Friedrich Wilhelm City
I Alt-Berlin II Alt-Kölln (Spreeinsel) III Friedrichswerder IV Dorotheenstadt V Friedrichstadt XI Luisenstadt XII Neu-Kölln XIII Stralauer Vorstadt XIV Royal Town XV Spandauer Vorstadt XVI Rosenthaler Vorstadt XVII Oranienburger Vorstadt XVIII Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt Sources: Contents: Berlin address book, map base: District Office Mitte von Berlin
The Friedrich-Wilhelm-city is a historic district in present-day Berlin district of Mitte . He was named after the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. named.
geography
The Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt is bounded by the course of the old customs wall along Hannoversche Strasse and the Oranienburger Vorstadt in the north, by Friedrichstrasse and the Spandauer Vorstadt in the east, by the Spree in the south and by the Humboldthafen in the west.
The district is connected to Dorotheenstadt via the Weidendammer Bridge and the Marschall Bridge. The Kronprinzenbrücke , Hugo-Preuß-Brücke and Sandkrugbrücke connect the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt with the neighboring districts to the west.
history
Explanation of the name
In 1828 the area west of Friedrichstrasse was separated from the Spandauer Vorstadt and since then has been a separate Berlin district with the official name Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt. The somewhat pompous name for the rather small quarter refers to the historical models Friedrichswerder , Dorotheenstadt, Friedrichstadt and Königsstadt. The quarter was founded in 1823 by Schumann after the reigning Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. named with his permission.
18th century to 19th century
Since 1737, the area of Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt belonged to the Berlin city area - enclosed by the customs wall - and was originally part of the Spandau suburb . In the far north-west of this area there was one from King Friedrich since 1710 . I. built plague house from which the Charité arose. Further to the south were the park of the banker Ephraim am Unterbaum and various garden and farm areas, storage facilities for building materials and fallow areas of the former shipbuilding sites on the Spree. The street name Schiffbauerdamm indicates that there were numerous shipbuilding companies here in the 18th century.
In 1820 the property speculator bought Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Schumann the Ephraim'schen Park and the adjacent properties; this was followed by the subdivision of the site and the construction of the streets. Schumann (1780-1835) was the illegitimate son of a baker's journeyman and soap maker . In the Wars of Liberation in 1813, he laid the foundation for a considerable fortune by delivering food to the Prussian army. He then ran a country carriage route between Berlin and Potsdam and an inn with the profit. In 1832 he founded a porcelain factory in Alt-Moabit 104/105. Schumann's son, Adolph, continued the business. He inherited the porcelain factory, which later became the Bolle dairy in the parts of the building . In 1834 he bought the brewery on the corner of Strom and Turmstrasse .
The development of the areas bought by Schumann began in 1826 - predominantly with houses for the better circles, as they already lived in Dorotheenstadt and on Friedrichstrasse.
The streets were named after living princes and princesses of the royal family in 1827: Albrechtstraße , Karlplatz (today: Reinhardtstraße ), Luisenstraße , Luisenplatz (today: Robert-Koch-Platz ) and Marienstraße .
The project developer named Schumannstrasse after himself and initially lived here in house number 19. It was not only the patriotic naming that gave the real estate marketer Schumann excellent contacts to high Prussian government offices. The rumor among contemporaries that the conspicuously benevolent sponsorship of the project was connected with personal enrichment never fell silent. The construction of the Marschall Bridge initiated by Schumann at state expense in 1821 aroused particular suspicion, which considerably increased the value of the land he had already bought. However, at the time of the Restoration there were no committees of inquiry . Since the king probably never found out about the matter, the details were not clarified.
The area was considered remote. It could only be reached by horse or carriage via Friedrichstrasse. In the direction of the street Unter den Linden there was only a wooden walkway for pedestrians, on which banker Ephraim had reached his park. With the Marschallbrücke a connection was established from the southern bank of the Spree to Luisenstrasse. In 1836, Luisenstrasse was given direct access to Invalidenstrasse with the New Gate in the customs wall, and thus a better connection to the Oranienburger suburb .
Since the 20th century
Uniform redevelopment of the entire Charité site began in 1897 and was completed in 1917.
In 1920, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt became part of the newly formed Mitte district . Despite severe damage during the Second World War , its urban layout and, to a large extent, its buildings have remained unchanged to this day. Since 1996 the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt has been protected by an urban planning conservation ordinance.
Population development
In 1890 the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt had 20,643 inhabitants.
politics
Federal government
The state representation of Saxony-Anhalt is located in the Palais Bülow at Luisenstraße 18 .
education
university
The Charité is not only a hospital, but also a research and educational institution of the Humboldt University Berlin . Today it comprises the area north of Schumannstrasse, west of Luisenstrasse to the Stadtbahn and south of Invalidenstrasse, characterized by characteristic buildings with red and yellow-brown brick facades and large segmented arched windows from the period from 1896 to 1917. But also the site of the former veterinary school , Luisenstrasse 56 belongs to the campus. The Anatomical Theater , built from 1787 to 1790, is located there .
Culture and sights
theatre
In Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt there are and were a large number of venues for theater and revue.
The German Theater at Schumannstrasse 12/13 was built in 1850 and was called Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater until 1883 . In 1905 Max Reinhardt took over and turned it into a theater whose reputation extended beyond the borders of Berlin. It has remained so to this day under changing directors.
At Schiffbauerdamm 4a there is the Berliner Ensemble , which opened as the Neues Theater in 1892, was also a stage for Max Reinhardt and, from 1954, the house of Helene Weigel and Bertolt Brecht .
Charité viewed from the Humboldthafen
Significant buildings
Buildings no longer in existence
At Luisenstrasse 22-24 there was the Tattersall , a neo-baroque brick building for carriages and horses. The property extended to the Schiffbauerdamm . Most of the buildings were destroyed in World War II. The portal on Luisenstrasse only disappeared in 1997 with the construction of the federal buildings.
The Friedrichstadtpalast Am Zirkus 1 was legendary . The address indicates that the house had a history as a circus. But this also converted an existing building - the market hall building by Friedrich Hitzig from 1867. Due to construction defects, the house had to be closed in 1980. The demolition took place until 1985. Today there is a multi-purpose building with 87 apartments, a hotel with 311 rooms and commercial space on the traditional site.
Listed buildings
Modern buildings
Charité bed tower
Web links
Street name dictionary of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein:
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Leyden: Greater Berlin. Geography of the cosmopolitan city. Hirt, Breslau 1933 (therein: Development of the population in the historic districts of Old Berlin. P. 206).
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '27 " N , 13 ° 22' 49" E