Vossstrasse
| Vossstrasse | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
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| To the north of Leipziger Platz (bottom left) , Vossstraße led from Wilhelmplatz to Königgrätzer Straße | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | 1874 |
| Hist. Names | At Colonnade No. 15 |
| Connecting roads |
Mohrenstrasse (east) , Hans-von-Bülow-Strasse (west) |
| Cross streets |
Ebertstrasse , Gertrud-Kolmar-Strasse , Wilhelmstrasse |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 440 meters |
The Voßstraße located in the center of Berlin . It runs in an east-west direction from Wilhelmstrasse to Ebertstrasse in the Mitte district . During the empire it became part of the government district. It is internationally known as the former location of Hitler's New Reich Chancellery , the ruins of which were demolished in the early 1950s.
Almost every plot of land has a history - house numbers: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4–5 · 10 · 11 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25–30 · 33 · 34–35 and are there under monument protection .
Palais Marshal
In connection with the expansion of Friedrichstadt and the layout of Wilhelmstrasse, this plot of land with a depth of more than 400 meters was created around 1735. It reached from Wilhelmstrasse to the excise wall (today's Ebertstrasse). The Minister Samuel von Marschall had the Marschall Palace built for himself in 1737 . Since 1800 it was owned by the von Voss family and was called the Vossisches Palais .
After the last permanent resident, Carl Otto Friedrich von Voss, died in 1864, disputes over the valuable property at Wilhelmstrasse 78 broke out. A line of Voss on book died out with General Ferdinand August Hans Friedrich Graf von Voss (* October 17, 1788 - July 1, 1871), 1833-1840 commander of the Kaiser-Alexander-Grenadier-Regiment , since 1854 retired. However, he lived on Buch near Berlin and never on Wilhelmstrasse. With his death, the conflict over the inheritance was resolved by the remaining community of heirs selling the property to the Berliner Bankenverein on November 1, 1871 .
Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , immediate neighbor at number 77 , was strictly against private use by renting apartments in Wilhelmstrasse and, in his capacity as Prussian Prime Minister, tried to acquire the property in order to use the palace and property for institutions of the Prussian government or otherwise for an authority of the German Empire , however, could not justify the demanded purchase price.
Division of the property
The bank hired a real estate company to demolish the historic palace and divide the area up. A private access road will be created through the elongated property from Wilhelmstraße to the former city wall (now Königgrätzer Straße). In honor of General Graf von Voss, who died in 1871, it was named Vossstraße on May 2, 1874.
The area of the former building was divided into two parcels. Building plots 1–19 were created on the north side together with the previous park.
On the southern side of the street, the plots originally accessible from Leipziger Platz were given an additional development as Vossstraße 20-26.
Parcels 27–32 previously belonged to the park at Wilhelmstrasse 78.
The southern neighbor of the Marschall Palace at Wilhelmstrasse 79 was the gold and silver factory building for the Potsdam military orphanage , which was built by Philipp Gerlach and later operated by Johann Andreas Kraut . In 1848 the newly established Prussian Ministry of Economic Affairs ( Ministry of Trade, Industry and Public Works ) was housed here and in 1854/1855 the building was rebuilt and extended by Friedrich August Stüler . His courtyard and back building became the building plots at Vossstrasse 33 to 35. The Prussian state kept No. 35 for an extension that had been planned for some time and sold plots 33 and 34 to private builders; Over the decades, however, they were re-acquired and connected to the corner property again.
Imperial times
Vossstraße 1 was the northern corner of Wilhelmstraße. The Palais Borsig was built for the businessman and factory owner Albert Borsig at this prominent place . It was built between 1875 and 1877 under the architect and director of the Berlin Building Academy Richard Lucae in the style of the then very popular Neo-Renaissance .
The remaining plot of land at Wilhelmstrasse 78 enclosed the new plot of land Vossstrasse 1 in an L-shape and had a second entrance as Vossstrasse 2. The Prince of Pless , Hans Heinrich XI. von Hochberg , had a French architect build a small palace complex in the French style from 1873 to 1875, thus recognizing the Louvre and Loire castles (such as Amboise ). Shortly after the Franco-Prussian War, this caused a great sensation and incomprehension in Berlin . Because of the countless chimneys on the roof, the Berliners called it the "Chimney Sweep Academy". In 1913/1914 it was demolished for an extension to the Reich Chancellery planned for 1915; but because of the First World War , this idea was not implemented until 1928. In the meantime, a dummy was built as a facade in Vossstraße 2 .
In 1892 the palace built by the architect Walter Kyllmann for the Royal Bavarian Legation was opened at Vossstraße 3. The Bavarian envoy in Berlin was Count von Lerchenfeld-Köfering . With the Württemberg and Saxon counterparts in numbers 10 and 19 , this was an early forerunner of the state representations of the federal states built in this area today .
In the building at Vossstrasse 4 and 5, which was erected from 1877 to 1880, from 1880 to 1935 the departments of justice ministry were repeatedly housed across the changing political systems of the German Reich , the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich ; the Reich Justice Office and then the Reich Ministry of Justice . As at the Palais Borsig at number 1 , the sculptor of historicism Otto Lessing was commissioned with the execution of the architectural sculptures from 1878 to 1880.
The Kingdom of Württemberg set up its embassy at Vossstrasse 10.
The city palace at Vossstraße 16 was built from 1872 to 1875 according to plans by Heinrich Joseph Kayser and Karl von Großheim for the Friedrich Meyer banking family in neo-renaissance style. The facade was structured with columns, balconies and window capitals. On the ground floor facing the street was the office of E. J. Meyer-Bank, founded in 1816 by Elias Joachim Meyer - a founding member of Deutsche Bank - and the Dutch embassy, later the Germanist Richard Moritz Meyer ran a literary salon here. The building of the office of the employers' association Gesamtmetall , which published a history of the property written by Myriam Richter, is located on the property today .
Vossstraße 19 was the corner property at the western end of the north side towards Königgrätzer Straße (later: Hermann-Göring-Straße , today: Ebertstraße). The Saxon Legation building was erected there at the end of the 19th century by the architects Friedrich Hitzig and Rötger.
Opposite the Saxon Legation, the house at Vossstraße 20 was built on the southern side - a normal residential and office building. The naval armor of Admiral Tirpitz also required more space for the naval command in Berlin; Thus, in extension of the ministry at No. 24, between 1905 and 1914 naval offices were housed here.
The historicist architect Julius Hennicke built the Köhne residential building at Vossstraße 21 on the south side of the street from 1872–1873.
With its courtyard of honor , the Mosse-Palais at Vossstraße 22 was probably the most impressive building. The Corps de Logis already had a representative side as an existing building at Leipziger Platz 15. In 1880 the opportunity offered by the newly laid out Vossstrasse was used, the two side wings were added and the house was also opened to the north. The embassy of the Ottoman Empire was located here until 1897, when it moved to Alsenstrasse . Later , the house was to see some great times.
Leipziger Platz 14 to Voßstraße 23 was built around 1900 as a commercial building for the Berlin tram company.
The " Reichsmarineamt ", the Imperial Navy Ministry , resided at the more elegant address Leipziger Platz 13 (that is the northeast sloping side of the square) opposite the manor house . As Vossstrasse 24, it had a back entrance, which was also used by the Navy High Command . Due to a lack of space, rooms at Vossstraße 20 were later used . From 1914 the navy moved one kilometer west into the Bendlerblock .
On the neighboring property at Leipziger Platz 12, the department store "Wertheim Leipziger Straße" was built from 1896 according to plans by Alfred Messel and expanded to the adjacent Voßstraße 25-30 by 1906. At the same time, the Hochbahngesellschaft built the “Spittelmarktlinie” under these properties and below Vossstrasse . Static problems with this early tunnel construction preoccupied the building professionals after the fall of the Wall and have made it difficult to rebuild in this area of Leipziger Platz to this day. Until the completion of the line, now known as the “Centrumslinie” - the department store had its own entrance from the train station - the site continued to belong to the Hochbahngesellschaft, which sold it to Wertheim in 1910.
Voßstraße 33 was built as a residential building by the architects Ende & Böckmann from 1884–1886 . In 1925 it was connected to the Reichsbahn buildings number 34–35 . Today it is the only remaining building on the whole street front.
For the Ministry of Infrastructure ( Ministry of Public Works ), which was spun off from the Prussian Ministry of Economic Affairs ( Ministry of Trade, Industry and Public Works ) in 1878 , which at that time mainly dealt with railways, waterways and construction, the planned extension at Vossstraße No. 35 used. Richard Lucae designed this building as well as the Palais Borsig at No. 1 across the street . The civil engineer Friedrich Schulze was entrusted with the construction management from 1875–1876. The two neighboring ministries were run in personal union until 1879. The Ministry of Public Works was then expanded from 1905–1908 to include a further building in the adjacent Vossstrasse 34.
Around 1915 Georg Wertheim founded a cartridge pouch factory in Vossstrasse as an entry point into arms production.
Weimar Republic
From 1919 the entire Wilhelmstrasse 79/80 and Vossstrasse 34/35 complex was used by the Reich Ministry of Transport . The head office of Mitropa operated under the address Vossstraße , which from 1916 to 2002 provided and carried out the catering for travelers in train stations and motorway service stations as well as the operation of sleeping and dining cars as a catering and accommodation company. In 1924, the privatized Reichsbahngesellschaft took over the corner building of the former gold and silver factory and the houses in Vossstraße that were included in the imperial era. In 1925, house no. 33 was rebuilt, inconspicuously increased with staggered floors and attached to the Reichsbahn administration.
Hans Lachmann-Mosse , the son-in-law of the Jewish-German publisher Rudolf Mosse , uses the former Turkish embassy at number 22 . The private art gallery of the Mosse publishing family could be visited. Letters, politicians and artists frequented here and made the house, soon to be called the Mosse-Palais , a center of social life in Berlin in the golden twenties - which came to an abrupt end in 1932/1933.
From 1926 to 1927, the former Marine Ministry was demolished and created the largest department store in Europe with the third extension on Leipziger Platz 13, Voßstraße 24 -30 / Leipziger Strasse was 131. At the Voßstraße while the farmyard for delivery, staff entrance and offices.
Between 1928 and 1930 the expansion of the Reich Chancellery, which had been planned a decade and a half earlier, took place. The architect was Eduard Jobst Siedler , Wolf Jobst Siedler's uncle . Although the building was located on the site of the old Marschall Palace , it was no longer connected to Vossstrasse 2 - a small office building for the Reich government had meanwhile been built here.
National Socialism
The " Gau line Greater Berlin " of the NSDAP was only since 1 May 1930 less than a kilometer south of Hedemannstraße 10. In October 1932, she moved with great pomp in the Voßstraße 11 to the spatial proximity to the Reich Chancellery claim to document the power. For the same reason, Hitler and Goebbels had been living on Wilhelmplatz opposite the Reich Chancellery in the Hotel Kaiserhof since August 1932 , where they had set up a Reich headquarters for the NSDAP. In 1937 the house at Vossstrasse 11, which had been built as a residential building at the end of the 19th century, was sold to the German Reich.
An SA group "Intelligence Service", which was already notorious for mistreatment in the nearby Hedemannstrasse 31/32, quartered itself on March 31, 1933 in Vossstrasse 18, where an "office" of the SA was set up. Even back then, the word “barracks” was used for all SA properties - but it is not appropriate for the apartments and office floors, fits better with the notorious torture cellars on what would later be Werner- Voss -Damm in what was actually a former barracks and causes confusion. Probably from a window on the third floor of Vossstraße 18, the kidnapped and already repeatedly abused Hans Otto was thrown after an interrogation in order to simulate a suicide attempt; the actor died a short time later from the injuries.
With the abolition of the independence of the states by the law on the reconstruction of the Reich of January 30, 1934 and the subsequent law on the repeal of the Reichsrat on February 14, 1934 , the Bavarian, Württemberg and Saxon legations in Vossstrasse largely lost their purpose, but retained certain mediation tasks - for example for business contacts.
In 1934, the main state archive in Stuttgart recorded the application from the NS-Kurier publishing house to lease rooms in the office building of the Württemberg embassy in No. 10 as well as the application from the NSDAP district court in Berlin for the office building to be leased. In mid-1937 the state of Württemberg sold the building to the German Reich and acquired a new agency at Hildebrandstrasse 16.
In 1934, the "Academy for German Law" moved to No. 22 .
The Reichsautobahnen company as a subsidiary of the Deutsche Reichsbahn got its seat in its administration at Vossstraße 35 .
The German Labor Front used No. 23 from 1936 .
The future planning envisaged the inclusion of Vossstrasse in the planned " world capital Germania ".
Hitler's Reich Chancellery
In 1934, considerations for the New Reich Chancellery - that was the official name at the time - on Vossstrasse by Hitler and the architect Albert Speer began , even if the ideas about expansion and architectural design did not materialize until 1935/36.
As early as mid-1937, the German Reich bought the former Saxon and Württemberg embassies for the construction of the New Reich Chancellery. In 1937 the buildings on Vossstrasse 2-10 were demolished. At the turn of the year 1937/1938 the remaining houses followed on the entire north side, their users had been assigned to other properties some time ago.
In mid-January 1939 the building with its 421 meter long front was completed. The two mighty portals in Vossstrasse, in front of which armed SS men stood guard of honor , were, however, mock-ups with no relation to the internal functions of the building - in reality, access was from Wilhelmstrasse, for high-ranking visitors only via the courtyard with an adjoining 300 -Meter room sequence.
The Palais Borsig ( No. 1 ), which had been owned by the Reich since 1934 , was integrated into the new building, including its street façades, while the interior of the building was adapted to the new architecture and the rear façades were torn down for the construction of the courtyard. Here, in addition to the Reich leadership of the SA, was the Presidential Chancellery , which until 1934 dealt with the affairs of the previously existing office of the Reich President as head of state. After 1934 she was responsible for appointments of officials, mercy matters, awards of medals and titles as well as protocol tasks.
The “ Führerbunker ”, built from 1943 onwards, is also associated with Vossstrasse, but was built on the plot at Wilhelmstrasse 77 in the garden of the Old Reich Chancellery. As a precaution, the New Reich Chancellery on the site of historic Wilhelmstrasse 78 was provided with a long row of air raid shelters as early as 1938 . Some of these were open to the civilian population; For example, mothers living in the area with their children and pregnant women were given reserved spaces in air raid shelters on Vossstrasse, which was also emphasized by the Nazi propaganda (“German women threatened by bomb terror as guests of the Führer”). Otherwise, employees from the surrounding ministries were allowed to visit him, while Hitler and his entourage used several bunkers at Wilhelmstrasse 77.
post war period
By the Allied air raids and the Battle of Berlin , almost all buildings had been severely damaged and 1945; In the immediate vicinity was the Reich Chancellery, which had been captured in the street fighting during the last days of the war.
On October 13, 1948, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) gave the order to level all buildings associated with the Nazi regime on Wilhelmstrasse and the corner of Vossstrasse in order to avoid the creation of pilgrimage sites. This was largely implemented until 1949/1950.
The Wertheim building complex was partially destroyed in an Allied air raid in late November 1943; the ruins were demolished in 1955/1956.
There was only a single intact building on the whole street front, with offices of the Deutsche Reichsbahn on the south side at Vossstraße 33 as well as adjoining rear parts of buildings numbered 34 and 35. They continued to be used until after the fall of the Wall (as had been the case since 1873) used for the railway administration, among other things for a library and the occupational health service.
After the division of Berlin, Vossstrasse was in the Soviet sector of Berlin and thus belonged to East Berlin . Originally the government of the GDR planned a government quarter in this area and set up the house of ministries in the former Reich Aviation Ministry in the vicinity .
During the popular uprising on June 17, 1953 , the government found itself cut off on the outskirts of West Berlin with no possibility of escape and abandoned any expansion plans in the area around Leipziger Platz. Vossstraße was in the security area of the Berlin Wall , and the remaining ruins were leveled for a better overview, as was the partially destroyed rear building of number 34 .
In 1988/1989, large-panel apartment blocks were built on Wilhelmstrasse up to Vossstrasse .
After the wall came down
The building at Vossstraße 33 is still used today for various events. On April 19, 2005, a new text and image volume about the New Reich Chancellery and the Führerbunker was presented here. On May 25 and 26, 2005, the premiere of the first of three parts of the film The Berlin Government Quarter took place in the last preserved historic building from the pre-war period at Vossstraße 33-35. This fully computer-animated film is intended to give a detailed and impressive overview of the construction work in Berlin's government district between 1932 and 1945. On October 27, 2007, the Berlin fair for avant-garde fashion, organized by IDEAL Berlin , took place in the premises in Vossstraße 33, designed as Villa Noir .
In 2011, moved Embassy of Singapore in the new building Voßstraße 17th
From April 21, 2000 to November 20, 2005, the HiFlyer, known as the Sat.1 balloon , was launched on the property on the northern corner of Vossstrasse and Ebertstrasse and annually let almost 100,000 Berliners and tourists hover at a height of 150 meters above the city of Berlin. An office villa was built on the corner plot based on designs by Gerkan, Marg and Partners , who also built the joint state representative office for Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania on the northern parallel street An den Ministergärten .
With the new construction of the Mall of Berlin from 2011 to 2014, the space situation on Voßstraße changed fundamentally. The building, which includes Vossstrasse 33, occupies the entire south side of Vossstrasse. The closure of the last vacant lot on the north of Leipziger Platz with the same building means that the southern street front of Vossstrasse is completely built up again as it was before 1945. A new passage enables passage to Leipziger Strasse at the level of the Federal Council.
Vossstrasse in Lichtenrade
Another street with the same name in the Berlin district of Lichtenrade was named after the poet Johann Heinrich Voss (1751-1826). The 200-meter-long street on which single-family houses were built was named Schottburger Strasse in 1936 and has not appeared in contemporary history.
literature
- Laurenz Demps : Berlin-Wilhelmstrasse. A topography of Prussian-German power . 3rd updated edition. Ch.Links, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-86153-228-X .
- Christoph Neubauer: City guide through Hitler's Berlin - yesterday & today . Flashback Medienverlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813977-0-3 .
- Myriam Richter: Vossstraße 16. In the center of (without) power . Kölner Universitätsverlag, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-87427-107-3 .
Web links
- Vossstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Vossstrasse . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- Photo-realistic 3D reconstructions of all buildings on Vossstrasse
- Vossstraße and other pages at the Federal Office of Administration; unfortunately burdened with some mistakes and rumors
References and comments
- ^ The official building of the Royal Bavarian Legation in Berlin . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 42 (1892), Col. 301–306, Plate 46–46A. Digitized in the holdings of the Central and State Library Berlin .
- ↑ Wolf Dieter Gruner: Lerchenfeld-Köfering, Hugo Graf von und zu. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 313 f. ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Reconstruction of the Reich Justice Office No. 4/5 ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Reconstruction of the Württemberg legation No. 10 ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ^ Vossstrasse 16: In the center of (powerless) power
- ↑ Reconstruction of the Saxon Legation No. 19 ( memento of October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at albert-atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Reconstruction of No. 22 ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Leipziger Platz 14 ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at the Federal Office of Administration
- ↑ Water ingress: U2 traffic interrupted . In: Berliner Zeitung Online , March 31, 2012; the lock lasted until May
- ↑ Wertheim area ( Memento of the original dated August 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at the Federal Office of Administration
- ↑ Reconstruction of the Reich Ministry of Transport ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ^ Reconstruction of the Wertheim department store ( Memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Reconstruction of the "Gauhaus der NSDAP" ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Martin Schuster: The SA in the National Socialist seizure of power in Berlin and Brandenburg 1926–1934 . TU Berlin, Berlin 2004, p. 243 , urn : nbn: de: kobv: 83-opus-8762 ( kobv.de [PDF; 3,9 MB ] dissertation).
- ^ "Papestrasse" barracks of the SA "Field Police"
- ^ Law on the rebuilding of the empire
- ↑ File “Bü 359” in the main state archive in Stuttgart
- ^ Berlin Mitte - headquarters of the Reichsautobahn construction . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 9, 2000, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 12-20 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- ↑ Planning illustration “Voßstraße in Germania” ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ↑ Portal (backdrop) of the New Reich Chancellery in Vossstrasse . At: Spiegel Online
- ^ New Reich Chancellery ( Memento of May 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) in the exhibition Topography of Terror
- ↑ Laurenz Demps reports on his recruitment investigation as a railroad worker in an rbb documentation on Wilhelmstrasse.
- ↑ Reconstruction of No. 33 in a historical context ( memento from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) at atelier-neubauer.de
- ^ Association Chronicle - The Year 2005 ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Berliner Unterwelten e. V.
- ↑ Fashion events, The Villa Noir Berlin Experience in Berlin ( Memento from May 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Birgitt Eltzel: Instead of balloons, offices and shops will be in the future. In: Berliner Zeitung . April 6, 2005, accessed September 17, 2017 .
- ^ Vossstraße, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, district Lichtenrade . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 39.6 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 48 ″ E