Niederbarnim district
The district of Niederbarnim , until 1939 Niederbarnim district , until the 19th century also called Niederbarnimscher district , was a district in Brandenburg until 1952 . The designation Niederbarnim was first mentioned in 1412 and designated from 1451 (division of Barnim into "Hohen Barnim" (Oberbarnim) and "Niederbarnim") to 1952 a regional administrative unit.
The district comprised almost the entire area around Berlin north of the Spree. Until Greater Berlin was founded on October 1, 1920, numerous parts of Berlin today belonged to this district. Its counterpart on the southern side of the Spree was the district of Teltow . Both districts profited to an extreme degree from the suburbanization of the capital, which is squeezed into narrow city limits. The communities bordering Berlin grew from villages to suburbs with a five-digit population in just a few years. In contrast to many of the communities in the Teltow district, the Niederbarnimer suburbs were predominantly inhabited by workers and had low tax revenues.
With the exception of the municipalities that were dissolved in Greater Berlin in 1920, the former district area still belongs to Brandenburg today, primarily to the districts of Oberhavel and Barnim . The town of Altlandsberg , the municipalities of Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf , Hoppegarten , Neuenhagen , Petershagen / Eggersdorf and Rüdersdorf as well as the municipality of Rehfelde are part of the new district of Märkisch-Oderland . The southern area up to the Spree with the city of Erkner as well as the municipalities of Schöneiche , Woltersdorf and Grünheide are part of the Oder-Spree district .
Administrative history
Prussia
In the post-medieval period, the Margraviate of Brandenburg was divided into circles . One of these historical circles was the Niederbarnimsche district or county Niederbarnim . Until the French era , the city of Berlin was also included in the Niederbarnim district.
In the course of the Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions, the district (excluding the city of Berlin) became part of the administrative district of Potsdam in the province of Brandenburg . In the administrative district of Potsdam a district reform took place with effect from April 1, 1817, through which the Niederbarnim district was enlarged by several places:
- The villages of Erkner , Hennickendorf , Herzfelde , Kagel , Lichtenow , Rehfelde , Rüdersdorf , Werder and Zinndorf changed from the Oberbarnim district to the Niederbarnim district.
- The village of Quaden-Germendorf moved from the dissolved Glien-Löwenberg district to the Niederbarnim district.
The district 's district office remained in the Nieder-Barnimer district building in Berlin NW 40 on Friedrich-Karl-Ufer 5.
Some places in the district bordering on Berlin belonged to the administrative district of Berlin until January 1, 1822 , which was dissolved on that day. The entire district was now part of the Potsdam administrative district .
On January 1, 1861, the places Moabit (6500 inhabitants) as well as Wedding and Gesundbrunnen (together around 10,000 inhabitants) were incorporated into Berlin.
April 1, 1908, the city was Lichtenberg that the on November 15, 1907 city charter had received the independent city collected and separated so out of the loop Niederbarnim. At that time, Lichtenberg already had around 68,000 inhabitants and grew to 145,000 over the next twelve years.
On April 1, 1912, the rural community Boxhagen-Rummelsburg was incorporated into the town of Lichtenberg from the Niederbarnim district. This changed its name to Berlin- Lichtenberg in the same year .
Greater Berlin Act
On October 1st, 1920, 29 rural communities and 14 manor and forest districts of the district were incorporated into the newly formed urban districts of Berlin with the "Greater Berlin" law (communities over 1000 inhabitants with 1919 population):
- in the Reinickendorf district :
- the rural communities
- Reinickendorf (41,000 inhabitants),
- Rosenthal ( western part , 4300),
- Heiligensee (2000),
- Hermsdorf near Berlin (7700),
- Lübars (4400),
- Tegel (20,000) and
- Wittenau (10,000).
- the Gutsbezirke Frohnau (1200 inhabitants), Tegel-Forst-Nord , Tegel-Schloß and Jungfernheide (northern part).
- the rural communities
- in the Pankow district :
- the rural communities
- Pankow (58,000 inhabitants),
- Niederschönhausen (18,900),
- Buchholz (4900),
- Heinersdorf (1000),
- Rosenthal ( eastern part , 1700),
- Blankenburg (1100),
- Blankenfelde ,
- Book (3900) and
- Karow ,
- the estate districts of Rosenthal, Niederschönhausen with Schönholz , Buch, Blankenburg and Blankenfelde.
- the rural communities
- in the Weissensee district :
- the rural communities
- Weißensee (46,000 inhabitants),
- Hohenschönhausen (6700),
- Falkenberg ,
- Malchow and
- Wartenberg
- the manor districts of Malchow, Wartenberg and Falkenberg.
- the rural communities
- in the Lichtenberg district :
- the rural communities
- Friedrichsfelde (24,400),
- Biesdorf (3000),
- Kaulsdorf (3400),
- Mahlsdorf (6000) and
- Marzahn ,
- the estate districts of Biesdorf and Hellersdorf / Wuhlgarten
- the rural communities
- in the Köpenick district :
- the rural communities
- Friedrichshagen (15,000 inhabitants),
- Rahnsdorf (2700)
- the rural communities
- in the Treptow district :
- the rural community of Oberschöneweide (25,600 inhabitants)
- in the Friedrichshain district :
- the rural community of Stralau (4,800 inhabitants)
The districts of Reinickendorf, Pankow, Weißensee and Lichtenberg emerged entirely from parts of the former Niederbarnimer area. The area of the districts of Köpenick and Treptow previously belonged predominantly to the district of Teltow, which von Friedrichshain - apart from Stralau - had previously belonged to Berlin.
Republic and National Socialism
On September 30, 1929 , a regional reform took place in the Niederbarnim district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia , in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
The district office was to be relocated to Bernau in 1938 ; however, it remained in Berlin until the end of the war .
On January 1, 1939 resulted circle Niederbarnim the term in accordance with the rich now unified control district .
The Niederbarnim district included on January 1, 1945
- the four cities of Altlandsberg , Bernau near Berlin , Liebenwalde and Oranienburg
- 80 more parishes
- and four forest manor districts .
GDR
The law on the amendment to improve the district and municipal boundaries of April 28, 1950 brought extensive changes to the area on July 1, 1950:
- The communities of Erkner , Grünheide (Mark) , Hennickendorf , Herzfelde , Kagel , Kienbaum , Mönchwinkel , Rüdersdorf near Berlin , Schöneiche near Berlin , Spreeau and Woltersdorf moved from the Niederbarnim district to the newly formed Fürstenwalde district .
- The communities of Lichtenow , Rehfelde , Werder and Zinndorf moved from the Niederbarnim district to the newly formed Seelow district .
- The municipalities of Biesenthal , Buchholz , Danewitz , Hirschfelde , Ladeburg , Rüdnitz , Schönfeld , Tempelfelde , Weesow , Wegendorf , Werneuchen , Wesendahl and Willmersdorf moved from the Oberbarnim district to the Niederbarnim district.
With the "Law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of the state organs in the state of Brandenburg" of July 25, 1952, the Niederbarnim district was dissolved and divided into the newly created districts of Oranienburg , Bernau and Strausberg .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1750 | 1 | 18,854|
1800 | 1 | 32,550|
1816 | 33,846 | |
1846 | 66,719 | |
1871 | 88,654 | |
1890 | 188.297 | |
1900 | 293.025 | |
1910 | 445.265 | |
1925 | 138,783 | |
1933 | 180.941 | |
1939 | 232.106 | |
1946 | 222.992 |
Local constitution
The Niederbarnim district was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia , Brandenburg, Pomerania , Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
District administrators
- von Platen –1727 Hartwig Caspar Ernst
- 1728–1750 Samuel von Marschall
- 1750–1776 Karl Gottlob von Nüßler
- 1776–1787 Alexander von der Schulenburg
- 1787–1825 von Pannwitz Albrecht Wilhelm
- 1825–1830 von Voss Otto Karl Phillip
- 1830–1834 Eduard Alexander von der Schulenburg
- 1834–1836 Wilhelm von Massow
- 1836–1838 Friedrich Ludwig von Armin
- 1838–1841 Hartmann von Witzleben
- 1841–1843 Gustav von Roeder
- 1843–1892 Georg Scharnweber
- 1892–1898 Wilhelm von Waldow
- 1898–1905 Sigismund von Treskow
- 1905–1911 Siegfried von Roedern
- 1911–1917 Felix Busch
- 1917–1920 Joachim von Bredow
- 1920–1933 Franz Schlemminger
- 1933–1944 Max Weiss
- 1944–1945 Oskar Funk
cities and communes
Status 1945
In 1945 the following towns and communities belonged to the Niederbarnim district:
In 1945 there were also the four forest estate districts Barnimer Heide, Oranienburger Heide, Rüdersdorfer Heide and Schorfheide.
Communities dissolved before 1945
In addition to the incorporation into Berlin under the Greater Berlin Act, other communities in the Niederbarnim district lost their independence by 1945:
- Berg near Zerpenschleuse , 1919 to Zerpenschleuse
- Bollensdorf , on April 1, 1929 in Neuenhagen near Berlin
- Boxhagen-Rummelsburg , on April 1, 1912, to the Lichtenberg district
- Kienitz near Zerpenschleuse , 1919 to Zerpenschleuse
- Klein Schönebeck , on April 1, 1939 in Schöneiche near Berlin
- Neu Weißensee , 1905 to Weißensee
- Tasdorf , on March 31, 1931 in Kalkberge
Name changes
- Dalldorf was renamed Wittenau on October 6, 1905 .
- Kalkberge was renamed Rüdersdorf near Berlin on July 21, 1934 .
- Petershagen (Ostbahn) was the earlier name of Petershagen near Berlin
- Werlsee was renamed Grünheide (Mark) on July 16, 1934 .
- The Berlin suburbs Friedrichsfelde, Heinersdorf, Hermsdorf, Hohenschönhausen, Lichtenberg, Niederschönhausen, Oberschöneweide, Pankow, Rosenthal, Reinickendorf and Treptow were given the suffix "Berlin-" in 1912. The French Buchholz community was renamed Berlin-Buchholz.
literature
- Contributions to the history of mining in the province of Brandenburg , Hermann Cramer, Halle 1872–1889, Volume 5, Reprint, (facsimile), ISBN 978-3-88372-004-3 , Potsdam 2011.
- Calendar for the Niederbarnim district , Wilhelm Möller, Oranienburg 1914–1942 (articles on history, on the country and its people, as well as current reports; digital copies ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Boundaries and Administrative Structure, p. 32 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 2 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1805, chap. Niederbarnim district, S. 142 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching: Earth description . tape 8 . Bohn, Hamburg 1791 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam . District division of the administrative district of Potsdam. tape 1816 , no. 12 . Potsdam, S. 103 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam . Entry into force of the new district division of the administrative district of Potsdam. tape 1817 , no. 7 . Potsdam, S. 51 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office: Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7
- ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Potsdam, p. 197 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 313 ( digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
- ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Niederbarnim district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ 1946 census