and the City of Berlin. Year 1864, p. 40. (online at Google Books)
  5. ↑ Martin Kaule: Brandenburg 1933-1945: the historical travel guide. (Preview on Google Books)
  6. ↑ Christian Gahlbeck, Vacys Vaivada, Joachim Tauber: Archive leaders on the history of Memel and the German-Lithuanian relations. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006. (Preview on Google Books)
  7. ↑ Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. VI, p. 529f.
  8. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.6. District of Märkisch-Oderland PDF
  9. ↑ Jens Sell: Sonnenburger Schlossherrin sticks to her plans. In: MOZ. January 13, 2011.