Holstein Assembly of Estates

Itzehoe Council and State House

The Holstein Assembly of Estates was the parliament of the Duchy of Holstein between 1836 and 1864 with its seat in Itzehoe .

history

As a result of the July Revolution of 1830 and at the request of the German Confederation , the Danish king, in his function as Duke of Holstein, ordered the establishment of assemblies of estates as an advisory body in the Danish state on May 28, 1831 . The Prussian provincial estates were the model for these diets .

The concrete trigger for the demands for the constitution and the assembly of estates was Article 13 of the German Federal Act of 1815: "A land-class constitution will take place in all federal states." With this guarantee of the right to a land-class constitution, people remembered the old state parliaments, which last in 1675 and - without Representatives of the cities - had taken place in 1711/12, before the Danish king ordered the waiver of the further convening of assemblies of the estates because of “a lot of size and expense”, but without revoking the right. The pressure on the Danish king grew due to intensive constitutional debates in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, so that in 1831 he finally announced the establishment of advisory councils. The legal framework was the “Law on the Order of Provincial Estates” of May 28, 1831, but it lasted until October 1, 1835, on which the Holstein Estates Assembly met in Itzehoe, and until April 11, 1836, the day of the meeting of the Schleswig Assembly of Estates .

In 1846 the assemblies of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , which were dominated by German national liberals , were dissolved in protest against the admission of female succession in Schleswig by Christian VIII himself, as this would result in the separation of Schleswig from Holstein ( Up forever ungedeelt ) through the incorporation of the Duchy of Schleswig into the Kingdom of Denmark would have meant. In Holstein and Lauenburg as a German fiefdom, the male line of succession was valid. In the absence of male descendants of the Danish king, Holstein would have fallen to the German-minded Christian August von Augustenburg .

In the course of the Schleswig-Holstein uprising of 1848 and the First Schleswig-Holstein War from 1848 to 1851, the state assemblies of Schleswig and Holstein were effectively abolished by the Schleswig-Holstein constitution of June 5, 1849 and the Schleswig-Holstein state assembly took their place .

After the collapse of the Schleswig-Holstein uprising against Denmark in 1851, the assemblies were re-established by the Danish king in his function as Duke of Schleswig and Holstein and the members of parliament met again from 1853 to 1863.

On the basis of the ordinance concerning the constitution of the Danish monarchy for their common affairs of July 26th, 1854, the assembly of estates elected six members of the newly created Danish Imperial Council from 1855 onwards . With the repeal of the constitution for Holstein and Lauenburg in 1858, this election was dropped again.

After Denmark's defeat in the Second Schleswig-Holstein War against Prussia and Austria in 1864 , Schleswig fell to Prussia and Holstein to Austria.

On June 11, 1866, the Holstein assembly of estates was finally convened for the last time - this time by the Austrian governor. However, a conference was prevented by the side effects of the German-German war. After the end of the German-German War , the Duchy of Holstein also fell to Prussia and in 1867 was integrated into the Prussian state together with the Duchy of Schleswig as the Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

Tasks and organization

composition

The right of representation for the knighthood, the estates and the smaller landowners only had large landowners and for the cities the house owners, with court tenants being treated on an equal footing with the owners. There was also the owner of the duke's hereditary virile voice .

The members of the knighthood, the clergy and the representatives of the University of Kiel were not elected, but appointed by the Danish king. The elections of the representatives of the estates and the smaller landowners as well as the cities took place in a free public election, but the circumstances at the time were subject to far-reaching restrictions in terms of gender (women were not eligible to vote), age (the active right to vote was at least 25, the passive at the same time 30 years) and census (only wealthy citizens had the active and only very wealthy citizens had the right to vote). After the election, 48 deputies finally moved into the meeting of the estates.

The estates were made up of the representatives of the clergy (pastors, provosts, etc.), the representatives of the knighthood (nobles including prelates), the representatives of the aristocratic / larger manor districts (owners of the noble and largest manors), the representatives of the rural electoral districts (mostly wealthy farmers ), the representatives of the cities (house owners) and the representatives of Christian-Albrechts-Universität (professors).

Working method and focus

Itzehoe Estates Hall; as an extension to the old Itzehoe town hall (left)

A total of approx. 60 meetings (conference every two years in the Itzehoe Estates Hall) took place and during the period of its existence the Holstein Estates Assembly processed around 400 petitions from citizens. In addition, there were the templates that were assigned to the meeting of the estates by the Danish king as Duke of Holstein, as well as the expert opinions drawn up on his own initiative.

The general assembly met in plenary and committee meetings. The meetings were not open to the public, had an advisory function and lacked budgetary law, the central control instrument of today's parliament. The topics of the meetings included a. the question of national debt, the standardization of tariffs, the law on the poor, the strength of the armed forces and the creation of general conscription.

The constitutional question was a focus of the deliberations of the meeting of the estates. This led to discussions about a Schleswig-Holstein constitution, in which the indivisibility of the duchies was to be expressed, which was based on the basis of the Treaty of Ripen 1460 from the point of view of the Schleswig-Holsteiners guaranteed inseparable connection between the two duchies. Of particular importance in this debate was MP Niels Nikolaus Falck , who was also a Member of the Schleswig Assembly of Estates . The freely elected state assembly, which then provisionally resolved the constitutional question with the adoption of the Schleswig-Holstein constitutional law and wrote German constitutional history, was not constituted until after the Schleswig-Holstein uprising on August 15, 1848.

Competencies

The assembly of estates should advise on legislative procedures. They should be heard, especially in the event of interference with personal or property rights. However, their practical influence was limited. The absolute rights of the Danish king (" Royal Law ", Danish Kongelov ) as Duke of Holstein were not curtailed.

Members

President

Ludwig Balemann

Advocate Georg Ludwig Friedrich Balemann , State Deputy of the City of Kiel, President of the Estates Assembly 1835, 1838, 1840
Councilor and Higher Appeal Judge Friedrich Theodor Wiese , State Deputy of the City of Preetz, Neumünster, President of the Estates Assembly 1842, 1844
Chamberlain Carl Freiherr von Scheel-Plessen , State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood, President of the Estates Assembly in 1861
Georg Christian Burchardi , State Deputy of the City of Kiel, President of the State Assembly 1853

MPs

Großkäthner H. Ahlmann, State Deputy for the smaller landowners
I. Ahsbahs, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Alexander Arnemann , state deputy for noble / larger estates
Hufner J. Arp, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Hufner Arpe, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Court clerk Franz Michael d'Aubert , from 1835 to 1840 State Deputy of the City of Neustadt in Holstein, from 1859 to 1863 State Deputy of the City of Plön, Lütjenburg, Oldenburg
Provost and chief pastor Adolf Friedrich Balemann , state deputy of the clergy
Attorney Ludolf Conrad Hannibal Bargum , u. a. State deputy of the city of Kiel, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Hofjägermeister WH Graf von Baudissin, state deputy for noble / larger estates
Chamberlain JFC Graf von Baudissin-Borstel , State Deputy for the noble / larger estates
Wilhelm Behn , State Deputy at Christian Albrechts University
Privy Conference Council Baron von Blome , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Parcelist Conrad Johann Bokelmann , state deputy for noble / larger estates
Privy Councilor Cay Lorenz Freiherr von Brockdorff , State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Count Konrad von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Count von Brockdorff-Kletkamp, State Deputy for the noble / larger estates
Pastor Johann Bröker , state deputy of the clergy
Resident IE Bruhn, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Chamberlain, Hofjägermeister M. von Buchwaldt, deputy for the owner of the hereditary virile voice of the Duke of Holstein
von Buchwaldt-Neudorf, State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Chamberlain, District Administrator C. von Buchwaldt , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Chamberlain von Buchwaldt-Helmsdorf, state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood
Chamberlain C. von Buchwaldt, State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Privy Councilor and District Administrator Freiherr DH von Bülow, State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Baron von Bülow, state deputy for the noble / larger estates
Georg Christian Burchardi , State Deputy at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Resident Burmeister, class deputy of the smaller landowners
Hufner Busch, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Church provost, pastor Johann Friedrich Callisen , state deputy of the clergy, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Senator Johann Witt Carstens , State Deputy of the City of Kiel
Hufner Carstens, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Johannes Christiansen , State Deputy at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Attorney Hans Reimer Claussen , state deputy of the city of Neustadt in Holstein, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Hofjägermeister von Cronstern, deputy of the nobles / larger estates
Stain Plenipotentiary CH Dieck, State Deputy of the City of Elmshorn
Farm owner DC Died [e] richsen, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Etatsrath Donner, state deputy of the city of Altona
Hufner C.Ch. Doose, Deputy of the Smaller Landowners
Kirchspielvoigt Jakob Dührssen , state deputy for the smaller landowners
Deputy citizen JGE Eilers, state deputy of the city of Kiel
Farm owner FLC Elfeld, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Kirchspielvoigt J. Engelbrecht, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Budget councilor Niels Nikolaus Falck , state deputy at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Farm owners women, class deputies of the smaller landowners
Councilor of Justice, council member W. Gähler, state deputy of the city of Altona
Farm owner HN Gloy, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Budget councilor and city counsel von Gusmann, state deputy of the city of Altona
Count von Hahn-Neuhans, state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood
Friedrich Wilhelm von Halem (Member of Parliament) , State Deputy for the smaller landowners
Pastor Hansen, Deputy of the Clergy
Karl Friedrich Hasselmann , state deputy of the clergy
Hufner P. Hatje, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Pastor Adolf Friedrich Hensler , Deputy of the Clergy
Carl Landgraf zu Hessen , deputy for the owner of the hereditary virile vote of the Duke of Holstein
Wilhelm Hirschfeld , state deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Chamberlain, Hofjägermeister Heinrich Christoph Graf von Holstein , state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood
Hofjägermeister Julius von Hollen , State Deputy for the noble / larger estates
Count Conrad von Holstein , state deputy for the noble / larger estates
State Plenipotentiary Holm, State Deputy for the smaller landowners
C. Jargstorf, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Landing agent J. Johannsen, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Senator Junglöw, State Deputy of the City of Rendsburg
Attorney Johann Nikolaus Anton Kirchhoff , state deputy for the city of Wilster, Crempe, Elmshorn and Uetersen
Councilor of Justice, Monastery Syndic Carl Friedrich Hermann Klenze , State Deputy of the City of Uetersen, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Hofowner Kleinworth, state deputy of the city of Wandsbeck
Merchant GN Knauer, state deputy of the city of Altona
Higher and regional court attorney Ernst Johannes Knoop, state deputy of the city of Rendsburg
Merchant JWF Köhler, state deputy of the city of Altona
Körner, State Deputy of the City of Meldorf
Regular parcelist IP Lang, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Lawyer Theodor Lehmann , State Deputy of the City of Kiel, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Johann Cornelius Peter von Lengercke, State Deputy for Pinneberg, Wandsbeck and Wedel
Chamberlain von Levetzow, deputy for the owner of the hereditary virile vote of the Duke of Holstein
Landmesser PH Lichtwerk, state deputy of the city of Pinneberg
Businessman Eduard Lorentzen, State Deputy of the City of Altona
Merchant Lorenzen, State Deputy of the City of Heiligenhafen, Neustadt in Holstein
Justizrath, councilor Friedrich August Lorentzen , state deputy of the smaller landowners, sp. State Deputy of the City of Oldesloe
Advocate Georg Löck , State Deputy of the city of Itzehoe
Lübbe, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Senator Lübbe, State Deputy of the City of Wilster
Hofbesitzer Lüders, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
Farm owner, chief officer CHR Mannshardt, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Pastor Johann August Mau , state deputy of the clergy
Hofjägermeister Aimé von Mesmer-Saldern , state deputy for noble / larger estates
Farm owner M. Meyn, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
Ludwig Meyn , state deputy of the smaller landowners, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Farm owner C. Möller, estate deputy for the smaller landowners
P. Möller, State Deputy for the smaller landowners
Chamberlain Lucius Carl von Neergaard , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates, Vice President of the State Assembly in 1842, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Theodor Olshausen , from 1847 state deputy of the city of Kiel, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement, later Minister for Police and Poor Affairs in the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein
Resident Otto Hermann Ottens , class deputy for the smaller landowners
Merchant, agent, councilor J. Paap, state deputy of the city of Rendsburg
Plenipotentiary Paulsen, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Plenipotentiary Peters, State Deputy of the City of Heide
Pfannenschmidt, State Deputy of the City of Oldesloe, Segeberg
Plenipotentiary Nikolaus Moritz Pflueg , state deputy of the smaller landowners (later member of the Prussian House of Representatives)
Lawyer Ludwig Peter Wilhelm von Prangen , State Deputy of the City of Glückstadt, Vice-President of the State Assembly 1842
Budget councilor Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Preusser , state deputy of the city of Kiel, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Brick factory owner IC Radbruch, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Chamberlain Count OC von Rantzau, State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Christian Graf von Rantzau , state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood
Monastery provost Otto von Rantzau , state deputy of the noble / larger estates
Secret conference councilor Count Carl Emil zu Rantzau , state deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Budget Councilor Henning Ratjen , State Deputy at Christian Albrechts University
Johann Christian Ravit , representative of the University of Kiel
Pastor Reepen, Deputy of the Clergy
Merchant Theodor Reincke, State Deputy of the city of Altona, Vice-President of the State Assembly 1861
Agent D. Renck, State Deputy of the City of Neumünster
Chamberlain Ernst Christian von Reventlow , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Chamberlain, monastery provost, Hofjägermeister Theodor Graf von Reventlow-Jersbeck , state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood
Adolph Graf von Reventlow , State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Chamberlain, monastery provost, district administrator Friedrich Graf von Reventlou , state deputy of the Holstein prelates and knighthood, later minister of the interior and exterior of the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein
Hofjägermeister, Chamberlain Joseph Carl Graf von Reventlow-Criminil , State Deputy of the noble / larger estates
Chief of Staff Rickers, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Attorney Rissen, State Deputy of the City of Heiligenhafen, Neustadt in Holstein
Hufner Rohwer, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Court owner J. Rohwer, estate deputy for the smaller landowners
Merchant Roscher, State Deputy of the City of Altona
Hofbesitzer Roß, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
Hufner Rossen, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Justizrath Heinrich Rötger , state deputy of the city of Itzehoe
Farm owner F. Schade, estate deputy for the smaller landowners
Farm owner Jakob Scharmer , state deputy for the smaller landowners
Chamberlain Count von Scheel-Plessen, State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
von Schilden, deputy of the smaller landowners
Privy Councilor Count von Schimmelmann, State Deputy of the Holstein Prelates and Knighthood
Bauernvoigt JH Schoer, class deputy for the smaller landowners
Pastor Ludwig Christian Schrader , state deputy of the clergy
GW Schröder, State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
Hofbesitzer Schröder, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
Hofbesitzer Schütt, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
Businessman Johann Schweffel , State Deputy of the City of Kiel
Landsasse Schwerdtfeger, estate deputy for the noble / larger estates
Schwerdtfeger-Warendorf, state deputy of the noble / larger estates
Merchant Johann Carl Semper, state deputy of the city of Altona
Hufner H. Sieck, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Pastor Simonsen, Deputy of the Clergy
Court owner JH Speetzen, class deputy for the smaller landowners
S. Tamm, state deputy for noble / larger estates
Paper manufacturer Tegtmeier, class deputy of the smaller landowners
Advocate Thomsen, State Deputy of the City of Oldesloe
Advocate JGH Tiedemann , state deputy of the city of Glückstadt
Main and monastery preacher Ernst Friedrich Versmann , state deputy of the clergy, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Plenipotentiary Voss, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Georg Waitz , member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
Bauernvoigt GHU Werner, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Senator Westphal, State Deputy of the City of Segeberg, Oldesloe
Wall, Deputy of the City of Altona
Halbhufner C. Wiese, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Winckler leaseholder, class deputy for the smaller landowners
State and parish representative P. Witt, state deputy of the smaller landowners
Wittrock, state deputy for the smaller landowners
Parish Voigt Claus benefactors , Ständedeputierter of the smaller land owners
Court clerk L. Wynecken, state deputy of the city of Lütjenburg

literature

Klaus Volquartz: On the 150th anniversary of the Holstein meeting of the estates. October 1, 1835 - Itzehoe - October 1, 1985. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1985, ISBN 3-529-02680-8 .
Ortwin Pelc : Itzehoe. History of a city in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Itzehoe 1991.

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