Robert von Mohl

Robert von Mohl (steel engraving by Christoph Friedrich Dörr , 1830s)

Robert Mohl , von Mohl since 1837 , (born August 17, 1799 in Stuttgart , † November 5, 1875 in Berlin ) was a German political scientist . He was also a member of several parliaments, for example the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848 and the Reichstag . In 1848/1849 he was Reich Minister of Justice in the German central government .

From 1827 to 1846 he was professor of political science in Tübingen . Mohl is considered to be the one who triggered the widespread use of the term “ constitutional state ”, which he did not oppose to the “ aristocratic ” police state. He was an opponent of universal male suffrage and the republic as a form of government.

Life

family

Robert von Mohl (1799–1875), 1846, artist: Georg Peter Groß

Mohl came from a family of civil servants who had lived in Württemberg since the 16th century and was the son of the senior consistorial president and state councilor Benjamin Ferdinand von Mohl (1766–1845), who was raised to the Württemberg personal nobility in 1811 with the award of the Württemberg civil merit order. He was a descendant of the constitutional law teacher Johann Jacob Moser .

Robert Mohl was 1,837 as before his father with the award of the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown first in the Württemberg personal nobility, but then on 10 August 1871 as Baden Privy Councilor and President of the Audit Office in Baden charged hereditary nobility.

His brothers were Julius , Moritz and Hugo Mohl . His children included the Salonnière Anna von Mohl (1834–1899), married to the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz , the Prussian Major General Erwin von Mohl (1839–1895) and the diplomat Ottmar von Mohl (1846–1922).

Career

Mohl studied law and politics at the universities in Heidelberg , Göttingen and Tübingen . In Tübingen he joined the Old Tübingen Burschenschaft (later Germania Tübingen ) in 1817 and the Old Heidelberg Burschenschaft in Heidelberg in 1818 . After completing his studies and completing his doctorate and habilitation , he was appointed associate professor in Tübingen in 1824 and full professor in 1827. Nine years later, Mohl became senior librarian there. In 1833, in a process that was noticed throughout Germany, von Mohl submitted a defense for the Hessian Minister Ludwig Hassenpflug in his ministerial indictment before the Kassel Higher Appeal Court.

As a member of the city of Balingen , Mohl published his political views on the occasion of the election campaign in 1845 and relentlessly criticized the government's behavior. As a result, Mohl's license to teach was revoked and he was removed from his university offices. He was to be transferred to Ulm as a councilor, but preferred to retire from civil service and was elected to the Württemberg Chamber shortly afterwards. In 1847 he followed a call to Heidelberg as Professor of Law. In the same year he became a member of the state parliament for Tuttlingen .

Robert von Mohl, 1871

As a member of the preliminary parliament , Mohl was elected to the National Assembly in 1848 by the upper offices of Mergentheim and Gerabronn . Mohl, who belonged to the left center there, became a member of the constitutional committee . On September 25, 1848 he became Minister of Justice of the Provisional Central Authority , but resigned May 17, 1849 and devoted himself again to his teaching post in Heidelberg. Since 1857 representative of the university in the Baden First Chamber , since 1863 its member by the utmost confidence and from 1867 to 1872 its president, from 1861 to 1866 Minister of the Bundestag of the Grand Duchy of Baden at the Federal Assembly in Frankfurt, 1867 to 1871 Baden envoy in Munich (during this period if he was a member of the Munich casual society ), he was the most appointed representative of the national reform policy of the grand ducal government.

During these years he acted with colleagues as the editor of the journal for the entire political science . In 1871 he received the office of President of the Chamber of Accounts in Karlsruhe. He took part in the negotiations of the German Reichstag for the second constituency of Baden in a friendly way. Von Mohl died in Berlin on the night of November 4th to 5th, 1875.

Part of the estate is in the Tübingen University Library .

Works

The federal law of the United States of North America. Stuttgart and Tübingen 1824.
German police science according to the principles of the rule of law. Tübingen 1833.
System of preventive justice or right-wing police. Tübingen 1834 ( digitized version ).
Concerning the disadvantages which the factory-like operation of industry incurs both to the workers themselves, and to the prosperity and security of the whole of bourgeois society, and the necessity of thorough preventive measures. Tübingen 1835.
The responsibility of the ministers in single rule with popular representation, legally, politically and historically developed. Tuebingen 1837.
Constitutional law of the Kingdom of Württemberg. Tübingen 1840.
History and literature of political science. Erlangen 1855–1858 (3 volumes).
Encyclopedia of Political Science Tübingen 1859 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive ).
Constitutional law, international law and politics. Tübingen 1860–1869 (3 volumes).
The German Reichsstaatsrecht. Tubingen 1873.
Life memories. Stuttgart 1902.
Social and Political Sciences. (Reprint), Schutterwald / Baden 1992.

literature

Documents concerning the resignation of Professor R. von Mohl in Tübingen. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1846 ( digitized in the Google book search).
Isidor Kastan : Mr. Robert von Mohl and the emancipation of the Jews. A reply. JM Späth, Berlin 1869 ( digitized in the Google book search).
Article Robert v. Mohl. In: Illustrirte Zeitung . Vol. 57 (1871), p. 153 f.
Mr. Mohl . In: Almanach of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences for the year 1871 , publishing house of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 1871, p. 75 (list of honors and awards).
Heinrich Marquardsen : Mohl, Robert von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, pp. 745-758.
Hermann Schulze: Robert von Mohl. In: Baden biographies . Third Part, 1881, pp. 85-109 ( digitized version ).
Karl Geiger: Robert von Mohl as director of the Tübingen University Library . In: Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen, Vol. 17, 1900, Issue 4, pp. 161–191 ( digitized version ).
Erich Angermann : Robert von Mohl, 1799–1875. Life and work of an old liberal state scholar. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1962.
Peter Michael Ehrle: Robert von Mohl as head of the Tübingen University Library 1836–1844, Mohr, Tübingen 1975 (Contubernium, Volume 10), ISBN 3-16-937881-3 .
Birgit Stöcker: Robert von Mohl's common good theory as an early approach to the social rule of law. Tuduv, Munich 1992.
Erich Angermann: Mohl, Robert von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , pp. 692-694 ( digitized version ).
Nobility Lexicon. Volume IX (= Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility . Volume 116). CA Starke, Limburg (Lahn) 1998, ISSN 0435-2408 .
Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 4: M-Q. Winter, Heidelberg 2000, ISBN 3-8253-1118-X , pp. 127-129.
Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 577 .

Web links

Commons : Robert von Mohl - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Robert von Mohl - Sources and full texts

Works by and about Robert von Mohl in the German Digital Library
Literature list in the online catalog of the Berlin State Library
Literature list for Mohl's work
Robert von Mohl in the database of members of the Reichstag
Biography of Robert von Mohl . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)
Robert von Mohl: The left wing in the Reich Ministry - anything but a democrat
Mohl, Robert von. Hessian biography. (As of May 9, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Mohl, Robert (von) in the Frankfurter Personenlexikon

Individual evidence

↑ See the section “ First stage of development rule of law vs. Police state "of the article" Rule of law concept ".

↑ Thomas Stockinger: Robert von Mohl: The left-wing interpreter in the Reich Ministry - anything but a democrat . In: Forty-eight of March 25, 2013 ( online ).

^ Peter Kaupp: Fraternity members in the Paulskirche.

^ [Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug (Hrsg.)]: Pieces of acts, the state indictments against the electoral Hessian Minister of State Hans Dan. Ludw. Friedr. Concerning Hassenpflug. A contribution to contemporary history and to modern German constitutional law. The defenses of the defendant himself and of Professor Dr. R. Mohl in Tübingen , Stuttgart / Tübingen 1836; Ewald Grothe : Constitution and Constitutional Conflict. The Electorate of Hesse in the first era Hassenpflug 1830–1837 , Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 1996 (= writings on the history of the constitution, vol. 48), ISBN 3-428-08509-4 (also: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 1994) , Pp. 258-260.

↑ For freedom and democracy. Baden parliament history 1818–1933. A chronicle of the democratic movement since 1818 with biographies, historical film and sound recordings, election results, image documents and a comprehensive bibliography. Multimedia CD-ROM published by the Karlsruhe City Archives 1997, ISBN 3-9805956-0-9 . System requirements Windows 95 or Apple Macintosh. The CD-ROM cannot be used with operating systems from the Microsoft Windows NT line!

↑ Informal Society: One Hundred and Fifty Years Informal Society Munich 1837–1987 , University Printing and Publishing House Dr. C. Wolf and Son KG, Munich 1987.

↑ Federal Archives, Central Database of Legacies . Retrieved September 11, 2019.

↑ digitized version ( memento from January 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

predecessor	Office	successor
August Marshal von Bieberstein	Baden envoy to the German Confederation 1861–1866	-
Christian Friedrich Gustav von Berckheim	Ambassador of Baden in Bavaria 1867–1871	Johann Ferdinand von und zu Bodman (from 1894)

personal data
SURNAME	Mohl, Robert von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Mohl, Robert (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German political scientist and politician (NLP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH	August 17, 1799
PLACE OF BIRTH	Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH	November 5, 1875
Place of death	Berlin

[1] See the section “ First stage of development rule of law vs. Police state "of the article" Rule of law concept ".

[2] Thomas Stockinger: Robert von Mohl: The left-wing interpreter in the Reich Ministry - anything but a democrat . In: Forty-eight of March 25, 2013 ( online ).

[3] Peter Kaupp: Fraternity members in the Paulskirche.

[4] [Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug (Hrsg.)]: Pieces of acts, the state indictments against the electoral Hessian Minister of State Hans Dan. Ludw. Friedr. Concerning Hassenpflug. A contribution to contemporary history and to modern German constitutional law. The defenses of the defendant himself and of Professor Dr. R. Mohl in Tübingen , Stuttgart / Tübingen 1836; Ewald Grothe : Constitution and Constitutional Conflict. The Electorate of Hesse in the first era Hassenpflug 1830–1837 , Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 1996 (= writings on the history of the constitution, vol. 48), ISBN 3-428-08509-4 (also: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 1994) , Pp. 258-260.

[5] For freedom and democracy. Baden parliament history 1818–1933. A chronicle of the democratic movement since 1818 with biographies, historical film and sound recordings, election results, image documents and a comprehensive bibliography. Multimedia CD-ROM published by the Karlsruhe City Archives 1997, ISBN 3-9805956-0-9 . System requirements Windows 95 or Apple Macintosh. The CD-ROM cannot be used with operating systems from the Microsoft Windows NT line!