Berlin-Stralau

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coat of arms Aerial view
Stralau's coat of arms
Details 		Aerial view of the Stralau peninsula
Stralau peninsula
Basic data
State : Berlin
Administrative district : Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
Coordinates : 52 ° 30 ′  N , 13 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′  N , 13 ° 29 ′  E
Residents : 3000
Area : 1.12 km²
Height : 34  m above sea level NN
Postal code : 10245
Website: BA Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg

Stralau is a location in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain in the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district , which lies on a tongue of land between the Spree and Rummelsburger See . The name goes back to a village that originated here under the name Stralow and which became part of Greater Berlin in 1920 . The word is of Slavic origin and means something like arrow location , which is due to the shape of the peninsula.

history

Early to the 14th century

Archaeological finds such as a cylinder ax and a worked flint from the Stone Age identify the Stralau peninsula as one of the oldest settlement centers in today's Berlin area. Archaeologists could date further artifacts to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. Germanic and Wendish settlement is documented from later times . The altitude of the village and the Schwanenberg at the southern tip are of Ice Age origin and consist of alluvial sand and blown dunes. The name Stralow was mentioned as early as the 13th century . While it is unclear whether a knight Thidericus von Stralow mentioned in a document from 1240 (or 1244) is related to a place on the peninsula, it is assumed that the knight Rudolf von Ystralowe mentioned in 1261 is. Different years are mentioned as the first mention of the fishing village of Stralau: In 1288, Margrave Otto V redefined the border between Berlin and Rosenfelde with the Stralowsche Damm, which refers to the village of Stralow. On May 6, 1358, Stralow himself appeared for the first time in a document when the twin cities of Berlin - Cölln bought the fishing village and the Rummelsburger See from the knight Nicolaus Bartolpsdorf. The remains of a castle from the 13th / 14th centuries found in the ground also indicate a knight's possession. Century. Historians suspect the origins of the village at the point where the Alt Stralau 13-24 properties were located in the 21st century.

15th to 19th century

Stralau village church
Plan of the village of Stralow , 1775

The existence of the cemetery as a burial place for eleven fishing families is already recorded in 1412 . It is therefore conceivable that a simple wooden church already existed at that time. Craftsmen built in the years 1459 to 1464 on a base of fieldstone the village church Stralau . Their consecration took place on Bartholomew's Day on August 24, 1464. In 1539 the Reformation came to Stralau. In 1574, the Berliners established the tradition of the Stralau fish haulage . With the introduction of the freedom of trade in 1810, an inn opened in every fisherman's house. Nevertheless, only 76 inhabitants have survived from 1817. The church worked to ensure the religious building in the years 1823/1824, designed by architect Friedrich Wilhelm Langerhans a neo-Gothic west tower supplement in which this was zurückbauen a wooden predecessor. From the middle of the 18th century, the first Berliners built their summer houses on the peninsula, including the banker David Splitgerber . During this time, the inhabitants lived mainly from fishing, supplemented by a gastronomic offer. Stralau and the Rummelsburger Bucht are also considered the birthplace of sailing in Germany. The first "Society for the Promotion of Sporty Sailing" was brought into being here in the 1830s and numerous sailing clubs (BJC) were founded in the 1860s, which later moved to the Wannsee or the surrounding area . In 1835 one of the oldest sailing clubs in Germany was founded in the Alte Taverne pub with the tavern society. In 1842 the connection to Stralau on the land side was considerably improved by the construction of a road. Stralow existed as an administrative district from 1874 to 1893; to him belonged the rural community Stralow and the manor district Boxhagen-Rummelsburg . In 1879, Stralau was placed under the jurisdiction of Berlin. The official name of the place Stralau has been in effect since 1893 . In 1878 and 1879 the first director of the Märkisches Provinzialmuseum in Berlin, Ernst Friedel , carried out archaeological excavations on the southern tip of the peninsula, the Schwanenberg, together with the Stralau innkeeper Julius Tübbecke and the community leader Liebe. At that time, this was separated from the village of Stralau by a moat, the priest's ditch. They found numerous tools, shards, bones, antlers and horns. In addition to these artifacts, they also uncovered the remains of a pile foundation . They assumed that they belonged to a Slavic rampart that secured a ford at this point . This assumption was supported by urn finds that were found near the village church. In 1874 Stralau came under a joint administration with Rummelsburg and Boxhagen; the seat of the head of the office was Stralau.

Friedrichshain glass factory, 1969

In the course of the industrial revolution , Stralau also experienced an economic boom. The development was largely driven by the opening of the Stralau-Rummelsburg train station (in 2018: Berlin-Ostkreuz ) in 1882. In the north-western part of the peninsula numerous large industrial companies such as the Schaarschuhsche Brewery (from 1917: Engelhardt Brewery ), the Stralau glassworks and boatyards settled. There was also the Protzen carpet factory, the Berlin jute spinning and weaving mill, an asphalt factory, the Weidner mortar works, the Grauert machine factory and Wilhelm Deutsch's boatyard. He built row boats in the tunnel road. In 1883 the Rengert company set up a factory on the northeastern bank of the peninsula in which, with the help of carbon disulfide , palm oil was made from the fruits of the oil palm and other oil-containing seeds . In addition to a degreasing factory, two warehouses, a boiler house and an administration building, the plant consisted of a palm kernel oil storage facility in the neo-renaissance style . The Stralauer Glashütte had 46 company apartments built for their workers in the Alt-Stralau district . Under the direction of Heinrich Mittag , a total of three five-storey houses were built with outstanding furnishings at the time. They had a large kitchen, running water and steam heating. In the basement, Mittag had bathrooms and laundry rooms built for the workers; Create a garden with a playground behind the houses. The good housing situation led to a strong community of glass workers, who from 1890 organized themselves in the Central Association of Glass Workers in Germany , which from 1897 had its headquarters in Stralau. The Spree-Havel steam shipping company Stern was founded on the island in 1888, and a year later it took over a small shipping company in Dorfstraße. In 1891, the Fraternitas sailing club was one of the first clubs for workers. Its location on the water and at the gates of the city meant that Stralau became a popular destination for Berliners. At that time Stralau had 20 restaurants for excursions, in the 21st century there is not a single one. This was also due to the fact that the increasing industrialization polluted the waters and fishing was hardly worthwhile. At the end of the 19th century, due to the growing industry, so many families with children lived in Stralau that the municipal administration first paved the roads on the peninsula, built a community school (Alt-Stralau 34) in 1894 and a gymnasium a few years later. In 1885 craftsmen expanded the Dorfstrasse, which has been called Alt-Stralau since 1900. The streets were lit with gas from 1889. In 1894 the peninsula was connected to the water supply.

20th century

From 1900 the street lighting was electrified; Stralau received a connection to the sewer system. In 1905 the community acquired a building in Alt-Stralau 50/51 from the Richard gardener family and set up a town hall there. Before that, the municipal and administrative office was in the neighboring house 52/53. In 1909 Stralau received its first parish , which was occupied by Robert Zastrow. He stayed in the village until his death in 1932. A later erected war memorial on Tunnelstrasse commemorates the Stralau residents who were killed in World War I. In 1911 the Geppert brothers founded the Hansa shipyard , which moved to Tunnelstrasse 41/42 to Stralau in 1925. When Greater Berlin was formed in 1920, Stralau and parts of the Stralau district and the royal city ​​became the Friedrichshain district. The community school became the 41st elementary school in the 1930s. In 1931 the Stern- und Kreisschiffahrt emerged from the steam shipping company . From 1899 to 1951 a tram (then: Line 82) ran in Stralau, which led through one of Berlin's first underwater tunnels, the Spreetunnel Stralau , to Treptow until 1932 . The construction of the traffic tunnel was a test construction to tunnel under the river for the planned subway . In the Second World War , the tube was used as an air raid shelter and then flooded. The tunnel was not repaired and its entrances on both sides were filled in. The names Tunnelstrasse on the Stralau and Platz am Spreetunnel on the Treptower side as well as a tram depot on Stralau have been preserved. Large parts of the industrial facilities were damaged or destroyed in the course of the fighting. Of the original three reservoirs, only the palm kernel oil reservoir remained. The front of the three glassworkers' houses was also destroyed. In 1941, the DAF built a barracks camp for 530 forced laborers, mainly Dutch, on the Alt-Stralau 44/45 property. The site was previously used by Victoria Mills to store grain. The workers had to do forced labor in the mill, the brewery and the glassworks, but also in the village cemetery. Like the remaining Jews, they were not allowed to use the air raid shelter during the bombing raids. The north wall of the nave and the vault were also destroyed by bombs in February 1945 and rebuilt in 1949.

In 1951, a 220-meter-long wooden bridge, also known as the “millipede”, was opened for car traffic between Treptow and Stralau. It was built southeast of an existing pedestrian bridge and was intended to enable vehicle traffic between the southeast of East Berlin and the city center without having to cross the West Berlin district of Kreuzberg . A year later, a new building was built on the site of the former forced labor camp, which a department of the research institute for shipping, hydraulic engineering and foundation engineering moved into. This was closed in 1990.

The listed community school served as a transit home for youth welfare during the GDR era . There children and young people between the ages of 6 and 17 were accommodated who “did not correspond to the human image of the SED dictatorship, who violated laws or needed help”. Young people from the age of 14 were forced to work in the Berlin meat, confectionery or cosmetics factories; Escape attempts were punished with arrest in the approximately 4.5 m² holding cells. In 1964, craftsmen built the Karl Marx memorial site on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the GDR . After the new Elsen Bridge was completed in 1968, the old wooden structure - also known as the Stralau Bridge - was demolished in 1970 . In 1987 and 1988 VEB Klement Gottwald erected a loading crane on Caroline-Tübbecke-Ufer, which was used to build ocean-going ships.

After the political change , many of the businesses that shaped the front part of the peninsula closed. In the course of Berlin's application for the 2000 Summer Olympics , the Stralau peninsula was intended for the Olympic Village . An urban development company was founded, which planned a large number of new buildings and built them despite the failed application.

In the mid-1990s, the Rummelsburger Bucht development area was created between the district and the Senate Building Department , which included the Stralau peninsula but also the shoreline on Rummelsburger Landstrasse. The development area was planned to be car-free, which led to tax reductions in the construction costs. The car quota per inhabitant is now higher than the Berlin average. In 1996 and 1997 archaeologists found the remains of a courtyard during excavations on Tunnelstraße, which was probably built in the 13th / 14th centuries. Century existed.

21st century

In the course of the regional reform, Stralau became part of the new Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg administrative district with effect from January 1, 2001. Only a few remnants of the originally existing industrial buildings still exist, such as the administration building and a workshop of the Stralau glassworks , the residential villa and the remise of the former carpet factory M. Protzen und Sohn as well as the palm kernel oil store or the bottle tower .  The former port power plant (machine house) of the east port from 1913 is located directly on the street Alt Stralau 1. On October 29, 2017, a historical educational trail consisting of a total of twelve boards was opened to the public. The boards are accompanied by a permanent exhibition in the village church. The project goes back to an initiative of the chairman of the support association of the church, Uwe Nübel.

Historical folk festival Stralauer Fischzug

Stralau fishing expedition in 1932

The Stralau fish haul , a festival week celebrated every year from August 24th, Bartholomew's Day, through which Stralau should become famous, goes back to the year 1574. In an edict of February 22, 1574, Elector Johann Georg von Brandenburg decreed a ban on fishing from Easter to Bartholomew. So the fishing trip celebrated the fishing after the annual closed season. The statue of the Stralau fisherman in the fishing fountain at Treptow Town Hall , which the sculptor Reinhold Felderhoff created in 1916, reminds of the fishing trip . Since the festival degenerated into wild drinking bouts , fights and orgiastic hustle and bustle every year , it was banned by the head of the office on August 23, 1873. After a revival in 1923, it was again no longer allowed to take place a few years later. As part of the 700th anniversary celebrations in Berlin on August 15, 1937, a flower-decked float of the Straulau fishing procession also took part. After almost 65 years, to the delight of the long-time residents as well as other interested parties, on the initiative of the Stralau e. V. for the first time again this festival week. But because money is getting scarcer and sponsors are missing, this festival came to a standstill again in 1998.

Population development

The following information about the number of inhabitants of the peninsula has been handed down:

year 1817 1855 1886 1900 1910 2002 2008
Residents 0076 0143 0738 1682 4127 1853 3000

Attractions

Personalities

  • Louis Hugo Kracht (1865–1928), local politician, head of the district and community in Stralau, Alt-Stralau 23.
  • Karl Marx , lived in Stralau for a few months in 1837; the exact address has not yet been clarified (Alt-Stralau 18 or Alt-Stralau 25). In honor of the famous philosopher, the Karl Marx Memorial was inaugurated here in 1964 .
  • Franz Tübbecke (1856–1937), sculptor and master student of Reinhold Begas , atelier Markgrafendamm 14, on the outskirts of Stralau.
  • Julius Tübbecke (1824–1911), painter, fisherman and innkeeper (Wirtshaus Tübbecke) , Alt-Stralau 22. Is also buried in the local cemetery.
  • Theodor Fontane , Heinrich Zille , Adolf Glaßbrenner and Karl May set Stralau a literary or graphic monument in their works. For example, Zille wrote about the Tübbecke inn in his work The Hooded Crow. Stralau appears in Fontane's works Irrungen, Wirrungen , L'Adultera and Der Stechlin .

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Stralau  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Berlin-Stralau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Peninsula Stralau , Visit Berlin website, accessed on January 21, 2018.
  • Stralau , website of the Association for the History of Berlin, accessed on January 21, 2018.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information board : Historical educational trail around the Stralau peninsula - local history , north of the Schwanenberg, January 2018
  2. ↑ a b Stralau , website of the Association for the History of Berlin, accessed on January 21, 2018.
  3. ^ Chronicle of Stralau. In: Stralau.de. Berlin-Brandenburger Bildungswerk e. V., September 30, 2004, accessed April 20, 2009 .
  4. ↑ The 12 districts of Berlin. (PDF) Statistisches Landesamt Berlin, December 5, 2000, p. 8 , archived from the original on December 29, 2009 ; Retrieved April 20, 2009 .
  5. ↑ Ground monument, remains of a castle complex
  6. ^ History of the Stralau village church , website of the Stralau village church, accessed on January 21, 2018.
  7. ↑ a b Information board: The restaurants on Stralau , Alt-Stralau 22 January 2018
  8. ↑ a b c d e Uta Herrmann: Fischzug, Liebesinsel and Wasserblick. Construction noise at the Rummelsburger Bucht. In: Neues Deutschland , July 24, 1998
  9. ↑ a b Information board : The Schwanenberg , on the southern tip of Stralau, January 2018
  10. ↑ Information board : Historical educational trail around the Stralau peninsula - palm kernel oil storage , north of the Schwanenberg, January 2018
  11. ↑ Information board : Die Hüttenhäuser , Alt-Stralau 46, January 2018
  12. ↑ a b Information board : Shipyard crane industrial monument , southwest of the crane, January 2018
  13. ↑ Architectural monument community school
  14. ↑ The gymnasium monument from 11928, Alt-Stralau 34
  15. ↑ Information board : The town hall , at the former location of the building, January 2018
  16. ↑ Stralau war memorial in the Berlin monument list
  17. ↑ Information board : Forced labor in World War II , at the Alt-Stralau 44/45 location, January 2018
  18. ↑ Stefan Strauss: Hunger and Violence. In: Berliner Zeitung , 7./8. September 2013, page 17
  19. ↑ Memorial plaque: In memory of all young people who suffered damage to body and soul here , on the building, January 2018.
  20. ^ Rummelsburger Bucht development area ( Memento from May 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Treasure Island . In: Berliner Zeitung , September 5, 2001; Development of Stralau at the beginning of the 21st century
  22. ↑ Architectural monument administration building of the Alt-Stralau glassworks 63-67 ,Architectural monument workshop building of the glassworks
  23. ↑ Monument Villa and Remise Carpet Factory
  24. ↑ Architectural monument east port building
  25. ↑ Homepage about Stralau; Retrieved March 24, 2010
  26. ^ Homepage of the Berlin History Association, accessed on March 24, 2010
  27. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
  28. ^ Youth meeting place and caretaker's apartment ( Memento from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  29. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
  30. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
  31. ^ History of the Thalia Elementary School ( Memento from November 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
  33. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
  34. ↑ Stralau ( Memento from January 23, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), website of the NABU Landesverband Berlin, accessed on January 21, 2018.
  35. ↑ Cultural Monument Karl Marx Memorial Alt-Stralau 18
  36. ^ Association for the History of Berlin, accessed March 24, 2010
  37. ↑ Karl May: The legacy of the Inka . Project Gutenberg-DE