Old Heidelberg fraternity

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The origins of the fraternity movement in Heidelberg are referred to as the Old Heidelberg Burschenschaft . Its time during the first third of the 19th century was marked by great discontinuity. Regardless of this, it or its members had a great influence on German politics in this century.

history

Prehistory and foundation

In Heidelberg during the Wars of Liberation, there were Corps Guestphalia , Hannovera , Holsatia (I) , Nassovia (I) , Rhenania (II) ( Upper and Lower Rhine ), Suevia , Vandalia (I) and Curonia . As early as 1813 and 1814, a large number of races tried to break up the commentary and the structures. In 1814 a larger group of North Germans came - some of them veterans of the Wars of Liberation - and initially refrained from joining the corps because they lacked the German idea of ​​unity there. Some of this group later joined the Corps Nassovia in order to “awaken and spread the German manner and custom, community spirit and love for the country.” Nassovia isolated herself in the senior citizens' convention , whereupon she attracted even more German-minded raptures. Some Pomeranians around Ludwig von Mühlenfels from Greifswald , Gießen Germanic peoples and others formed a growing circle around Adolf Ludwig Follen , the brother of Karl Follens , in 1814 and 1815 .

Over time, the name Teutonia established itself for this group. A reading room was set up in which Heinrich Luden and the Nibelungs were read. A society for the maintenance of German literature and history was founded and a new, complete Teutsches Kommersbuch was written. Von Mühlenfels was in close contact with Ernst Moritz Arndt . Heinrich Karl Hofmann established four points : "Germanness, defenselessness, honor and chastity" With the founding of the original fraternity in Jena, long-lasting discussions also began in Heidelberg until the summer of 1816, in what form the German concept of unity with the subdivision of the country team in the future could unite the student body in the corps. A narrow, elitist circle formed around the philosopher and natural scientist Jakob Friedrich Fries . The corps offered the Teutons to constitute themselves as a corps and thus to be accepted into the senior citizens' convention. This met with rejection, whereupon Teutonia was discredited . This caused a sensation in the student body and in addition to the 43 Teutons, there were almost 100 previously uncorporated Renoncen (mainly Saxons and Swiss). The new strength led to open disputes with the corps and many duels. Under Heinrich von Gagern the Senate was able to partially end the disrepute, the Corps Nassovia, Rhenania, Suevia and Helvetia (1) dissolved, Curonia and Guestphalia remained steadfast. The other corps started negotiations, which led to the establishment of the fraternity in February under the leadership of Friedrich Wilhelm Carové .

The Heidelberg fraternity was officially founded from the group of the dissolved Teutons on February 23, 1817, its colors were black and red with golden percussion . On January 8, 1820, it was dissolved again, and two weeks later, on January 22, it was re-established.

Split of Teutonia

In the winter semester of 1827/28 some of the members split off and founded a new Teutonia. In March 1828 it became the Corps Allemannia (first black-blue-white , later black-white-blue ).

In 1828 the fraternity was dissolved. After that, its members continued to meet as a society under the names Hödtianer , Palatinate and Fäßlianer .

Franconia

In Franconia, founded in October 1831, the Fäßlians and members of the Corps Allemannia, which was dissolved on September 2, 1831, came together. After the university management did not approve Franconia, the Alemanni resigned in November and founded a Corps Palatia ( green-white-blue ), which was dissolved again in March 1832. Some of its members then returned to Franconia.

In 1832 the fraternity colors black, red and gold were adopted.

Franconia was officially dissolved in July 1833, but remained in secret until 1834.

Known members

Jacob Carl Kahl, here in the costume of the Giessen blacks , was also a fraternity member in Heidelberg

Many of the members of the Heidelberg Burschenschaft achieved importance in German politics and science in their later life and work. At least 23 members of the Frankfurt National Assembly were members of the Heidelberg fraternity, including its president Heinrich von Gagern .

literature

  • Hans-Georg Balder : The German fraternities. Their representation in individual chronicles. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2005, ISBN 3-933892-97-X .
  • Paul Wentzcke : History of the German fraternity. Volume 1: The early and early days up to the Karlovy Vary resolutions. Carl Winters University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1919.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 139 ff.
  2. ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 140.
  3. ^ Paul Wentzcke: History of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Pre and early days up to the Karlsbad resolutions (= sources and representations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement. 6). 2nd Edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1965, p. 142