Schleswig Assembly of Estates

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State Hall of Schleswig - today's Schleswig City Hall

The Schleswigsche Estates Assembly ( Danish : Den slesvigske stænderforsamling ) was the parliament of the Duchy of Schleswig between 1836 and 1846 and between 1852 and 1864. It had its seat initially in Schleswig , after 1852 in the newly built Estates House in Flensburg .

history

As a result of the July Revolution of 1830 and prompted the German Federal Danish king ordered in his capacity as Duke of Schleswig on 28 May 1831 in the Danish general government setting up stalls meetings as an advisory body to. The Prussian provincial parliaments were the model for these diets . As Duke of Holstein, which was a member of the German Confederation, the Danish King had to comply with the German Confederation's request for regional assemblies of estates and, in addition to Holstein, ordered these for the Duchy of Schleswig (as a Danish fiefdom) as well as for North Jutland and the Danish islands.

The concrete trigger for the demands for the constitution and the assembly of estates was Article 13 of the German Federal Act of 1815: "A state constitution will take place in all federal states." With this guarantee of the right to the constitution of the estates, people remembered the old parliaments, which last took place in 1675 and - without representatives of the cities - in 1711/12, before the Danish king renounced the further convening of assemblies of estates because of "the vastness and expense "ordered, but without revoking the right. The pressure on the Danish king grew due to intensive constitutional debates in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, so that in 1831 he finally announced the establishment of advisory councils. The legal framework was formed by the "Law on the Order of Provincial Estates" of May 28, 1831, but it lasted until October 1, 1835, when the Holstein Assembly of Estates met in Itzehoe, and until April 11, 1836, the day of the meeting of the Schleswig Assembly of Estates.

In 1846 the assemblies of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , which were dominated by German national liberals , were dissolved in protest against the admission of female succession in Schleswig by Christian VIII himself, as this would result in the separation of Schleswig from Holstein ( Up eternally ungeled ) and the incorporation of the Duchy of Schleswig into feared the Kingdom of Denmark. In Holstein and Lauenburg as a German fiefdom, the male line of succession was valid. In the absence of male descendants from the Danish king, Holstein would have fallen to the German-minded Christian August von Augustenburg .

In the course of the Schleswig-Holstein uprising of 1848 and the First Schleswig-Holstein War from 1848 to 1851, the state assemblies of Schleswig and Holstein were effectively abolished by the Schleswig-Holstein constitution of June 5, 1849 and the Schleswig-Holstein state assembly took their place .

After the collapse of the Schleswig-Holstein uprising against Denmark in 1851, the assemblies were re-established by the Danish king in his function as Duke of Schleswig and Holstein and the members of parliament met again from 1853 to 1863. On the basis of the ordinance relating to the constitution of the Danish monarchy for their communal affairs of July 26, 1854, the assembly of estates elected five members of the newly created Danish Imperial Council from 1855 onwards .

After Denmark's defeat in the Second Schleswig-Holstein War against Prussia and Austria in 1864 , Schleswig fell to Prussia and Holstein to Austria and the assembly of estates was thus dissolved.

Tasks and organization

composition

The right of representation for the knighthood, the estates and the smaller landowners only had large landowners and for the cities the house owners, with court tenants being treated on an equal footing with the owners. There was also the owner of the duke's hereditary virile voice .

The members of the knighthood, the clergy and the representatives of the University of Kiel were not elected, but appointed by the Danish king. The elections of the representatives of the estates and the smaller landowners as well as the cities took place in a free public election, but the circumstances at the time were subject to far-reaching restrictions in terms of gender (women were not eligible to vote), age (the active right to vote was at least 25, the passive at the same time 30 years) and census (only wealthy citizens had the active and only very wealthy citizens had the right to vote). After the election, 44 deputies finally moved into the meeting of the estates.

The estates were made up of the representatives of the clergy (pastors, provosts, etc.), the representatives of the knighthood (nobles including prelates), the representatives of the aristocratic / larger manor districts (owners of the noble and largest manors), the representatives of the rural electoral districts (mostly wealthy farmers ), the representatives of the cities (house owners) and the representatives of Christian-Albrechts-Universität (professors).

Working method and focus

A total of 58 meetings took place (conference every two years in the State Hall in Schleswig) and during the time it was in existence, the Schleswig State Assembly processed around 400 petitions from citizens. In addition, there were the templates that were assigned to the meeting of the estates by the Danish king as Duke of Schleswig, as well as the expert opinions drawn up on his own initiative.

The general assembly met in plenary and committee meetings. The meetings were not open to the public, had an advisory function and lacked budgetary law, the central control instrument of today's parliament. The topics of the meetings included a. the question of national debt, the standardization of tariffs, the law on the poor, the strength of the armed forces and the creation of general conscription.

A particular point of contention in the Schleswig assembly of the estates was the language question of the duchy. The question of whether German should continue to play a leading role in the Duchy of Schleswig or whether Danish should continue to play a leading role in the future escalated in the Assembly of Estates when the Danish-minded liberal MP Hiort Lorenzen began to speak Danish in the Assembly of Estates on November 11, 1842. On November 16, 1842, President Falck, who tried to compensate, prohibited him from using the Danish language. The Danish king confirmed this on March 29, 1844 in a "language patent". This prohibited the use of the Danish language in the assembly of estates. Only the members of the Schleswig Assembly of Estates who spoke no German at all were allowed to speak Danish at the meetings of the Assembly of Estates. As a result, the four Danish-minded MPs, led by Lorenzen, boycotted the following meetings of the Estates.

Another focus of the deliberations of the meeting of the estates was the constitutional question. This led to discussions about a Schleswig-Holstein constitution, in which the indivisibility of the duchies was to be expressed, which was based on the basis of the Treaty of Ripen 1460 from the point of view of the Schleswig-Holsteiners guaranteed inseparable connection between the two duchies. Here there was also the demand to set up a joint assembly of estates for the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. On June 29, 1836, MP Niels Nikolaus Falck proposed the establishment of a joint meeting of the estates. The deliberation ended in 1838 with 34 to 4 votes in the request "that your Majesty may graciously decree to merge the two separate estates of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein into a common Schleswig-Holstein meeting of estates". The freely elected state assembly, which then provisionally resolved the constitutional question with the adoption of the Schleswig-Holstein constitutional law and wrote German constitutional history, was not constituted until after the Schleswig-Holstein uprising on August 15, 1848.

Competencies

The assembly of estates should advise on legislative procedures. They should be heard, especially in the event of interference with personal or property rights. However, their practical influence was limited. The absolute rights of the Danish king (" Royal Law ", Danish Kongelov ) as Duke of Schleswig were not curtailed.

people

President

  • Chamberlain, regional and higher judge Magnus Graf von Moltke , state deputy of the city of Schleswig, president of the constituent meeting of the state in 1836, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Budget councilor Niels Nikolaus Falck , state deputy at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, president of the state assemblies in 1838, 1840, 1842 and 1844, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Wilhelm Beseler , State Deputy of the city of Tondern, President of the State Assembly of 1846, later President of the Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement

Lists of representatives

For the lists of MPs in the individual diets (election periods) see:

MPs

  • Chamberlain and District Administrator Ernst Carl von Ahlefeldt , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Chamberlain Friedrich Carl Georg von Ahlefeldt , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Secret conference councilor and monastery provost Friedrich von Ahlefeldt , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Hofjägermeister Henning Otto von Ahlefeldt , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Sandmann Peter Alexandersen , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Sugar refiner Andresen, Deputy of the City of Aabenraa
  • Farm owner Johann Detlev Arp , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Christoph Karl Julius Asschenfeldt , Deputy of the Clergy
  • M. Bahnsen, State Deputy of the City of Aabenraa
  • Eduard Graf von Baudissin , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Roderich Graf von Baudissin , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Berwaldt, State Deputy of the City of Schleswig
  • Sandmann Hans Christian Bladt , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Bohlsmann Christian Bonefeldt , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Nicolaus Boysen , state deputy of the clergy, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Advocate Jürgen Bremer , state deputy of the city of Eckernförde, later Minister of Justice of the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Chamberlain Ludwig Baron von Brockdorff , state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Pastor Christian Christiansen , Deputy of the Clergy
  • Manufacturer CE Claussen, state deputy of the city of Kappeln
  • Hofjägermeister von Cronstern, deputy of the nobles / larger estates
  • Farm owner Hans Klindt Dahl , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Budget Caspar Arnold Engel , State Deputy, member of the Central Committee of Wilhelm Beseler
  • Probst Friedrich Ebbesen , state deputy of the clergy
  • Heinrich Carl Esmarch , State Deputy of the City of Sønderborg, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Mayor Ulrich Fries , State Deputy of the City of Flensburg
  • Jacob Gülich , State Deputy of the City of Schleswig, Vice President of the State Assembly from 1842 and 1844
  • Landsasse Güntzel, state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Landsasse Johann Hamann , state deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
  • Rathmann Hamkens, state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Provost Aleth Sophus Hansen , Deputy of the Clergy
  • Farm owner Andreas Hansen , estate deputy of the smaller landowners sp. of noble / larger goods
  • Blacksmith Jes Hansen , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Council relative Johann Jacob Hansen , city deputy
  • Sandmann Jürgen Hansen , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Council relative Johann Christian Heide , state deputy of the city of Sønderborg
  • Landsasse Henningsen, state deputy for the noble / larger estates
  • Hans Hensen , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Farm owner and Müller P. Hinrichsen, estate deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Siegfried Baron von Hobe , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
  • Court clerk Klaus Jaspersen , state deputy for the smaller landowners, vice-president of the state assembly of 1836 and 1838
  • H. Jepsen, state deputy for the noble / larger estates
  • Agent, councilor Heinrich Jensen , state deputy of the city of Flensburg
  • Innkeeper Jacob Jessen , city deputy
  • Court owner Christian Hansen Juhl , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Court owner JP Kielholz, estate deputy of the smaller landowners
  • Johann Georg Kittel , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
  • City Treasurer Jens Clausen Klestrup
  • Hans Andersen Krüger , Deputy of the Smaller Landowners sp. of noble / larger goods
  • Farm owner Nis Lorenzen , state deputy for the smaller landowners, Danish-minded MP
  • Merchant Hiort Lorenzen , State Deputy of the City of Hadersleben sp. of the city of Sønderborg, Danish-minded MP
  • Pastor Lorenz Lorenzen , state deputy of the clergy, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Rathsverwandter JGR Marquardsen, city deputy
  • Resident PF Martensen, class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Brandy distiller Matthias Christian Mathiesen , city deputy
  • Pastor Christian Daniel Möller , Deputy of the Clergy
  • Sandmann FS Möller, state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Court owner Johann Friedrich Momsen , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Innkeeper Friedrich Carl la Motte , State Deputy of the City of Sønderborg
  • Erbpachtsmüller Müller, class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Deichgraf Nielsen, state deputy of the city of Tondern
  • Nissen, state deputy of the city of Hadersleben
  • Provost P. Otzen, state deputy of the clergy
  • Church provost Peter Paulsen , state deputy of the clergy
  • Landmesser Jens Paulsen , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Farm owner Andreas Petersen , state deputy of the smaller landowners, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Merchant Hans Petersen , state deputy of the city of Hadersleben
  • Pfenning master MC Petersen, class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Farm owner Posselt, estate deputy for the smaller landowners
  • GC Radbruch, state deputy for noble / larger estates
  • Privy conference councilor Count von Rantzau, state deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Council relative Peter Hinrich Rehder , state deputy of the city of Husum
  • Chamberlain Count von Reventlow, State Deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood
  • Chamberlain Theodor Graf von Reventlow , State Deputy of the Schleswig prelates and knighthood, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement, Vice-President of the State Assembly of 1846
  • Kirchspielvoigt Hans Christian Reuter , state deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Farm owner, lawyer Christian Rönnenkamp , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Landsasse Christian August von Rumohr , State Deputy of the noble / larger estates
  • Christian August Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg , deputy for the owner of the hereditary virile voice of the Duke of Schleswig, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Prince Friedrich Emil of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg , state deputy of the city of Eckernförde, later Minister of War of the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Kaufmann, Senator Peter Christian Schmidt , State Deputy of the City of Tönning sp. of noble / larger goods
  • Chancellery Hans Petersen Schmidt , State Deputy of the City of Flensburg
  • Mayor Schütt, State Deputy of the City of Friedrichstadt
  • Farm owner Laurids Stau , class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Hufner Thies Steenholdt , class deputy of the smaller landowners, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Lawyer Johann Casimir Storm , state deputy for the smaller landowners, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Pastor Uhde Thaden , Deputy of the Clergy
  • Lehnsmann, Rathmann Adolph Theodor Thomsen , state deputy of the smaller landowners, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Rathsverwandter HW Thomsen, class deputy of the smaller landowners
  • Farm owner Todsen, class deputy of the smaller landowners, member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Chamberlain Franz Ludwig von Warnstedt , State Deputy for the aristocratic / larger estates
  • Lehnsvoigt Weber, class deputy for the smaller landowners
  • Court owner Friedrich August Wethje , state deputy of the smaller landowners, close to the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement
  • Chamberlain Jacob Wilder
  • Court owner J. Wolff, estate deputy for the smaller landowners

Persons elected to the Reichrat by the Schleswig Assembly of Estates

choice title Surname annotation
November 28, 1855 Budget Council Christian Flor
November 28, 1855 Minister for the Duchy of Schleswig Friedrich Hermann Wolfhagen
April 1, 1856 Head of Department in the Ministry for the Duchy of Schleswig Rudolph Kranold
March 5, 1858 Council of Justice CM Poulsen
September 22, 1859 Arithmetic man, Hufner Andreas Hansen

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Danish Movement. Retrieved April 25, 2011 .
  2. ^ HR Hiort-Lorenzen: Wolfhagen, Friedrich Hermann . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 19 : Vind – Oetken . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1905, p. 169-170 (Danish, runeberg.org ).