Samuel of Marshal

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Samuel von Marschall (born  August 29, 1683 in Königsberg in East Prussia , †  December 11, 1749 in Berlin ) was minister under the Prussian kings Friedrich Wilhelm I and Friedrich II. Marshal is considered one of the most important men of Prussia in the phase of his first political and economic advancement. He introduced modern methods of administration in the absolutist kingdom.

origin

The Scottish noble family Marishall de Clothoderick , traceable up to the 11th century, was largely related to the House of Stuart . The father Andreas Marishall de Clothoderick had entered the service of Brandenburg as a young cadet in Königsberg, East Prussia . The mother was Margarethá von Zuylen (born 1662). The Dutch noble family van Zuylen had lived in the province of Utrecht since the 14th century .

In Brandenburg and later in Prussia the family was considered to be middle class . At the end of 1717, the noble origin of Prussia was recognized after Samuel Marschall had become a close confidante of the king.

Life

In 1704 Marschall, as the family called himself, began studying law in Halle an der Saale . After graduation he was first postmaster in Wusterhausen an der Dosse . It was there that Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm met him. In 1713 Friedrich Wilhelm became king in Prussia, and Marschall successfully asked for a position as court advisor and secretary. He introduced the young king to the art of government and administration. So he got him used to writing marginal notes on the documents presented to him - these royal Prussian marginal notes achieved some notoriety in the 18th century. In succession to Ehrenreich Bogislaus von Creutz , Marschall became First Cabinet Secretary and remained so until he became Minister in 1733.

As confidante of the king, he was entrusted with a variety of offices and functions, which he performed at the same time:

  • 1716 Secret Court and Post Council
  • 1719 Vice-Director for the Königlich-Joachimthalische Gymnasium and the Berlin Cathedral Church (at that time the Dominican or Black Monastery)
  • In 1722 the king combined the naval and recruitment funds and entrusted Marshal with their management.
  • 1723 Secret Finance, War and Domain Council at the IV. Department (Department) of the General Directory for the Postal Service
  • Oberfinanzrat
  • 1724 Vice-Director of the Kurmärkische Landschaft
  • 1728 District Administrator for the Niederbarnim district
  • 1733 director of the Kurmärkische Landschaft
  • 1733 conducting minister with the title "Real Secret Finance, War and Domain Council"
  • Vice-President of the Executive Board
  • 1739 Chairman of the Justice Commission together with Justice Minister Georg Dietloff von Arnim with the task of accelerating the judicial reform after Cocceji's disempowerment

After the death of King Friedrich Wilhelm in 1740, his successor Friedrich II decided that the recruiting fund and its director would remain and that in future applications for a decision would only be submitted to the king after thorough consultation with the Marshal. In 1740 the young king founded the fifth department for factories, commerce and manufactories and appointed Marshal as the minister in charge of this department, that is to say as minister of trade and economy.

He now also became the king's confidante in all civil matters and received additional offices and functions:

  • 1743 member of a commission for the revitalization and unification of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Arts; then honorary member of the academy .
  • 1745 Postmaster General. For over 35 years, Marschall made a decisive contribution to making the Prussian postal system a modern and very efficient institution.
  • 1747 management of the colonist system (recruiting foreign settlers). In Prussia, Marschall began systematic job and economic statistics. With the results he proved the amount and type of missing farmers and craftsmen for the existing production facilities. As a consequence, he created a network of agents in non-Prussian areas that had the task of determining the respective production and trade structure and attracting skilled workers in a targeted manner.

After all, he was entitled "Real Secret Budget and War Minister".

family

He married Marianna Karoline von Boerstell . The couple had a daughter and three sons:

  • Sophia Wilhelmine Dorothea (* 1723; † March 8, 1748) ⚭ June 27, 1743 Count Rudolph I of Buenau (* July 27, 1711; † February 8, 1772)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm, Legation Councilor, Canon in Havelberg († 1805) ⚭ Sophie Christine Dorothea (born November 18, 1734; † August 14, 1802), daughter of Count Heinrich von Podewils
  • Wilhelm Friedrich, died as a child in an accident
  • Friedrich Karl, Canon in Havelberg ⚭ NN of Wreech

Real estate

Palais Marschall (left with bluish roof) on Wilhelmplatz
- right of it Wilhelmstr. 77 (later Reich Chancellery ), front left: Gold and Silver Manufactory, Wilhelmstr. 79

In 1722 he acquired real estate in Rahnsdorf and the surrounding area. After purchasing another property in 1737, Philipp Gerlach had a palace built on Wilhelmstrasse , at that time No. 8 . Since 1872, Vossstrasse ran right through the middle of the grounds of the palace and the garden at the back. In 1928/30 an extension of the Reich Chancellery was enough to cover parts of the Palais property and finally Hitler’s Reich Chancellery was built in the garden of the palace .

In 1739 the Ranft manor on the edge of the Oderbruch was purchased . He had a wall wall made there and a canal built, which later served as a model for the dike and drainage of the entire Oderbruch. In addition, Marschall was the owner of the Dahlwitz , Münchehofe, Tasdorf estates (today part of Rüdersdorf near Berlin ).

Others

Samuel von Marschall found his final resting place in the crypt of the church in Dahlwitz .

Not for him, but probably after Marshal Blucher , which was a few hundred meters away from his palace Marschallbrücke named.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maximilian Gritzner : Chronological register of the Brandenburg-Prussian class elevations and acts of grace from 1600–1873. Berlin 1874, p. 18.
  2. ^ Marshal, Samuel von . In: Werner Hartkopf: The Berlin Academy of Sciences. Its members and award winners 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-05-002153-5 , p. 232.
  3. ^ Newly augmented Historical and Geographical General Lexicon, p. 1076.
  4. ↑ Moniteur des Dates, 1869, p. 181.
  5. ↑ European genealogical handbook, p. 146.
  6. ^ European genealogical handbook, p. 181.
  7. ↑ Karl Friedrich von Benekendorff, Small economic trips , Volume 2, Küstrin 1784, p. 352.


personal data
SURNAME Marshal, Samuel of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Samuel Marishall de Clothoderick
BRIEF DESCRIPTION minister
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1683
PLACE OF BIRTH Königsberg (Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1749
Place of death Berlin