Conrad of Holstein

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Conrad Adolph August Graf von Holstein-Holsteinborg (born December 19, 1825 in Gut Waterneverstorf ; † September 7, 1897 there ) was a German manor owner and member of the Reichstag .

origin

He came from an old Mecklenburg noble family von Holstein , who was raised to the Danish count status in 1218 with Hinricus Holsatus and with Johan Ludvig von Holstein in 1750. The reception of the Holstein family in the Schleswig-Holstein knighthood was confirmed by the Danish king in 1733.

He was the son of the landowner Count Heinrich Christoph von Holstein (1786–1842), landlord on Waterneverstorf and Gaartz and Mathilde Susanne, née. Countess zu von Rantzau (1801–1835).

family

Holstein married on January 30, 1852 in Niendorf Caroline Freiin von Heintze-Weißenrode (* Schleswig September 4, 1832; † April 18, 1871 in Waterneverstorff), the daughter of the manor owner Ernst Freiherr von Heintze-Weißenrode (1800–1867) and Elisabeth Countess of Reventlow (1804-1893). The children come from the marriage:

  • Mathilde (1852-1939)
  • Elisabeth Anna Friderike (1854–1939) ∞ Cai von Bülow -Bothkamp (* 23 August 1851 - † 26 February 1910)
  • Fanny (1856–1919) ∞ Kuno Graf zu Rantzau-Breitenburg
  • Lucie Henriette (December 15, 1865 - May 19, 1914) ∞ Count Franz von Waldersee (March 24, 1862 - November 23, 1927),
  • Fredrik Hermann Adolf Karl (1871-1896)

Life

School and study

Holstein visited the Katharineum in Lübeck from 1842 to 1846. After high school he studied from 1846 to 1848 at the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg Law . He signed up for Jura on May 8, 1846 with "Conrad Graf von Holstein, 20 years, birthplace Neverstorff Holstein" and named Count Ernst zu Rantzau (1802–1862), bailiff in Plön (1836–1855), and as his guardians Baron Heintze. In the same year 1846 he became a member of the Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg .

In September 1847 we find Holstein as landowner Waterneverstorff among the 2,500 participants in the XI. Meeting of German farmers and foresters in Kiel, also his guardians, Count Rantzau Plön and Baron Heintze. From his father's estate he is accompanied by the tenant Mannweiler from the Stöfs farm and the farmer Schwerdtfeger from the main Waterneverstorff farm. The aim was to exchange information about the most modern technical standards in agriculture, forestry and livestock farming in northern Germany and then to present the country itself with its beauty in 16 country excursions of 50 people each, distributed among twelve four-in- handers.

Military time

When the German-minded people of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein struggled for an " up eternally ungedeelte " double duchy independent of Denmark in the course of the March unrest in 1848 , he was drawn from the university as a volunteer in the army in Holstein.

He is among the active officers, who on 24 March 1848, the Danish-Holstein's federal contingent from and to the Schleswig-Holstein army entered and that as a First Lieutenant of 2 Dragoon - Regiment in the 2nd Schleswig-Holstein Dragoon Regiment by serving from 1848 to 1851. After the unsuccessful battle for Rendsburg, the Schleswig-Holstein Army was disbanded on March 31, 1851 and the federal contingent of the Duchy of Holstein was incorporated into the Danish army .

Agriculture

Holstein left the army and in 1851 took over the management of his two manors, Waterneverstorff (2114 ha), which he had inherited from his father, including the main farm, the Stöfs farm and the villages of Stöfs, Kembs, Behrensdorf , Seekamp, ​​Lippe and Gaartz in the Oldenburg estate district (1394 ha).

The Waterneverstorff manor district - according to Kärger, "the faithful image of a monarchy ruled in enlightened absolutism" - had 702 inhabitants in 1896, who lived in 87 houses and spread over 12 places. The main courtyard Waterneverstorff had 11 houses with 74 residents, the Meierhof Stöfs 1 house with 20 residents, the villages of Behrensdorf 37 houses with 277 residents, Kemps 11 with 79, Stöfs 9 with 97, Seekamp 8 with 69 and the remaining 6 living spaces 10 houses 86 residents.

Kärger 1893: “Anyone who wants to get to know the type of a patriarchally organized manor, who does not believe that a relationship between landlord, farmer and worker is still possible at the end of the 19th century, with the former taking full responsibility for the economic and the moral well-being of the peasant and laborer, and in which the latter have such a strong confidence in the landlord that they willingly and without grumbling allow him to make the most detailed regulations about their entire conduct of life and economy, and who does not believe that With such a relationship both parties can be extremely satisfied and happy, go to Waterneverstorff, he will soon have convinced himself of the opposite, if he has open eyes and open ears.

What characterizes the conditions there as well as those of all noble estates in Ostholstein, the so-called 'Grafenecke', is the fact that the farmers have also leased their land from the large landowners, so that they often have the land from several villages heard. The consequence of this is that their powers over the peasants are particularly great, as they are based on the one hand on a public-law relationship between the landlord and on the other hand on the private-law lease agreement. Secondly, this ten-year renewal lease gives the landlord the opportunity to force the peasants to continually perfect their agriculture, and thirdly, it gives the peasants the opportunity to impose obligations in favor of the farm workers, especially the obligations for them. This is a great advantage for the whole, because usually the farm teams are more easily available from their own farm than the farm teams and, secondly, because the tenants' positions are closer to the farms than to the main farm. "

Holstein not only administered its own estates, but was also appointed administrator of the Hessenstein Fidekommisgüter. The Wagrische Agricultural Association, which his father co-founded in Lensahn in 1828 and which he chaired as elected director from 1828–1842, appointed the practical farmer as its secretary from 1864–1869 and elected him as its third director from 1870–1897.

Politician

Assembly of estates in Itzehoe 1855–1863

As the owner of the manors Waterneverstorff in the district Plön and Gaartz in district Oldenburg in Holstein , he was a member of the Holstein States General until its dissolution 1867th

On February 25, 1864 at 10 a.m., the 82-year-old General Field Marshal Friedrich von Wrangel came through Lütjenburg on the way to Fehmarn , where the Danish military was based. He was greeted by the local Saxon military, who had been sent to thwart Danish attempts to land and was set up along the main road, by the city's magistrate and citizenship, by Senator Gäde, and by Holstein as representative of the surrounding estates.

In his memory, Holstein writes of a Saxon battalion that moved into Lütjenburg after a long march at the beginning of April 1864, and of which 100 men set out as soon as they heard from the Heisch paddock in Stöfs with the indescribably beautiful view of the Baltic Sea went there. "There they lay now, tired and mute, admiring the" big water "for the first time."

This view by Stöfs was first drawn in 1850 by Friedrich Adolph Hornemann based on nature and printed and made known by Charles Fuchs , then painted for Holstein in 1859 \ 60 by the Kiel artist Friedrich Loos, who came from Austria . Loos was just applying for the vacant position of draftsman at the University of Kiel and was in competition with the landscape painter Louis Gurlitt from Altona and the Kiel draftsman Wittmaack. Gurlitt first painted Stöfs' view in September 1861; it hangs in the Altona Museum, and then four more times for Holstein as a dowry for his daughters.

In 1866 Holstein was elected a member of the ongoing deputation of prelates and knighthood for the Duchy of Holstein under Austrian governorship, d. H. in the executive committee to represent the knighthood.

Provincial Diet 1867–1897

His Majesty the King Wilhelm I received the Counts of Reventlow Altenhof and von Holstein Neverstorf as a deputation of the Holstein knighthood in Berlin on January 6th, 1867. They will have indicated their consent to the annexation. 14 days later, on January 24, 1867, the duchies were integrated into the Prussian state as the province of Schleswig-Holstein on the basis of the annexation law of December 24, 1866 and the royal possession patent (or occupation patent) of January 12, 1867.

On August 12, 1868 at the latest, newspapers spread that King Wilhelm I wanted to visit the Elbe duchies annexed the previous year in September of that year, and from September 18 at the latest that Her Royal Highness would not accompany him, but would stay in southern Germany.

Shortly before the start of the trip, certainly as recognition and to strengthen the social network with Prussia, Holstein became knighthood in August 1868 at the same time as 6 other members of the knighthood such as MdH Friedrich Graf von Brockdorff Kleetkamp, ​​MdH Christian Graf zu Rantzau Oppendorf, Conrad Graf von Brockdorff Ahlefeld Ascheberg, Joachim Graf von Schimmelmann Ahrensburg and Hermann von Buchwaldt Helmsdorf - after examination by the chapter at the suggestion of Prince Karl - appointed by His Majesty the King as Knight of Honor of the Order of St. John.

On September 14, 1868, J. Wittmaack drew the proudest memory of Holstein: in the background the beautiful view of Stöfs, in the foreground the travel scene of King Wilhelm I sitting in a four-in-hand next to Landgravine Anna of Hesse and talking to members of the estate, next to it on the rising The Holstein who accompanies the coach is rapping himself and on the right in traditional costume 22 women and girls from the estate. "His Majesty had friendly conversations with several of them, men and women and girls, and expressed his satisfaction that he had been able to understand the Low German language so well." So Holstein in his memories.

Holstein belonged to the Provincial Parliament of Schleswig-Holstein when he was proposed in February 1871 in an election call signed by respected men of the constituency as a candidate for the Schleswig-Holstein constituency 9 for the 1st Reichstag. The appeal describes him as a man whose personality justifies the confidence that he will represent the constituency in the Reichstag in a way that takes the interests of Schleswig-Holstein and the entire fatherland equally into account. He closes with expectation. that Holstein will support the policy of the Federal Chancellor of the North German Confederation (Bismarck) at any time when the common good is important , without being swayed by class interests or political doctrines. With a turnout of only 38% with 2,646 votes, he was defeated by the left-liberal politician and opponent of the Prussian annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, Prof. Wilhelm Seelig , who prevailed with 5273 votes.

Reichstag 1877–1897

In the Reichstag election in 1877, Holstein ran again for his conservative party and won the runoff election with 11,416 votes against the Social Democrat Otto Reimer with 4,632 votes. From 1877 until his death in 1897 he was a member of the German Reichstag for the constituency of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein 9 ( Segeberg , Plön) and the German Conservative Party .

Honors

  • Knight of Honor of the Order of St. John , appointed in August 1868 by King Wilhelm I on the proposal of Prince Carl of Prussia,
  • Right knight of the Order of St. John , appointed in 1876 by Kaiser Wilhelm I.
  • Royal Crown Order (Prussia) 2nd class, awarded in 1881 awarded by Kaiser Wilhelm I.
  • Iron Cross 1st class.
  • Royal Crown Order (Prussia) 2nd class with star, awarded March 23, 1890 by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
  • Order of the Red Eagle 2nd Class with Oak Leaves, awarded on January 27, 1894 by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
  • Peter Ludwig Order, the highest Oldenburg order, was awarded to him by the Grand Duke of Oldenburg at Christmas 1894.

literature

  • Anton Bettelheim (Hrsg.): Biographisches Jahrbuch and German Nekrolog. Volume 2, 1898, Volume 4, 1900, Reimer, Berlin
  • Wilhelm Kosch , continued by Eugen Kuri: Biographisches Staats Handbuch. Francke, Bern [et al.] 1963.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses for the year 1876, p.385

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lisch, Georg Christian Friedrich: The related families of Holstein and Kruse In: Association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity: Yearbooks of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. - Vol. 29 (1864), p. 263
  2. ^ Rumohr, Henning von: Castles and mansions in Ostholstein , Frankfurt a. Main, 1973. pp. 210-222.
  3. ↑ a b c d e H. R. Hiort-Lorenzen og A. Thiset, Danmarks Adels Aarbog , Copenhagen 1890, 7th year, p. 238.
  4. ^ Hermann Genzken, The Abitur graduates of the Katharineum in Lübeck from Easter 1807-1907 , 1907
  5. ↑ The register of the University of Heidelberg edited by Gustav Toepke. Sixth part from 1848–1870, continued by Paul Heinzelmann. P. 12, line 213.
  6. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 64 , 449.
  7. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1798–1910, Karl Ruegener, page 439 no. 587.
  8. ^ W. Hirschfeld and H. Carstens, “Official report on the XI: Assembly of German farmers and foresters in Kiel in September 1847”, Altona 1848; Participant no. 791, 905, 1369, 1748, 2044,
  9. ↑ a b c d e Plöner Wochenblatt . February 21, 1871, page 59, Plön district archive.
  10. ↑ John v. Schröder and Hermann Biernatzki, Topography of the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, Oldenburg in Holstein 1855, p. 399/400 and p. 570/71
  11. ^ Henning Oldekop, Topography of the Duchy of Holstein , Volume I, Kiel 1908, pages 51/53 and 135/138
  12. ^ Ingo Bubert and Hanspeter Walter, manors, manors and castles in eastern Holstein , 2009, Sete 77/82 and 407/440
  13. ↑ Dr. Karl Kärger, Die Arbeiterpacht, a means to solve the rural labor question, Berlin 1893, page 119
  14. ↑ Dr. Otto Gerlach, Settlement of Agricultural Workers in Northern Germany, Berlin 1909
  15. ↑ Dr. Karl Kärger: The workers lease, a means to solve the rural workers question, Berlin 1893, page 119/20
  16. ↑ W. Kaufmann: The Wagrische agricultural association and its members , Eutin 1909, S. 205/6
  17. ^ Preetz Lütjenburger Wochenblatt of April 17, 1864.
  18. ↑ a b Henning Oldekop, Topography of the Duchy of Holstein. Volume I, Kiel 1908, Plön district, p. 137.
  19. ^ Views of aristocratic estates in Holstein, Friedrich Adolph Hornemann, printed by Charles Fuchs, 1850
  20. ↑ Ulrich Schulte Wülver and Bärbel Hedinger : Louis Gurlitt Portraits of European landscapes in paintings and drawings. Hamburg Flensburg Copenhagen 1998, p. 148
  21. ^ Finding aid of the holdings Section 59.1, Prussian-Austrian transitional authorities 1863–1868, by Jörg Rathjen (Publications of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives Volume 103, 2012)
  22. ↑ Royal Prussian State Gazette No. 5, Berlin, Monday, January 7th, 1867.
  23. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kronshagen.de
  24. ↑ Provincial Correspondenz No. 33, 12 Aug 1868.
  25. ↑ Provincial Correspondenz No 34 of August 19, 1868.
  26. ^ Preetz Lütjenburger Wochenzeitung , August, page 142
  27. ↑ Ulrich Schulte Wülver and Bärbel Hedinger, Louis Gurlitt Portraits of European landscapes in paintings and drawings. Hamburg, Flensburg Copenhagen, 1998, p. 151.
  28. ↑ Holger Rüdel . Farm workers and social democracy in Ostholstein 1872 to 1878, p. 177.
  29. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt . November 20, 1897, Plön district archive.
  30. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd Edition. Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1904, p. 113.
  31. ^ Preetz Lütjenburger Wochenblatt 1868, p. 142
  32. ↑ a b c d General Order Commission, Royal Prussian Order List 1895 , First Part, pp. 68, 707 and 1266.
  33. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt January 3, 1895 under "Surroundings of Lütjenburg".
personal data
SURNAME Holstein, Conrad von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Holstein-Holsteinborg, Conrad Adolph August Graf von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German manor owner and politician, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1825
PLACE OF BIRTH Well Waterneverstorf
DATE OF DEATH September 7, 1897
Place of death Well Waterneverstorf