Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg
The Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg was a corps founded on December 1, 1818 at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg . It was a member of the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention .
coat of arms
The corps coat of arms is quartered. It shows a circle surrounded by the heraldic motto Gloria virtutis comes at the top right . At the top left is the Westphalian horse , at the bottom right the color green-white-black and at the bottom left the federal sign , consisting of two crossed basket bats and the initial GUN of the weapon motto Gladius ultor noster surrounded by laurel .
history
The origins of Guestphalia go back to the time of the reorganization of the Heidelberg University by Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden , when, especially thanks to the appointment of Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut , who had taught Roman law in Heidelberg since 1805, an increased influx of students was sufficient Northern Germany favored the formation of country teams with northern German characteristics. Together with the senior citizens of the Rhinelander, Swabia, Helveter and Nassauer as well as the Renoncen , represented by the fraternity of Teutonia, the Westphalian senior Schütte ratified the confirmation of the SC comment of 1813 in the summer of 1816. A little later, it disappears from student life without formally dissolving.
On December 1, 1818, ten Heidelberg students donated a new Guestphalia, which negotiated with the old one about taking over voting rights in the SC. Both agreed on a merger, provided that the members of the former Guestphalia resigned immediately after the merger. The first years were marked by persecution by the authorities. The corps had to briefly disband repeatedly. In January 1820 a Westphalian was relegated, another had to sign the Consilium abeundi. Others were forced to leave the corps. Since foreign influx was not expected, the Corps suspended on May 31, 1820 and laid down the vote in the SC. Guestphalia was not reconstituted until December 15, 1821. Investigations against the Heidelberg fraternity at the beginning of 1824 also put the corps in distress, which declared their dissolution and reorganized in so-called clubs . The old SC was restored in May of that year. The conflict with the authorities finally escalated in the summer of 1828 when the Heidelberg student body moved to Frankenthal, in which the Westphalians took part.
On July 25, 1836 Guestphalia introduced the status of Renoncen as a preliminary stage to full membership for its own corps. When, as part of the revolutionary movement of 1848, calls for reform were articulated among the student body, Guestphalia advocated maintaining the primacy of the corps and expressly opposed the unification of the student body into a "general public". In the same year, along with Vandalia, she was the driving force behind the founding of the Kösener Senior Citizens' Convents Association , which also saw itself as a bulwark against overzealous reformers. With the vandal Friedrich von Klinggräff , the Westphalian Konstantin v. Sileon the founding congress in Jena. In 1892 Guestphalia was the presiding suburban corps in the KSCV.
Prussia
Due to the German Revolution of 1848/1849 , the number of students in Heidelberg temporarily fell from 1000 to around 350. At the same time, several Westphalians took part on the Prussian side in the Schleswig-Holstein War . The resulting weakening of the active portfolio forced a renewed suspension of active operations from April 23 to June 21, 1849.
Until the second half of the 19th century, the corps traditionally consisted only of the student members who formally left the university when they left the university. On the occasion of the 50th foundation festival in 1868, a finance committee consisting of 12 old men was set up to reduce the corps' debts, which formed the basis for the later old gentlemen's association. Guestphalia belonged to the corps of the German Empire that kept extremely low profile from the outside world and were considered particularly exclusive. Numerous leading representatives of the Prussian administration emerged from its ranks.
Suspension and abandonment
Guestphalia stopped active operations in the winter semester of 1934/35 due to a lack of active members. The old gentlemen's association remained and later, like the other corps in the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention, promoted the SC comradeship " Axel Schaffeld ".
In the post-war period , a table society "Vandalo-Guestphalia" was formed as a reform association, which was promoted by the old gentlemen of Guestphalia and Vandalia . From it emerged on July 25, 1950 the new Corps Vandalo-Guestphalia. Both corps were markedly “North German”. Vandalia was orientated towards Mecklenburg and Hamburg, Guestphalia towards Westphalian and Prussian.
The Heidelberg Westphalia Association V. announced on December 31, 1964 that he was leaving the Association of Old Corps Students . A separate representation on the Congress of Representatives had become obsolete because the Vandalo Guestphalia old gentlemen's association looked after the corps' political interests. The old gentlemen's association of the Vandalo Guestphalia also finally left the VAC in 1972 after the active corps had already left the Heidelberger SC and thus the KSCV due to the abandonment of the determination censorship.
External relations
Guestphalia formed the core of the green circle with the cartel corps Suevia Tübingen and Misnia (III) . Friendly relationships existed with Franconia Munich and Pomerania .
Corp house
In the 19th century, Guestphalia pubs in the "Holzerei" on Museum Square. Later the corps had its own corps house built on a ledge of the Heidelberg Schlossberg . It is in the immediate vicinity of the Vandalia house, to which it is connected by a shared garden. It was built in 1885/86 by the Heidelberg building inspector Hermann Behaghel in a mixture of neo-renaissance and neo-Gothic styles .
Well-known Westphalia
In alphabetic order
Guestphalia I (1806-1818)
- Clemens von Althaus (1791–1836), German officer in the South American Wars of Liberation, most recently as General of the Army of Peru
- Wilhelm von Blomberg (1786–1846), Prussian officer and poet lawyer
- Carl Friedrich von Both (1789–1875), director of the regional court in Rostock, vice chancellor of the University of Rostock
- Georg von dem Bussche (1791–1874), government official, district administrator in Rahden / Lübbecke
- Gottfried Duden (1785–1855), doctor, farmer and justice of the peace in the USA and writer
- August von Goethe (1789–1830), chamberlain at the Weimar court
- Ignatz von Gruben (* around 1794; † 1874), judge and parliamentarian
- Johann Gustav Heckscher (1797–1865), German lawyer and politician
- Otto Kier (1792–1863), Hardesvoigt von Gramharde, mayor and Stadtvoigt von Hadersleben, writer
- Clemens Mersmann (1788–1867), mayor of the city of Dülmen, district administrator in Ahaus and Coesfeld
- Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794–1863), German chemist and mineralogist
- Johann Ernst Nizze (1788–1872), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Julius Carl Pannier (1789–1856), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Friedrich Ludwig Tenge (1793–1865), landowner and industrialist
- Maximilian von Vrints zu Falkenstein (1802–1896), Austrian landowner and diplomat.
Guestphalia II (since 1818)
Diplomats
- Karl von Beaulieu-Marconnay (1811–1889), writer and cultural historian
- Gustav von Bohlen and Halbach (1831–1890), Minister resident of Baden
- Adolf Johann von Brüning (1866–1941), member of the supervisory board of IG Farben
- Heinrich von Kaufmann-Asser (1882–1954), ambassador
- Roland Köster (1883–1935), ambassador
- Emil Rabe von Pappenheim (1798–1849), co-founder of the Corps, Minister-Resident in Paris
- Carl von Tauffkirchen-Guttenburg (1826–1895), Bavarian envoy in St. Petersburg, to the Holy See and to the Württemberg court
- Hans Thomsen (1891–1968), ambassador
Industrial
- Hermann Röchling (1872–1955), industrialist
- Max von Vopelius (1872–1932), glass manufacturer and politician
- Richard Vopelius (1843–1911), industrialist and politician
- Leopold Wiesner (1876–1945), District Administrator in Preußisch Stargard, member of the Gutehoffnungshütte supervisory board
- Johann Wilhelm Zanders (1899–1978), paper manufacturer
Local and state officials
- Helmuth von Brüning (1870–1922), district administrator in Randow
- Walter von Brüning (1869–1947), manor owner, district administrator in Stolp, police chief of Kiel, bibliophile
- Emil von Burchard (1836–1901), State Secretary in the Reich Treasury
- Ludwig Burchardt (1853-1892), District Administrator in Schrimm
- Felix Busch (1871–1938), administrative lawyer
- Friedrich August Döring (1820–1891), authorized representative for customs duties and taxes
- Alexander von Finckh (1806–1888), District President of the Principality of Birkenfeld
- Richard von Funck (1841–1906), General of the Infantry, Inspector General of the Prussian Military Education System
- Berthold Gemehl (1832–1897), major general
- Johannes Gobbin (1833–1881), Lord Mayor of Brandenburg an der Havel and Görlitz
- Gerhard Grothusen (1843–1878), District Administrator in Zell
- Wennemar Haarmann (1914–1993), District Administrator in Stormarn
- Georg Haccius (1811–1874), President of the Hanover Monastery Chamber
- Friedrich Hentzen (1867–1923), district administrator in Lennep
- Ernst Holtz (1854–1935), District Administrator, District President, Undersecretary of State, Chief President of the Upper Audit Chamber of Potsdam and the Audit Office of the German Reich
- Carl von Hohnhorst (1809–1858), district director in Helmstedt and Braunschweig
- Otto Junghann (1873–1964), manager of the German League for the League of Nations
- Otto Kier (1829–1899), bailiff of the Hadersleben office, district administrator in Hadersleben and Norderdithmarschen
- Dietrich Klävemann (1814–1889), administrative lawyer and member of parliament in Oldenburg
- Gerlach von dem Knesebeck (1808–1859), mining captain in the Harz Mountains
- Gustav Köhler (1865–1947), district administrator in Greifenhagen
- Hermann Kühne (1819–1887), President of the OLG Celle, honorary citizen of Greifswald
- Hans Kutter (1870–1929), administrative lawyer in West Prussia
- Adolf Hilmar von Leipziger (1825–1891), Upper President in West Prussia
- Maximilian Löbbecke (1848–1930), manor owner, district administrator in Iserlohn
- Emil von Maillot de la Treille (1845–1882), district director in Altkirch
- Friedrich Wilhelm Meister (1870–1946), Chairman of the oKC 1892, State Secretary
- Kaspar von Mesmer-Saldern (1849–1883), Prussian administrative officer, district administrator in Rendsburg
- Eduard von Moeller (1814–1880), senior president in the province of Hesse-Nassau and in the realm of Alsace-Lorraine
- Hans Günther Moes (1886–1966), District Administrator in Guben, President of the German Dahlia, Fuchsia and Gladiolus Society
- Julius Mülhens (1879–1954), district administrator in the Rheingau district
- Erich Müser (1882–1944), District Administrator in Bad Kreuznach
- Ludwig Munzinger (1849–1897), district director in Weißenburg, lecturing council of the imperial governor for Alsace-Lorraine
- Karl Graf von Platen-Hallermund (1857–1922), district administrator and governor in Schleswig-Holstein
- Albert Poensgen (1881–1976), President of the Finance Court
- Konstantin von Quadt and Hüchtenbruck (1825–1881), District Administrator, Landdrost, District President, MdHdA
- Friedrich Raht (1811–1879), District Administrator in Wiesbaden
- Otto zu Rantzau (1888–1946), police chief
- Wilhelm Rautenberg (1809–1889), lawyer and notary
- Ludwig Graf zu Reventlow (1824-1893), District Administrator in Husum
- Karl Hermann Rumschöttel (1820–1885), District Administrator in St. Wendel (Renonce des Corps)
- Theodor Scharenberg (1820–1899), editor of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz collection of laws
- Karl Wilhelm Schmieding (1841–1910), Lord Mayor and Honorary Citizen of Dortmund
- Eduard Schmitz (1838–1895), administrative lawyer, district administrator in Wiedenbrück and Gladbach
- Karl Schulze-Pelkum (1860–1939), District Administrator in Hamm, MdHdA
- Kurt Detloff von Schwerin (1853–1908), District Administrator, Police President, District President
- Richard Steifensand (1853–1907), police chief in Charlottenburg
- Oskar von Seydewitz (1836–1902), manor owner, district administrator in Bitterfeld
- Walter The Losen (1880–1919), District Administrator in Eupen and Mayen
- Justus Theodor Valentiner (1869–1952), District Administrator in Schlüchtern and Burgdorf, Curator of the University of Göttingen, Ministerial Director in the Prussian Ministry of Science, Deputy Prussian Representative to the Reichsrat
- Karl Heinrich Wäntig (1843–1917), Saxon ministerial official and politician
- Ludwig Wachler (1835–1908), member of the first commission for the reform of the Criminal Procedure Code in Prussia
- Georg Heinrich Wahle (1854–1934), mining lawyer
- Ernst Wegner (1868–1926), district administrator in Kehdingen and Halberstadt
- Carl von Weiler (1879–1922), district administrator in the Eder district
- Ernst von Werthern (1841–1916), manor owner, district administrator in Lippstadt
- Erwin Wilkins (1868–1940), manor owner, district administrator in Spremberg
- Paul Winckler († 1930), manor owner, district administrator in Zeitz
- Max Wittmer (1881–1933), district administrator in the Twiste district
- Hans Wolf (1850–1940), President of the Braunschweig Higher Regional Court
- Hans Wolff († 1918), District Administrator in Sankt Goarshausen
Artists, writers and patrons
- Arthur Baessler (1857–1907), explorer, patron of the Völkerkundemuseum in Berlin
- Wilhelm Clemens (1847–1934), painter, art collector and patron
- Oskar Göschen (1824–1900), heraldist
- Wilhelm Joest (1852–1897), world traveler
- Richard von Kaufmann (1849–1908), national economist, art collector and patron
- Hermann Kestner (1810–1890), honorary citizen of the city of Hanover
- Ignaz von Olfers (1793–1871), General Director of the Royal Museums in Berlin
- Paul Pogge (1838–1884), traveler to Africa
- Gustav Gans zu Putlitz (1821–1890), landowner, writer, theater director and politician
- Erich von Rath (1881–1948), librarian, incunabula researcher
- Theodor Schuster (1808–1872), lawyer, revolutionary and doctor
- Wilhelm Uhde (art dealer) (1874–1947), author and gallery owner, is considered to be the discoverer of Henri Rousseau
- Ulrich Thieme (1865–1922), art historian
- Gisbert von Vincke (1813-1892), poet lawyer and Shakespeare researcher
- Friedrich von Weech (1837–1905), historian and archivist, director of the Baden General State Archives
Parliamentarians and ministers
- Johann Adä (1814–1899), physician, MdR
- Friedrich Ferdinand von Ammon (1794–1874), Senate President at the Cologne Court of Appeal, President of the Cologne Railway Directorate, Reich Commissioner, Member of the First Chamber of the Prussian State Parliament, Member of the Parliament
- Matthias Aulike (1807–1865), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Joseph Maria Baernreither (1845–1925), Austrian politician
- Eduard von Baudissin (1823–1883), MdR
- Nikolaus von Baudissin (1838–1917), MdHdA
- August Beckmann (1852–1914), District Administrator in Usingen, MdHdA
- Karl Emil Gustav von Below (1821–1871), manor owner, MdHdA
- Albert Berndt (1820–1879) District Court Director, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Bernhard Bessel (1814–1868), District Administrator in Wiedenbrück, member of the constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation
- Julius Hans von Bodenhausen (1840–1915), politician, MdR
- Gisbert von Bonin (1841–1913), Minister of State of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Member of the Bundestag
- Friedrich Borchard (1804–1857), attorney at law, member of the Prussian National Assembly and the Second Chamber of the Prussian State Parliament
- Georg von Borries senior (1811–1870), manor owner, government official and member of parliament, district administrator in Herford
- Ludwig von Bredow (1825–1877), MdR
- Konrad von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt (1823–1909), MdHH
- Alfred de Chapeaurouge (1907–1993), diplomat and Hamburg politician
- Richard Friedrich zu Dohna-Schlobitten , member of the Erfurt Union Parliament, MdHdA, MdHH
- August Drechsler (1821–1897), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Johann Albrecht Drost (1816–1884), judge, member of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Ulrich Dumrath (1851–1921), District Administrator in Stade, manor owner, member of the Hanover Provincial Parliament, MdHH
- Gustav Ebbinghaus (1864–1946), district administrator in the Obertaunus district and in Düsseldorf, curator of the University of Bonn, MdHH
- Friedrich Ecker (1859–1924), District Administrator in Winsen, MdHdA
- Hans von Eynern (1874–1957), district administrator in Essen, member of the Prussian state parliament
- Johann Finckh (1807–1867), President of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Hasso von Flemming (1838–1896), manor owner, hereditary marshal of Western Pomerania, MdHdA
- Wilhelm Frank von Fürstenwerth (1825–1909), senior bailiff of the Hechingen district, senior administrative judge at the Prussian higher administrative court, Member of the Parliament
- Otto Francke (1823–1886), administrative lawyer, local history researcher and Lord Mayor of Stralsund, MdHH
- Franz Ferdinand Gellern (1800–1879), lawyer, member of the Prussian National Assembly, MdHdA
- Friedrich Genzken (1817–1875), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Hugo von Graevenitz (1822–1911), Prussian manor owner, civil servant and politician
- Gerhard Groskopff (1803–1876), Senior Justice Councilor, member of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Ludwig Groß (1825–1894), doctor, MdR
- Ignatz von Gruben († 1874), Richter, MdHdA
- Alexander von Grunelius (1869–1938), district administrator in Hersfeld, member of the provincial parliament of the province of Hessen-Nassau, banker
- Wilhelm Haarmann (1845–1924), First Public Prosecutor in Dortmund, Member of the Provincial Parliament of Westphalia, MdHdA
- Johann Gustav Heckscher (1797–1865), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Friedrich Hegenscheidt (1870–1954), District Administrator in Hoyerswerda, MdR
- Emil von Heimburg (1806–1881), chief magistrate in Jever, member of the Oldenburg state parliament
- Conrad von Holstein (1825–1897), manor owner, practical farmer, director of the Wagrischen Landwirtschaftliche Verein, administrator of the Hessenstein Fideikommisgüter, deputy of the Holstein assembly of estates, member of the Provincial Parliament of Schleswig-Holstein, MdR
- Ferdinand von Hompesch-Bollheim (1824–1913), Bavarian diplomat, MdR
- Karl Keller (1798–1873), Protestant pastor, superintendent, MdHdA
- Carl Kiehn (1833–1894), manor owner, MdHdA
- Georg Kieselbach , lawyer, MdHdA
- Constantin Kindt (1822–1890), senior judge, member of the Oldenburg state parliament
- Emerich Karl Knebel (1839–1898), District Administrator in Zell and Merzig, District Director of the Saarburg District, member of the Rhenish Provincial Parliament, MdHdA
- Eduard Knoll (1817–1882), Counselor, District Administrator in the Principality of Reuss older line, member of the Greiz Landtag
- Edmund von Lattorff (1823–1900), District Administrator in Salzwedel, MdHdA
- Julius von Lautz (1903–1980), Minister of the Interior and Justice of the Saarland, President of the Saarland Parliament
- Joseph Lohmann (1799–1858), District Court Director, MdHdA
- Hans von der Malsburg (1831–1908), Vice-Marshal of the Althessian Knighthood, member of the Provincial Parliament, MdHH
- Aimé von Mesmer-Saldern (1815–1889), Schleswig-Holstein landowner, Danish court official and deputy of the Holstein assembly of estates
- Hermann von Mittnacht (1825–1909), judge and politician, first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Württemberg
- Karl von Moltke (1798–1866), Schleswig-Holstein politician
- Otto Hermann Ottens (1825–1895), farmer, independence fighter, member of the Holstein assembly of estates, MdHdA
- Rudolf Pannier (1821–1897), Member of the North German Confederation
- Lambert Pancratz (1800–1871), President of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Friedrich Pfeiffer (1815–1879), senior judge in Fulda, Bremen mayor and Senate President, member of the Hessian Estates Assembly, the Erfurt Union Parliament and the Bremen Citizenship
- Ludwig Emil Puttrich (1824–1908), labor lawyer, social democrat, member of the Second Chamber of the Saxon State Parliament
- Christian zu Rantzau (1858–1939), district administrator, general landscape director of Schleswig-Holstein, manor owner, member of the Prussian State Council, chamberlain, MdHH
- Otto zu Rantzau (1835–1910) , Chamberlain and Legation Councilor, manor owner, Member of the Bundestag
- Julius von Rother (1834–1899), manor owner, district administrator in Lüben, MdHdA
- August Rühl (1815–1850), Hessian politician, entrepreneur and member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Carl Gabriel von Scheel-Plessen (1845–1932), manor owner, chamberlain, MdHH
- Rudolph Schepler (1813–1889), lawyer, member of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation
- Ernst von Schimmelmann (1820–1885), manor owner, MdHH
- Arwed Schlabitz (1841–1905), farmer, city councilor in Görlitz, MdHdA
- Theodor Schmieding (1843–1918), District Judge, MdHdA, MdHH
- Wilhelm Schmieding (1879–1929), President Waldeck
- Wilhelm von Schöning (1824–1902), landowner, district administrator and politician
- Ludwig von Schöning-Megow (1822–1882), Rittmeister, Fideikommissowner, MdHdA
- Florens Bernhard von der Schulenburg (1826–1900), manor owner, chamberlain, MdHdA
- Günther von der Schulenburg (1819–1895), manor owner, MdHdA, MdHH
- Heinrich Schulenburg (1811–1859), Mayor of Soest, MdHdA
- Carl-Gisbert Schultze-Schlutius (1903–1969), Senator in Hamburg
- Wilhelm Selkmann (1818–1913), Oldenburg State Councilor, member of the Oldenburg State Parliament and the Erfurt Union Parliament, Plenipotentiary to the Federal Council
- Martin Söhle (1832–1904), notary, banker, member of the Hamburg citizenship
- Albert Sprengel (1811–1854), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Hermann Steche (1813–1884), Privy Higher Government Council, member of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Kurt von Tempelhoff (1863–1935), manor owner, MdHdA
- Hans von Trebra-Lindenau (1842–1914), Fideikommissherr, member of the Second Chamber of the Saxon State Parliament
- August von Trott zu Solz (1855–1938), Prussian minister of culture, chief president of Prussian provinces, co-founder of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and commander of the Order of St. John
- Johann von Stietencron (1811–1873), Princely Lippe Chamberlain, member of the Lippe Landtag and President of the Lippe Knighthood
- Ernst Wibel (1802–1863), senior court attorney, member of the Oldenburg state parliament
- Georg Wilhelm Wiesand (1835–1893), Prussian district administrator and manor owner, MdHdA
- Moritz Wiggers (1816–1894), Mecklenburg politician
- Kurt Wittmer-Eigenbrodt (1889–1975), agricultural politician, Member of the Bundestag
- Eugen Wolff-Gorki (1859–1926), district administrator in Mogilno, manor owner, member of the board of directors of the Preußenkasse, MdHdA
- Friedrich Hermann Wolfhagen (1818–1894), Danish Minister for the Duchy of Schleswig
- Lothar von Wurmb (1824–1890), MdHdA, MdHH, MdR
- Nicolaus Zumloh (1804–1873), businessman, MdHdA
See also
- Corps # Prussia
- List of corps students in the Prussian House of Representatives
- List of corps students in the Prussian mansion
- List of corps students in the Oldenburg state parliament
literature
- Richard August Keller: Contributions to the history of the first Heidelberg country teams. 1802-1806 , Diss., Heidelberg 1914.
- Guestphalia . In: The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, pp. 93-104.
- Paul Salvisberg : The Heidelberg corp houses . Academische Monatshefte 3 (1886/87), pp. 123-134.
- Christian Frhr. v. Hammerstein: Corps Vandalo-Guestphalia , in: Gerhart Berger, Detlev Aurand (eds.): … Weiland Bursch zu Heidelberg…. A commemorative publication by the Heidelberg Corporations for the 600th anniversary of Ruperto-Carola . Heidelberg 1986, pp. 233-237.
- History of the Corps Guestphalia zu Heidelberg. 1818, 1934, 2007 , published on behalf of the old gentlemen's association of the Vandalo-Guestphalia by Jean Jaques de Chapeaurouge and Detlev Werner v. Bülow. Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin 2019
Web links
- Search for Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg in the German Digital Library
- Search for Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
Individual evidence
- ↑ dt. "Honor is the companion of virtue"
- ^ Eckhard Oberdörfer: Der Heidelberger Karzer , Cologne 2005, p. 159.
- ↑ German "The sword is our avenger"
- ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : The German Corps. A historical representation with special consideration of the scaling . Berlin 1898, p. 216.
- ^ EH Eberhard: Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig, 1924/25, p. 66.
- ^ Guestphalia . In: The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, p. 93
- ^ Guestphalia , in: The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, p. 102
- ↑ Detlev Grieswelle: On the sociology of the Kösener Corps 1870-1914 , in: Christian Helfer , Mohammed Rassem (ed.): Student and University in the 19th Century. Göttingen 1975, p. 356 ff.