Old Heidelberg fraternity
The origins of the fraternity movement in Heidelberg are referred to as the Old Heidelberg Burschenschaft . Its time during the first third of the 19th century was marked by great discontinuity. Regardless of this, it or its members had a great influence on German politics in this century.
history
Prehistory and foundation
In Heidelberg during the Wars of Liberation, there were Corps Guestphalia , Hannovera , Holsatia (I) , Nassovia (I) , Rhenania (II) ( Upper and Lower Rhine ), Suevia , Vandalia (I) and Curonia . As early as 1813 and 1814, a large number of races tried to break up the commentary and the structures. In 1814 a larger group of North Germans came - some of them veterans of the Wars of Liberation - and initially refrained from joining the corps because they lacked the German idea of unity there. Some of this group later joined the Corps Nassovia in order to “awaken and spread the German manner and custom, community spirit and love for the country.” Nassovia isolated herself in the senior citizens' convention , whereupon she attracted even more German-minded raptures. Some Pomeranians around Ludwig von Mühlenfels from Greifswald , Gießen Germanic peoples and others formed a growing circle around Adolf Ludwig Follen , the brother of Karl Follens , in 1814 and 1815 .
Over time, the name Teutonia established itself for this group. A reading room was set up in which Heinrich Luden and the Nibelungs were read. A society for the maintenance of German literature and history was founded and a new, complete Teutsches Kommersbuch was written. Von Mühlenfels was in close contact with Ernst Moritz Arndt . Heinrich Karl Hofmann established four points : "Germanness, defenselessness, honor and chastity" With the founding of the original fraternity in Jena, long-lasting discussions also began in Heidelberg until the summer of 1816, in what form the German concept of unity with the subdivision of the country team in the future could unite the student body in the corps. A narrow, elitist circle formed around the philosopher and natural scientist Jakob Friedrich Fries . The corps offered the Teutons to constitute themselves as a corps and thus to be accepted into the senior citizens' convention. This met with rejection, whereupon Teutonia was discredited . This caused a sensation in the student body and in addition to the 43 Teutons, there were almost 100 previously uncorporated Renoncen (mainly Saxons and Swiss). The new strength led to open disputes with the corps and many duels. Under Heinrich von Gagern the Senate was able to partially end the disrepute, the Corps Nassovia, Rhenania, Suevia and Helvetia (1) dissolved, Curonia and Guestphalia remained steadfast. The other corps started negotiations, which led to the establishment of the fraternity in February under the leadership of Friedrich Wilhelm Carové .
The Heidelberg fraternity was officially founded from the group of the dissolved Teutons on February 23, 1817, its colors were black and red with golden percussion . On January 8, 1820, it was dissolved again, and two weeks later, on January 22, it was re-established.
Split of Teutonia
In the winter semester of 1827/28 some of the members split off and founded a new Teutonia. In March 1828 it became the Corps Allemannia (first black-blue-white , later black-white-blue ).
In 1828 the fraternity was dissolved. After that, its members continued to meet as a society under the names Hödtianer , Palatinate and Fäßlianer .
Franconia
In Franconia, founded in October 1831, the Fäßlians and members of the Corps Allemannia, which was dissolved on September 2, 1831, came together. After the university management did not approve Franconia, the Alemanni resigned in November and founded a Corps Palatia ( green-white-blue ), which was dissolved again in March 1832. Some of its members then returned to Franconia.
In 1832 the fraternity colors black, red and gold were adopted.
Franconia was officially dissolved in July 1833, but remained in secret until 1834.
Known members
Many of the members of the Heidelberg Burschenschaft achieved importance in German politics and science in their later life and work. At least 23 members of the Frankfurt National Assembly were members of the Heidelberg fraternity, including its president Heinrich von Gagern .
- Gustav Asverus (1798–1843), lawyer
- Carl Theodor Barth (1805–1837), lawyer and democratic publicist
- Eduard Baumstark (1807–1889), lawyer, economist (cameralist), politician and university professor
- Charles Beck (1798–1866), German-American philologist and theologian, professor at Harvard, member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
- Alfred von Behr (1812–1862), Franconia, physician and politician
- Wilhelm Beseler (1806–1884), politician
- Ludwig von Biegeleben (1812–1872), diplomat of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and Austria
- Florens von Bockum-Dolffs (1802–1899), Prussian civil servant and liberal parliamentarian
- Eduard Böcking (1802–1870), lawyer and historian
- Johann Friedrich Böhmer (1795–1863), historian
- Pompejus Bolley (1812-1870), chemist
- Hans Karl Briegleb (1805–1879), legal scholar and member of the state parliament in Bavaria and Hanover
- Gustav Bunsen (1804–1836), surgeon, leader of the Frankfurt Wachensturm and fighter in the Texan War of Independence
- Friedrich Wilhelm Carové (1789–1852), lawyer, writer and philosopher
- Carl Philipp Cetto (1806–1890), entrepreneur and politician
- Carl Friedrich Cless (1797–1861), pastor and writer
- Johann Hermann Detmold (1807–1856), lawyer, politician in the German National Assembly, draftsman and writer
- August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff (1797–1874), Prussian diplomat and foreign minister
- Henri Druey (1799–1855), Swiss lawyer, philosopher and politician
- Karl Eigenbrodt (1826–1900), physician and politician
- Reinhard Eigenbrodt (1799–1866), lawyer and politician, Minister of the Interior in the March government of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Theodor Engelmann (1808–1889), German-American lawyer, journalist, author and newspaper publisher
- Eduard Eppelsheimer (1808–1866), member of the Bavarian state parliament, member of the Frankfurt preliminary parliament
- Joseph Anselm Feuerbach (1798–1851), classical philologist and classical archaeologist
- Karl Philipp Fohr (1795–1818), painter
- Adolf Ludwig Follen (1794–1855), liberal writer and publisher
- Karl Philipp Francke (1805–1870), member of the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein
- Ludwig Frey (1810–1871), legal scholar and publicist
- Johann Christoph Freyeisen (1803–1849), publicist, music writer and librettist
- Johann Friedrich Funck (1804–1857), publisher, writer and theologian
- Friedrich von Gagern (1794–1848), Dutch general of German origin and commander of the troops of the German Confederation against the Hecker uprising .
- Heinrich von Gagern (1799–1880), liberal politician in the age of the Vormärz and the March Revolution
- Maximilian von Gagern (1810–1889), politician at the time of the bourgeois March Revolution
- Amand Goegg (1820–1897), leading head of the Baden revolution and member of the revolutionary government
- Johann Gros (1809–1892), Hessian lawyer, landlord and politician, member of the Second Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Hermann Günther (1811–1886), teacher and headmaster
- Georg Hanssen (1809–1894), agricultural historian and economist
- Eduard Ludwig von Harnier (1800–1868), lawyer and mayor of Frankfurt am Main
- Johann Gustav Heckscher (1797–1865), lawyer and politician
- August Hergenhahn (1804–1874), Nassau liberal politician
- Karl Hoffmeister (1796–1844), philologist
- Karl Gustav Jung (1795–1864), German-Swiss physician
- Joseph Jungbluth (1807–1886), Mayor of Jülich, Member of the United State Parliament, the Pre-Parliament and the First and Second Prussian Chamber of Deputies
- Damian Junghanns (1800–1875), lawyer and revolutionary from Baden, member of the rump parliament and the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Theodor von Kobbe (1798–1845), lawyer and writer
- Gustav Körner (1809–1896), lawyer and politician in Germany and the United States
- Wilhelm Friedrich Christian Gustav Krafft (1805–1864), politician
- Friedrich Küchler (1799–1866), member of the Second Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, District Administrator of the districts of Friedberg and Giessen
- Dietrich Wilhelm Landfermann (1880–1882), school councilor in Koblenz, member of the Prussian National Assembly
- Wilhelm Leverkus (1808–1870), archivist and politician
- Johann Michael Lindenmayer (1796–1858), senior bailiff in Württemberg
- Karl Marx (1796–1877), medic
- Karl Mathy (1807–1868), liberal politician, banker and Baden Minister of State
- Julius von Niethammer (1798–1882), member of the Bavarian Imperial Council
- Johann August Messerich (1806–1876), lawyer and member of the Prussian National Assembly
- Robert von Mohl (1799–1875), political scientist and politician
- Ludwig von Mühlenfels (1793–1861), lawyer, literary historian, appellate judge and Reich commissioner
- Hermann Gerhard Müller (1803–1881), businessman, mayor and member of the Reichstag
- Hermann Joseph Müller (1803–1876), lawyer, journalist, politician and member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Hermann Müller-Strübing (1812-1893), classical philologist
- Georg Michael Nahm (1803–1834), revolutionary and participant in the Frankfurt Wachensturm
- Johann Georg Neuburg (born Simon Neuburg ; 1757–1830), doctor and scholar
- Johann Georg Neuburg (1795–1866), politician
- Wilhelm Obermüller (1809–1888), writer
- Heinrich Carl Alexander Pagenstecher (1799–1869), doctor and politician
- Adolf Maria Pinkas (1800–1865), member of the constituent Reichstag and the Bohemian Landtag, director of the German State Theater in Prague
- Daniel Friedrich Ludwig Pistor (1807–1886), lawyer and revolutionary freedom fighter
- Jacob Ludwig Theodor Reh (1801–1868), politician
- Maximilian Reinganum (1798–1878), lawyer, politician and publicist
- Prince Heinrich LXXIV. Reuss zu Köstritz , landowner and member of the Prussian mansion, 1820 spokesman for the fraternity
- Ludwig Roediger (1798–1866), philologist, speaker at the first Wartburg Festival
- Ludwig Rosenstiel (1806–1863), revolutionary
- Arnold Ruge (1802-1880), writer
- Johann Wilhelm Sauerwein (1803–1847), poet
- Georg Friedrich Schlatter (1799–1875), Protestant pastor and the senior president of the Baden Revolutionary Parliament from 1849
- Albert Schmid (1812–1891), first President of the Braunschweig Higher Regional Court
- Carl Gustav Schwetschke (1804–1881), publisher
- Alexander von Soiron (1806–1855), Baden politician and ao member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Eduard Souchay (1800–1872), Frankfurt politician, Reich Commissioner for German Central Authority
- Anton von Stabel (1806–1880), statesman and lawyer from Baden
- Georg Christian Strecker (1800–1874), politician and revolutionary
- Franz Stromeyer (1805–1848), publisher, publicist and revolutionary
- Gustav Struve (1805–1870), politician, lawyer, publicist and radical democratic revolutionary of the March Revolution of 1848/49
- Wilhelm Carl Friedrich Textor (1806–1882), Senator and President of the Legislative Body of the Free City of Frankfurt
- Jacob Venedey (1805–1871), lawyer, publicist, member of the Pre-Parliament and the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Georg Varrentrapp (1809–1886), physician
- Ferdinand Walter (1794–1879), lawyer
- Friedrich Walz (1794–1842), member of the Württemberg state parliament
- August Wentzel (1799–1860), lawyer and politician, President of the Higher Regional Court and member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Gottlieb Jonathan Winter (1810–1886), senior bailiff and member of the Baden Estates Assembly
- Anton Wilhelm von Zuccalmaglio (1803–1869), local writer, music critic and composer
- Vincent Jakob von Zuccalmaglio (called Montanus; 1806–1876), Bergisch writer and poet
literature
- Hans-Georg Balder : The German fraternities. Their representation in individual chronicles. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2005, ISBN 3-933892-97-X .
- Paul Wentzcke : History of the German fraternity. Volume 1: The early and early days up to the Karlovy Vary resolutions. Carl Winters University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1919.
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 139 ff.
- ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 140.
- ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 142