Karl of Hessen-Kassel

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Johann Heinrich Tischbein : Karl of Hessen-Kassel

Karl von Hessen-Kassel (born December 19, 1744 in Kassel ; † August 17, 1836 at Louisenlund Castle in Güby ) was the non-ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and the Danish governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.

Life

Karl of Hessen-Kassel

The third son of the ruling Landgrave Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel and Princess Maria of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover (1723–1772) , a daughter of King George II , grew up in Denmark under the care of his aunt, Louise of Great Britain , after his father, then Hereditary Prince of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel , converted to Catholicism in 1747 and his parents separated. Even after his aunt's early death in 1751, Karl stayed in Denmark.

He joined the Danish army in 1761 and marched under General Claude-Louis, comte de Saint-Germain to Holstein, to join the Imperial Russian Army of Peter III. to oppose in Mecklenburg . As early as 1764 he became major, in 1766 general of the infantry and president of the council of war, grand master of the artillery and chief of the guards. In addition, he was governor in Norway (until 1768; he only visited Norway in 1772, 1773 and 1788 and otherwise resided at Gottorf Castle ).

In 1768 he succeeded Count Friedrich Ludwig von Dehn as royal governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein and was assigned Gottorf Castle as his residence.

Also in 1768 he bought the fiefdom of the estate and the village of Rumpenheim from the Edelsheim (noble family) with the consent of their feudal lords, the Counts of Hanau - at the time already secondary titles in the House of Hesse . In 1771 he expanded the manor house there to become Rumpenheim Castle .

In 1774 he was appointed Danish field marshal. In the War of the Bavarian Succession he was a volunteer in the army of King Friedrich II and enjoyed the trust of the Prussian king.

In September 1788 he was commander in chief of the Danish troops against Sweden in the cranberry war (Danish: Tyttebærkrigen ). When the Swedes attacked Russia in the Russo-Swedish War , Denmark had to provide troops as an ally of Russia. A Danish army attacked Gothenburg from Norway . Under pressure from England and Prussia, an armistice was signed on October 9, 1788, and the Danes withdrew to Norway.

In 1790, Karl canceled serfdom on his Gereby estate near Kappeln . In his honor, this place on the southern bank of the Schlei was renamed Karlsburg in 1807. From 1820 he had the manor house there expanded to become the Carlsburg manor house .

He received the title of "Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel" on January 25, 1805, after the ruling Landgrave had been elevated to electoral prince in 1803 in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . In 1814 he was appointed General Field Marshal.

Freemasonry

The Freemasonry gained by Karl von Hessen-Kassel in Denmark recognition as a public corporation (Germany) . He was the founder of numerous Masonic lodges and master of the chair of the four united Hamburg lodges of the Strict Observance , in which he held the office of coadjutor alongside Grand Master Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig and later took over his office.

In 1796, Karl von Hessen succeeded Duke Ferdinand, who died in 1792, as Grand Master General and head of the "Rectified Scottish Rite" (name of the Strict Observance after the Wilhelmsbad Convention ), which he remained until his death in 1836.

By the Grand Orient de France Masonic lodges founded and composed mainly of Jewish members to the rising dawn in Frankfurt and to the combined friends in Mainz he made after the Napoleonic wars under his protection, gave them a new constitution and obtained for the lodge to rising Dawn even a patent for the Christian Scottish high degrees . In 1816 he put the old Scottish director's lodge Carl zum Aufstieg Sonne in Frankfurt and also the old Scottish director's lodge Carl zum Licht in Mainz in 1816 ; In addition, in 1817 he issued a deed of foundation to the Frankfurt Lodge Carl zum Aufstieg Licht , and also in 1817 to the Lodge Friedrich zum Nordstern in Homburg vor der Höhe. He took care of the concerns of "his" boxes in Frankfurt and Mainz with great commitment.

During the decline of the Strict Observance after the Wilhelmsbad Freemason Convention from July 16 to September 1, 1782, he became, like Duke Ferdinand of Braunschweig, one of the most important members of the Order of Illuminati .

Namesake

medal

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Karl Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel (1654–1730)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wilhelm VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1682–1760)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amalia of Courland (1653-1711)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich II. Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1720–1785)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Moritz Wilhelm of Saxony-Zeitz (1664–1718)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxony-Zeitz (1691–1743)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maria Amalia of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1670–1739)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Karl of Hessen-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 George I King of Great Britain (1660-1727)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 George II King of Great Britain (1683–1760)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Dorothea of ​​Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1666–1726)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mary of Great Britain (1723–1772)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1683–1737)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eleanor of Saxony-Eisenach (1662–1696)
 
 
 
 
 
 

progeny

Princess Louise of Denmark and Norway

On August 30, 1766, Karl von Hessen-Kassel and the Danish Princess Louise, a daughter of the Danish King Friedrich V, married at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen . The couple had the following children:

literature

  • Jens Ahlers (ed.): Landgrave Carl von Hessen 1744-1836. Governor in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (exhibition catalog. Publications of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives 47), Schleswig 1996.
  • Carsten Erich Carstens :  Karl, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 296 f.
  • Alf Hermann: Secret Louisenlund. Insights into Europe's most important Freemason Park (with chapters on Karl von Hessen and his friend, the Count of Saint-Germain), Kiel 2010.

Web links

Commons : Karl von Hessen-Kassel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Manfred Jessen-Klingenberg : The Schleswig-Holstein Canal - Eider Canal . In: Communications from the Society for Kiel City History. Vol. 85, Issue 3/2010, p. 117.
  2. ↑ Knut Mykland: Kampen om Norge 1784 - 1814 . Cappelens Forlag 1978. p. 24.
  3. ↑ Walter Hess: History of the Rectified Scottish Rite: Bayreuth 2002. S. 133.
  4. ^ The homecoming of the lodge brothers in: FAZ of September 30, 2011, page 47.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Schmidt, notes, as an addition to the history of the lodge "Carl to the rising light" in Frankfurt aM and "Friedrich zum Nordstern" in Homburg vdH in: August Glahn, Friedrich zum Nordstern in Homburg vdH, Frankfurt 1912, pp. 119–150 ; here p. 136.
  6. ↑ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon . 5th edition 2006, Herbig Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7766-2478-6 .
  7. ^ August Glahn, Friedrich zum Nordstern in Homburg vdH , Frankfurt 1912.
  8. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-muenster.de
personal data
SURNAME Hessen-Kassel, Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hessen-Kassel, Carl von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hessian nobleman, governor of Schleswig-Holstein
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1744
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH 17th August 1836
Place of death Louisenlund Castle , Güby , Duchy of Schleswig