Reich Ministry of Justice

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The Reich Ministry of Justice was a ministry of the German Reich . It was established in 1919 as the successor to the Reich Justice Office and existed until May 23, 1945. The Federal Republic of Germany has had a Federal Ministry of Justice since September 20, 1949 , and since 2007 the Federal Office of Justice .

building

The Reich Ministry of Justice at Wilhelmstrasse 65, Berlin 1938

The Reich Ministry of Justice was initially housed in the building of the former Reich Justice Office at Berlin Vossstrasse  4-5. The building was demolished in 1937 because of the construction of the New Reich Chancellery .

After the sovereignty of the federal states had been abolished with the "Provisional Law for the Harmonization of the States with the Reich" of March 31, 1933, the Prussian Ministry of Justice was merged with the Reich Ministry of Justice in 1935. The Reich Ministry of Justice then used the building of the former Prussian Ministry of Justice at Wilhelmstrasse 65 between 1935 and its destruction in 1944.

It was built in 1736 and, after a renovation by the architect David Gilly in 1808 , served as the residence of the Prussian Prince August Ferdinand . Karl Friedrich Schinkel redesigned it in 1815 and 1817 for his son August and Karoline Friederike von Waldenburg . After their deaths, their heirs and that of Auguste von Prillwitz sold it to the Prussian state in 1844.

He used it as a ministry and official residence for the minister and the Prussian administration of justice. A series of extensions in 1865–1872, 1898 and 1909 provided work space in the growing ministry. The neighboring Royal Civil Cabinet had to surrender the rear part of the property to the Ministry of Justice so that Carl Vohl could build an additional building there.

During the Second World War , an air raid in December 1944 destroyed the main building except for the surrounding walls. After 1950, including a preserved garden pavilion from around 1735, the property was initially kept free for a passage from the Französische Strasse to Wilhelmstrasse. Because of the construction of the Berlin Wall, the road did not break through and in 1966 a playground was created on the property. It wasn't until the French road was extended in 2009 that it turned into road land. Vohl's rear building survived the war, was the seat of the “Hanns Eisler” University of Music in Berlin for decades and is now connected to the house of the former civil cabinet, which is used by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture .

History and function according to the Weimar Constitution

Stamp of the first Reich Ministry of Justice 1848/1849 in the memorial for the freedom movements in German history

Already in the emerging German Empire of 1848/1849 there was an imperial government, the Provisional Central Authority . A Reich Justice Minister sat at the cabinet table: initially briefly Johann Gustav Heckscher , from August 1848 to May 1849 then Robert von Mohl , and until December 20, 1849 Johann Hermann Detmold .

After the establishment of the Reich in 1871, the Reich Justice Office was created in 1877 as a department in what was then the Reich Chancellery . During his time, for example, the Reichsjustizgesetze GVG , ZPO and StPO came into force in 1879 and the BGB on January 1, 1900. Despite this legal standardization, the administration of the courts and judicial authorities was still the responsibility of the German states .

In 1919, with the establishment of the Weimar Republic, the Reich Justice Office became independent and renamed the “Reich Ministry of Justice”. The Ministry continued to have its seat in Berlin in the building of the former Reich Justice Office.

With Gustav Radbruch the Ministry in 1921 stood in front of the 20th century until 1923 one of the most significant right-wing politicians and legal scholars. A comprehensive reform of the penal code and the first German juvenile justice law are associated with his name .

The job of the Reich Ministry of Justice was to prepare legislative projects in the justice sector. The individual Reich ministers managed their own area of ​​responsibility within the policy competence of the Reich Chancellor ( departmental principle ) and were able to submit their bills via the Reich government to the Reichstag for resolution (Articles 56, 57 and 68 WRV).

In the Reichstag, the NSDAP had been the strongest parliamentary group since the Reichstag election of July 31, 1932, and Hermann Göring had been President of the Reichstag since then.

After Adolf Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933 and, after the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, also Reich President, he not only determined the guidelines of politics, but also had the sole right to appoint and appoint the Reich Ministers to dismiss (Art. 53 and 56 WRV) as well as the supreme command over the entire armed forces of the Reich (Art. 47 WRV).

Minister of Justice

Otto Georg Thierack Franz Schlegelberger Franz Gürtner Franz Gürtner Curt Joël Johann Viktor Bredt Theodor von Guérard Erich Koch-Weser Oskar Hergt Johannes Bell Wilhelm Marx Josef Frenken Erich Emminger Gustav Radbruch Rudolf Heinze Gustav Radbruch Eugen Schiffer Rudolf Heinze Andreas Blunck Eugen Schiffer Otto Landsberg
February 13, 1919 to June 20, 1919 Otto Landsberg SPD
October 3, 1919 to March 26, 1920 Eugene Schiffer DDP
March 27, 1920 to June 8, 1920 Andreas Blunck DDP
June 25, 1920 to May 4, 1921 Rudolf Heinze DVP
May 10, 1921 to October 22, 1921 Eugene Schiffer DDP
October 26, 1921 to November 14, 1922 Gustav Radbruch SPD
November 22, 1922 to August 12, 1923 Rudolf Heinze DVP
August 13, 1923 to November 3, 1923 Gustav Radbruch SPD
November 30, 1923 to April 15, 1924 Dr. Erich Emminger BVP
April 15, 1924 to December 15, 1924 Curt Joël independent
January 15, 1925 to November 21, 1925 Josef Frenken center
November 21, 1925 to December 5, 1925 Hans Luther provisionally independent
January 20, 1926 to May 12, 1926 Wilhelm Marx center
May 16, 1926 to December 17, 1926 Johannes Bell center
January 29, 1927 to June 12, 1928 Oskar Hergt DNVP
June 28, 1928 to April 13, 1929 Erich Koch-Weser DDP
April 13, 1929 to March 27, 1930 Theodor von Guérard center
March 30, 1930 to December 5, 1930 Johann Viktor Bredt Economic party
December 5, 1930 to October 9, 1931 Curt Joël provisionally independent
October 10, 1931 to May 30, 1932 Curt Joël independent
June 1, 1932 to January 29, 1941 Franz Gürtner DNVP /
from 1937
NSDAP
January 30, 1941 to August 19, 1942 Franz Schlegelberger provisionally NSDAP
August 20, 1942 to May 23, 1945 Otto Georg Thierack NSDAP

State Secretaries

1920 to 1931 Curt Joël 1930/31 at the same time Reich Minister of Justice (provisional),
from October 10, 1931 Reich Minister of Justice
1931 to 1942 Franz Schlegelberger 1941/42 at the same time Reich Minister of Justice (provisional),
retired on August 20, 1942, the
post of 2nd State Secretary ceased
1934 to 1942 Roland Freisler from 1942 President of the People's Court as successor to Otto Georg Thierack
1942 to 1943 Curt Rothenberger Impeachment on December 21, 1943
1944 to 1945 Herbert Klemm previously personal advisor to Reich Justice Minister Otto Georg Thierack

Organization and function in National Socialism

Organization chart:

In accordance with the fascist leader principle , the Reich Ministry of Justice was also subject to Adolf Hitler's sole claim to leadership .

The Reich Chancellery , based in Berlin, had been directly subordinate to the German Reich Chancellors since 1871 . Since January 1933, its director Hans Heinrich Lammers organized and coordinated the Nazi government there.

After the seizure of power , the staff of the deputy leader was established in Munich, which was headed by Rudolf Hess until 1941 and, after his flight to Great Britain, was continued by Martin Bormann under the name of the Party Chancellery . The party chancellery was the highest governing body of the NSDAP and in this capacity was primarily responsible for party affairs, such as the filling of party offices, detailed internal reporting or ideological training and public propaganda. In the Fuehrer's decree on the position of head of the party chancellery , however, “cooperation with the supreme Reich authorities” was also provided for. As a so-called party ministry , it was supposed to protect the interests of the NSDAP in the conduct of state affairs through the individual ministries. After all, the Führer party was “the bearer of the German state idea and inextricably linked with the state”.

The party chancellery competed with the Reich Chancellery for influence on legislation.

The ordinance on the implementation of the Fiihrer's decree on the position of the head of the party chancellery of January 16, 1942, through the head of the party chancellery, gave the NSDAP extensive rights to have a say in the run-up to any kind of legislation (laws, decrees and ordinances including implementation and implementation provisions) in all departments. The Reich Chancellery, in particular its head Lammers, on the other hand, passed Adolf Hitler's political will, which was often only expressed orally and without regular cabinet meetings, in an implementable form (orders, orders, decrees) to the subordinate ministries and other state organs for execution.

The focus of Nazi legal policy was criminal law and questions of the execution of sentences.

The Reich Ministry of Justice continued to function as the “Ministry of Legislation”. For example, the then Justice Minister Franz Gürtner , his later successor Otto Georg Thierack and the then State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Justice, Roland Freisler, took part in the commission for the reform of criminal procedure law in 1938. Franz Gürtner then published a memorandum on the outcome of the consultation entitled The Coming German Criminal Proceedings. Report of the Official Criminal Procedure Commission.

In the Reich Ministry of Justice there were 3 departments alone, which dealt with "criminal law (legislation)", "criminal justice and the execution of sentences" and the "execution of sentences". Added to this was the Secret Special Department XV, which was responsible for implementing the measures agreed on September 18, 1942 between the then Reich Justice Minister Otto Thierack and Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler for "special police treatment in the event of insufficient judicial judgments" and the "extradition of anti-social elements from the penal system the Reichsführer SS for extermination through work ”was responsible.

In the long term, both the administration of justice and the organization of the courts in general, as well as the relationship between the judiciary and the executive (police and public prosecutor's offices) should be reformed in the National Socialist sense. This reorganization would have resulted in a weakening of the judiciary in criminal prosecution and enforcement in favor of a dominant police apparatus, but was not implemented as planned due to the war.

Activity since 1933

Realization of justice

The federal state and administrative structure was systematically dismantled in the first years of Nazi rule and replaced by a centralized order. The state parliaments were dissolved, the state governments disempowered and replaced by the so-called Reichsstatthalter . The countries no longer had their own sovereign rights and lost the right to legislate. After the dissolution of the Reichsrat , the states could no longer participate in the Reich legislation. The state authorities only had the function of enforcing imperial laws.

As of April 1, 1935, the entire administration of justice was in the hands of the Reich Minister of Justice. As the bearer of judicial sovereignty, the Reich took over the entire judiciary with all competences, rights and duties as well as all judicial authorities and judicial employees. The Reich Ministry of Justice gained control not only over the Reich Court , but all 2500 German local, regional and higher regional courts with their approx. 14,000 judges, including legal training.

The steps in detail:

March 31, 1933: "Gleichschaltung" of the federal states (according to the then Reich Justice Minister Franz Gürtner ), d. H. Dissolution of the state parliaments and formation of new ones according to the number of votes that were allotted to the nominations in the Reichstag election on March 5, 1933 within each state. The seats allocated to the election proposals of the Communist Party were not allocated.

April 7, 1933: So-called Reichsstatthalter are superordinated to each state government as permanent representatives of the Reich government, who are responsible for the "observation of the policy guidelines established by the Reich Chancellor" by the state governments. The Reichsstatthalter, for example, appoint the state officials and judges in the states in place of the state authorities responsible until then and can assume the chairmanship of the state government. Resolutions of no confidence of the state parliaments against a Reich governor are not permitted.

January 30, 1934: The state parliaments are abolished, the sovereign rights of the states are transferred to the Reich, the state governments are subordinate to the Reich government.

February 2, 1934: Supplementary ordinance, according to which the state authorities exercise sovereign rights that have been transferred to the Reich on behalf of and in the name of the Reich.

February 14, 1934: Reichsrat repealed; no further participation of the states in the Reich legislation

February 16, 1934: Judicial sovereignty passed to the Reich

January 24, 1935: On April 1, 1935, the judicial authorities of the federal states become Reich authorities, the judicial officers of the federal states become immediate Reich officials, and the workers and employees of the state judicial authorities enter the service of the Reich. In addition, the Reich Justice Examination Office took over the entire legal examination system, i.e. In other words, a nationwide uniform professional entrance examination for lawyers took place.

Legal policy in the party program of the NSDAP

There was no detailed party program either before or after the seizure of power . The NSDAP decreed from its inception in 1920, only about a 25-point program , which declared the party constitution in 1926 "unalterable" for. Corrections were not considered necessary because “we refuse, as other parties do, to adapt our program to the so-called conditions for reasons of expediency. We will adjust the conditions to our program by mastering the conditions. "

Under point 19 of the 25-point program on "German law" it says: "We are calling for the replacement of Roman law, which serves the materialistic world order, with a German common law."

The party ideologist Alfred Rosenberg published a work in 1939 under the title The Party Program: Nature, Principles and Aims of the NSDAP , which, along with the work of Gottfried Feder, are still regarded today in German neo-Nazism as "official comments" on the National Socialist movement.

According to this, German law has to realize the freedom of national justice according to the National Socialist slogan "Right is what is good for the German people, wrong is what harms them." German law does not draw from precisely formulated legal facts, but from case to case the sense of justice of the German people. It serves to preserve and develop its species. Anything that damages the national community as a whole or another national comrade is punishable.

Participation in Nazi crimes

Shortly after the seizure of power , on February 28, 1933, with the participation of then Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner, the Reich President's ordinance on the protection of people and state (so-called Reichstag Fire Ordinance ) was issued. In order to “defend against communist acts of violence that endanger the state”, all essential civil rights of the Weimar Constitution were “suspended for the time being”. This made possible, among other things, state terrorist measures such as the imposition of protective custody , which claimed at least 500,000 lives by 1945.

On January 1, 1934, the law for the prevention of genetically ill offspring came into force, which was also passed with the assistance of the then Minister of Justice, Franz Gürtner , and after which an estimated 400,000 people were rendered sterile by order of the hereditary health courts affiliated to the local courts . It culminated in the systematic murder of mentally and physically handicapped people as well as of patients in psychiatric “sanatoriums and nursing homes” (so-called Action T4 ) with around 75,000 deaths.

Justice Minister Franz Gürtner also signed the law for the protection of German blood and German honor as part of the so-called Nuremberg Race Laws of September 15, 1935 . In agreement with the Reich Ministry of the Interior , the Ministry of Justice subsequently issued the implementing provisions necessary for the implementation of this law, such as the First Ordinance for the Implementation of the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor of November 14, 1935, which regulates the legally determined marriage and Concretized employment bans for Jews. On January 5, 1938, the law on the change of surnames and first names followed , supplemented on August 17, 1938 by the second ordinance implementing the law on the change of surnames and first names , with which Jews were forced to give the additional under threat of prison to use the male first name "Israel" or the additional female first name "Sara".

The subject of the Nuremberg legal process before the American military tribunal in 1947, however, was only those Nazi laws and criminal judgments that were related to the Second World War as a criminal war of aggression. The "draconian, corrupt and depraved National Socialist legal system" from 1939, including administration and jurisdiction, was indicted as war crimes and crimes against humanity . This included the following facts in particular.

Judicial control

In accordance with the totalitarian character of National Socialism, “the party and its ideas should also guide the state in the field of law, because even in law, the state is only the means of the Führer to implement National Socialism”. From 1933 onwards, the judiciary was also systematically appropriated by the National Socialist ideology and instrumentalized for its purposes. The Reich Ministry of Justice created the desired pressure to adapt through targeted influence on the appointment of judges, circular orders to standardize case law and instructions to the public prosecutor's offices and judges subordinate to the ministry. The judges 'letters published by Otto Georg Thierack since he took office in 1942 mark the climax of ministerial influence and the end of the judges' personal and material independence .

Special dishes

The special courts created temporarily in the Weimar Republic to combat political riots became an integral part of the Nazi criminal justice system from 1933 onwards.

The special courts were initially still courts of the federal states. After the judiciary was “made available”, the Reich Ministry of Justice then issued uniform regulations on December 17, 1935 for all special courts in the German Reich.

After the fire in the Reichstag in February 1933, the task of the special courts was to “restore public security and order” and to defend against “insidious attacks by subversive elements on the state and party”. They initially served - similar to protective custody - to eliminate the political opposition that could - actually or supposedly - have endangered the establishment of the Nazi regime.

The jurisdiction of the special courts was gradually expanded. They were no longer responsible only in the cases specified by law, but also when the public prosecutor's office was of the opinion "that the immediate judgment by the special court with regard to the gravity or the reprehensibility of the act, because of the public excitement or because of serious endangerment of public order or security ”( Section 14 of the Ordinance on the Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts, Special Courts and Other Criminal Procedure Regulations of February 21, 1940). These included, for example, violations of the so-called Blood Protection Act of September 15, 1935, such as the well-known case of the Jewish businessman Leo Katzenberger , who was sentenced to death by the Nuremberg Special Court for racial shame in March 1942 after an alleged affair with a non-Jewish woman . In addition, fast-track proceedings were held before the special courts for criminal offenses which, after the outcome of the main hearing, would have belonged to the jurisdiction of the ordinary local or regional courts.

The special courts spread noticeably. Initially, they only existed in each OLG district, but from March 1940 they were formed in each LG district. The Reich Minister of Justice determined the respective seat and district ( Section 10 of the Ordinance on the Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts, Special Courts and Other Criminal Procedure Regulations of February 21, 1940).

With the beginning of the war in 1939, legislation and jurisdiction began to be radicalized . Propaganda gave the special courts martial surnames: They were called “Courts of War of the Inner Front” or “Armored Troop of Justice”; the public prosecutor's office was the “cavalry of the administration of justice” in this weapon-clinking metaphor. How the armored troops and Zieten drove out of the bush among the enemies inside the Reich: That was the task of the special courts and the departments of the public prosecutor's office assigned to them.

From 1939 onwards, the special courts served in particular to maintain the “home front”, which - as after the stab in the back legend in World War I - was not to fall in the back of the army “undefeated in the field”. A special war criminal law was created for this, in particular the ordinance against public pests of September 5, 1939. This also applied in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia as well as for persons who were not German nationals. Anyone who, in the opinion of the judges over the punished Popular sentiment the perpetrator type of people pest corresponded.

Also proceedings according to the so-called Polish Criminal Law Ordinance of December 4, 1941 were usually held by the special courts, for example against the 17-year-old Walerjan Wrobel , who was defeated by the Bremen Special Court on July 8, 1942 for (attempted) arson in a barn without any notable Damage was sentenced to death. The Reich Ministry of Justice rejected his appeal on August 15, 1942.

By circular order, the Reich Ministry of Justice instructed the special courts to regularly adopt the "exploitation of the state of war" as an aggravating reason when reaching a verdict and thus to impose not imprisonment, but the death penalty, even for minor offenses, exceeding the regular range of punishments.

The Reich Ministry of Justice influenced the activities of the special courts not only by drafting many of the laws applied there or by issuing implementing provisions, but also by appointing and promoting the judges and public prosecutors appointed to the special courts who were particularly loyal to the line, as well as steering the application of the law in individual cases by means of circulars and instructions.

In the Nuremberg legal process in 1947, the two presidents of the Nuremberg Special Court, Oswald Rothaug , who had convicted Leo Katzenberger , among others , and Rudolf Oeschey because of their death sentences and the rejection of appeals for pardon after confessions forced under torture for the "abandonment of the legal system to achieve criminal goals", were given lifelong lives Sentenced to prison. The chairman of the Stuttgart special court, Hermann Cuhorst , was acquitted for lack of evidence. The files on the acts he was accused of had been burned in the war.

Night and Fog Decree

After the start of the Russian campaign in the summer of 1941, Operation Barbarossa , civil resistance against the occupying power increased in the Western European countries already occupied by the German Wehrmacht. The so-called Night and Fog Decree of December 7, 1941 wanted to counter this with “guidelines for the prosecution of crimes against the Reich or the occupying power in the occupied territories”. The "guidelines", drawn up in the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW) under the leadership of Wilhelm Keitel , came into force on December 29, 1941 and were valid "until further notice" in Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and occupied France.

In the case of crimes committed by non-German civilians against the German occupying power, “the death penalty was generally appropriate”. The crimes to which these “guidelines” should apply were outlined in more detail (e.g. sabotage , espionage or favoring the enemy). The prisoners were deported to the German Reich for trial , where the trial had to be carried out “under strict exclusion of the public”. Foreign witnesses were only allowed to be heard with the OKW's approval. In order to keep the fate of the prisoners secret, questions from foreign and German authorities only had to explain that “they had been arrested, the state of the proceedings did not allow any further information”.

The OKW and the Reich Ministry of Justice, namely State Secretary Roland Freisler, cooperated in the implementation of the Night and Fog Decree. Freisler worked towards the fact that the civil special courts had at least subsidiary jurisdiction over the military courts for the relevant proceedings. The Reich Minister of Justice then issued the implementing provisions necessary for his area of ​​responsibility. Responsible advisor in the Reich Ministry of Justice for the so-called "NN" proceedings there was Wilhelm von Ammon .

The Ministry of Justice also directed these proceedings, in particular the imposition of the death penalty, through corresponding instructions to the public prosecutors and judges.

The Ministry of Justice's right of grace was practically suspended in view of the purpose of the NN proceedings, and requests for grace were rejected more quickly.

A total of around 7,000 people were transferred to the special courts. About 340 death sentences were passed. In addition, there were numerous other victims in concentration camp detention before a trial or after a prison sentence.

As a violation of international humanitarian law , particularly insofar as it protects the civilian population in the event of war, the NN proceedings were later the subject of the Nuremberg legal process and led to von Ammon being sentenced to prison . Wilhelm Keitel had already been sentenced to death and executed for war crimes and crimes against humanity as early as 1946 in the Nuremberg trial of the main war criminals, also in connection with the Night and Fog Decree .

Secret agreements with Gestapo, SS and police

Reich Minister of Justice Otto Georg Thierack actively conspired with Reichsführer SS and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler in handing over the prosecution of certain groups of people from the judiciary to the police. The aim was to arrest and murder these particular groups of people without further ado.

When the Führer issued special powers of attorney for the Reich Minister of Justice on August 20, 1942, Thierack was empowered to set up “a National Socialist administration of justice” and - in deviation from existing law - to take “all necessary measures”.

On September 18, 1942, Thierack and Himmler then discussed the following distribution of competencies:

According to the decision of the Minister of Justice and “without weighing down the Fiihrer's time with these things at all”, “insufficient judicial judgments” should be “corrected” by “special police treatment”. For this purpose, the judiciary wanted to hand over "anti-social elements" from the penal system to the Reichsführer SS for destruction through labor . This agreement affected all persons in preventive detention, Jews, Gypsies, Russians and Ukrainians, as well as Poles with a penalty of more than 3 years and Czechs and Germans with a penalty of more than 8 years. They wanted to start with the “worst anti-social elements”.

Thierack also seemed “the circumstances of the offense that served to label a person as antisocial, not set out clearly enough in the law.” In this respect, he reported “claims to the judiciary”, i. In other words, the Reich Ministry of Justice wanted to gain more influence in particular on the Community Aliens Act planned by the Reich Ministry of the Interior at the time .

Finally, between Thierack and Himmler there was "agreement that in consideration of the goals intended by the state leadership for the settlement of Eastern issues in the future Jews, Poles, Gypsies, Russians and Ukrainians will no longer be tried by the ordinary criminal courts, but by the Reichsführer SS" So these persons should not be allowed any judicial procedure at all if they have committed offenses, but should be deported and murdered immediately.

The specially created Secret Department XV in the Reich Ministry of Justice was responsible for the implementation of this agreement, which had already cooperated with the police in imposing protective custody against "anti-social elements".

The extermination through labor have fallen during the Nazi rule, a total of about 14 million people mainly European Jews and Soviet prisoners of war and forced laborers victim, although not based solely on the issue here agreement.

After the end of the war, both Heinrich Himmler (1945) and Otto Georg Thierack (1946) evaded their responsibility by suicide .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. On the history of property and buildings, also below, see Laurenz Demps: Berlin-Wilhelmstrasse. A topography of Prussian-German power . Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-86153-080-5 , pp. 155, 301f.
  2. See Götz Eckardt (Hrsg.): Fates of German Architectural Monuments in the Second World War. A documentation of the damage and total losses in the area of ​​the German Democratic Republic. Volume 1, Henschelverlag Art and Society, Berlin 1980, p. 34.
  3. History of the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . BMJV. Retrieved September 24, 20124. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmjv.de
  4. ^ Constitution for the German Empire of August 11, 1919
  5. ^ Reichstag Handbook IX. 1933 parliamentary term
  6. Law on the Head of State of the German Reich of August 1, 1934 , subsequently legitimized by a referendum on August 19, 1934 in accordance with the resolution of the Reich government to bring about a referendum of August 2, 1934 . Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  7. cf. on the circumstances: Susanne Schott: Curt Rothenberger - a political biography , Univ.-Diss. Halle (Saale) 2001, p. 148 ff. (Fully online)
  8. ^ Susanne Schott: Curt Rothenberger - a political biography . Univ.-Diss. Halle (Saale) 2001, Annexes 17 and 18. Accessed October 1, 2014.
  9. planned by Curt Rothenberger on January 1, 1943 , but no longer built
  10. planned by Curt Rothenberger on January 1, 1943 , but no longer built
  11. planned by Curt Rothenberger on January 1, 1943 , but no longer built
  12. ^ Decree of the Führer on the position of the head of the party chancellery. May 29, 1941 (RGBl. I, p. 295)
  13. ^ Law of the Reich Government on Securing the Unity of Party and State of December 1, 1933. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  14. Ordinance on the implementation of the Fuehrer's decree on the position of the head of the party chancellery of January 16, 1942 (RGBl. IS 35)
  15. ^ Susanne Schott: Curt Rothenberger - a political biography , Univ.-Diss. Halle (Saale) 2001, Annex 19, p. 215
  16. ^ Sarah Schädler: 'Judicial Crisis' and 'Judicial Reform' in National Socialism. The Reich Ministry of Justice under Reich Minister of Justice Thierack (1942–1945). Reviewed for H-Soz-u-Kult by Maximilian Becker . Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  17. ^ Sarah Schädler: 'Judicial Crisis' and 'Judicial Reform' in National Socialism. The Reich Ministry of Justice under Reich Minister of Justice Thierack (1942–1945). Tübingen 2009. ISBN 978-3-16-149675-2
  18. ^ Sarah Schädler: 'Judicial Crisis' and 'Judicial Reform' in National Socialism. The Reich Ministry of Justice under Reich Minister of Justice Thierack (1942–1945). Reviewed for H-Soz-u-Kult by Maximilian Becker . Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  19. Provisional law of the Reich government for the alignment of the states with the Reich . Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  20. Second law of the Reich government to bring the states into line with the Reich - “Reichsstatthaltergesetz” . Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  21. Law of the Reichstag on the rebuilding of the Reich of January 30, 1934 , passed unanimously in the Reichstag and Reichsrat. Accessed October 6, 2014.
  22. ^ First ordinance on the rebuilding of the Reich of February 2, 1934 . Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  23. Law of the Reich Government on the repeal of the Reichsrat of February 14, 1934. Accessed October 6, 2014.
  24. First law of the Reich government on the transfer of the administration of justice to the Reich of February 16, 1934 . Accessed October 6, 2014.
  25. ^ Third law on the transfer of the administration of justice to the Reich of January 24, 1935 . Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  26. ^ Ordinance of the Reich Minister of Justice on the expansion of the Reich Judicial Examination Office of February 27, 1935
  27. Gottfried Feder: The program of the NSDAP and its ideological basic ideas . (PDF) In: National Socialist Library , Issue 1, 166. – 169. Edition. Munich 1935, p. 7; Retrieved October 7, 12014.
  28. The 25-point program of the National Socialist German Workers' Party of February 24, 1920. accessed on October 7, 2014.
  29. Hans Frank at the German Juristentag 1933, quoted from Lutz Mager: Das Recht im Nationalozialismus . (PDF) accessed on October 8, 2014.
  30. Margret Hamm forced sterilization memorial-t4-eu. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  31. Ingo Loose: Campaign T4 . memorial-t4-eu. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  32. Rudolf Wassermann: The Nuremberg Jurists Trial , in: Gerd R. Ueberschär National Socialism in Front of a Court , Frankfurt / M. 2nd edition 2000, p. 99 ff.
  33. ^ Hans Frank 1934, quoted from Lutz Mager: Das Recht im Nationalozialismus . (PDF) accessed on October 8, 2014.
  34. ^ Ordinance of the Reich government on the formation of special courts of March 21, 1933
  35. ^ Ordinance of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State of February 28, 1933 - Reichstag Fire Ordinance
  36. ^ Ordinance of the Reich President on the defense against insidious attacks against the government of the national insurrection of March 21, 1933
  37. Manfred Zeidler: The Freiberg Special Court. On justice and repression in Saxony 1933–1940. Reports and Studies No. 16. Published by the Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarism Research e. V. at the Technical University of Dresden 1998 (PDF) Retrieved on October 9, 2014.
  38. Martin Broszat : On the perversion of criminal justice in the Third Reich, quarterly books for contemporary history 1958, pp. 390–443
  39. Hans Wrobel: On the theory and practice of the special courts - using the example of the Bremen special court (1940–1945). Lecture on the occasion of the traveling exhibition "Justice under National Socialism - About Crimes in the Name of the German People" in the Oldenburg Regional Court on June 28, 2001.
  40. Hans Wrobel: On the theory and practice of the special courts - using the example of the Bremen special court (1940–1945). Lecture on the occasion of the traveling exhibition "Justice under National Socialism - About Crimes in the Name of the German People" in the Oldenburg Regional Court on June 28, 2001.
  41. For examples see under special court # individual cases
  42. Rudolf Wassermann: The Nuremberg Jurists Trial , in: Gerd R. Ueberschär National Socialism in Front of a Court , Frankfurt / M. 2nd edition 2000, p. 99 ff .:
  43. Lothar Gruchmann: "Night and Fog" Justice. The participation of German criminal courts in the fight against resistance in the occupied Western European countries 1942–1944 , in: Karl Dietrich Bracher, Hans-Peter Schwarz (Ed.): Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 1981, p. 342 ff. (PDF)
  44. Lothar Gruchmann: "Night and Fog" Justice. The participation of German criminal courts in the fight against resistance in the occupied Western European countries 1942–1944 , in: Karl Dietrich Bracher, Hans-Peter Schwarz (Ed.): Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 1981, p. 342 ff. (PDF)
  45. Lothar Gruchmann: "Night and Fog" Justice. The participation of German criminal courts in the fight against resistance in the occupied Western European countries 1942–1944 , in: Karl Dietrich Bracher, Hans-Peter Schwarz (Ed.): Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 1981, p. 342 ff. (PDF)
  46. ^ Reichsgesetzbl. 1942 I, p. 535
  47. ^ Susanne Schott: Curt Rothenberger - a political biography , Univ.-Diss. Halle (Saale) 2001, Annex 19, p. 215
  48. On the drafts for a community alien law cf. Wolfgang Ayaß (arr.), "Community strangers". Sources on the persecution of "anti-social" 1933-1945 (PDF) Koblenz 1998.