Stralau suburb

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Historic districts in Berlin-Mitte as they last existed in 1920. The limits varied over time. (The districts VI to X and XIX to XXI as well as large parts of the districts V, XI, XIII, XIV, XVI and XVII are outside the district of Mitte)

I Alt-Berlin II Alt-Kölln (Spreeinsel) III Friedrichswerder IV Dorotheenstadt V Friedrichstadt XI Luisenstadt XII Neu-Kölln XIII Stralauer Vorstadt XIV Royal Town XV Spandauer Vorstadt XVI Rosenthaler Vorstadt XVII Oranienburger Vorstadt XVIII Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt Sources: Contents: Berlin address book, map base: District Office Mitte von Berlin0000
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The "Stralauer Vierthel", 1789, inside the customs wall
The Stralau suburb at the time of the German Empire

The Stralauer Vorstadt (also: Stralauer Viertel ) is a historic district that is now partly in the Berlin district of Mitte and extends beyond the district border into the district of Friedrichshain .

geography

The Stralau suburb in its greatest extent was bordered in the west by Alt-Berlin , in the north by the royal city , in the east by the Ringbahn or the border to Boxhagen and in the south by the Spree .

With the Luisenstadt it is over the Spree by the Jannowitzbruecke , the Michael bridge , the Schilling bridge and the upper bridge tree connected. Another Spree crossing existed until 1945 with the Brommybrücke . There are reconstruction plans for the bridge that was destroyed in World War II.

To the southeast is the Stralau location , which goes back to a former village of the same name.

history

Explanation of the name

The Stralauer Vorstadt was the suburb in front of the Stralauer Tor and was therefore called Stralauer Vorstadt. But there was also the name Stralauer Viertel. Today the use of these names has largely disappeared from common parlance; only one statistical district in the Mitte district still bears this name.

17.-21. century

The Stralauer Vorstadt emerged at the end of the 17th century in front of the Stralauer Tor of the Berlin fortress wall . It was included in the Berlin urban area with the construction of the Berlin customs wall in the 18th century and has been called the Stralau district since then. The tariff wall initially ran along the current Friedenstraße - Marchlewskistraße - Warschauer Straße to Oberbaum on the Spree . In the 19th century, other areas outside the customs wall were incorporated into Berlin, so that the Stralau suburb finally expanded eastwards to the Berlin Ringbahn . Only the parts of Boxhagen and Friedrichsberg located within the Ringbahn were not incorporated into Berlin until 1920.

In the 19th century, the Stralauer Vorstadt developed into an industrial and working-class district with dense tenement buildings. When Greater Berlin was formed in 1920, the Stralauer Vorstadt was largely absorbed into the new Friedrichshain district . The area west of today's Lichtenberger Strasse became part of the Mitte district. During the Second World War, large parts of the Stralau suburb were destroyed across the board. During the reconstruction, the entire old street grid west of Koppenstrasse was built over and redesigned.

Population development

The population of the Stralauer Viertel (the official name of the Stralauer Vorstadt in the 19th century) rose from 80,391 in 1867 to a high of 302,208 in 1910.

economy

The central cattle and slaughterhouse was opened on the Ringbahn in 1881 on an area incorporated in 1878 . In 1991 operations were stopped.

Infrastructure

railroad

In 1842, the Silesian train station was opened as a terminus station and converted into a through station in 1882 . Its current name is Ostbahnhof .

At Küstriner Platz, today's Franz-Mehring-Platz, the Prussian Ostbahn had another terminus station built in 1867 , the former Ostbahnhof . It was closed to passenger traffic in 1882 and converted into the Variety Theater Plaza in 1929 . The building was destroyed in the Second World War.

Public transportation

With the opening of the Stadtbahn in 1882, the Stralau suburb had a connection to the city's rapid transit network, which grew steadily from then on. The tram viaduct, partly laid out on the former moat, forms the border between the Stralauer Vorstadt and old Berlin between Alexanderplatz and Jannowitzbrücke .

In 1902, the elevated and subway line to Knie station (today: Ernst-Reuter Platz ) was added to what is now Warschauer Strasse station . The Stralauer Tor station , renamed Osthafen in 1924 , was destroyed in the Second World War and not rebuilt.

Ports

The Osthafen was opened in 1913 between Stralauer Allee and the Spree . It was the largest inland port in the city until the West Harbor was built . Port operations ceased in 2005.

Culture and sights

Significant buildings

The new development on Karl-Marx-Allee from the beginning of the 1950s with large, now listed residential buildings in the style of Socialist Classicism between Frankfurter Tor and Strausberger Platz is particularly striking .

Places

Churches

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Leyden: Greater Berlin. Geography of the cosmopolitan city . Hirt, Breslau 1933 (therein: Development of the population in the historic districts of Old Berlin , p. 206)

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 3.7 "  N , 13 ° 25 ′ 46.5"  E