Schiffbauerdamm
| Schiffbauerdamm | |
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| View over the Spree between the Weidendammer Bridge and the railway bridge. On the far left is the “ Permanent Representation ” restaurant . At the edge of the picture on the right the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm , venue of the Berliner Ensemble . | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | in the 17th century |
| Hist. Names |
Treckschuyten-Damm (late 17th century to early 18th century) , Dammstrasse (early 18th century to 1738) |
| Connecting roads | Kapelleufer (west) |
| Cross streets | Reinhardstrasse, Luisenstrasse, Albrechtstrasse, Bertolt-Brecht-Platz, Am Zirkus, Friedrichstrasse |
| Buildings | Development |
| use | |
| User groups | Road traffic |
| Road design | changed several times |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 900 meters |
The Schiffbauerdamm is the street on the right bank of the Spree in the Berlin district of Mitte between Weidendammer Bridge and Reinhardtstrasse (interrupted by the new government buildings). The name refers to the shipbuilding companies that used to be based there .
Urban development
Since the 16th century, a ring of poor, irregularly built suburbs developed around the cities of Berlin and Cölln . The Great Elector's shipbuilding plans , which were closely related to the work of the Dutchman Benjamin Raule , who was in the service of Brandenburg and the accelerated development of the Brandenburg Navy , had an impact on urban development . In 1680, Dutch experts, including Michael Mathias Smids , built a shipyard (shipbuilding yard ) in the northern Dorotheenstadt near the bank of today's Reichstag , in which warships were also launched. Frederick I wanted between its castles by boat towed are held by carriage along dusty, sandy roads to "rumble". The royal gondola was already running across the Spree from the city palace to Monbijou , Lietzenburg and Ruhleben . In 1704, Johann Friedrich Eosander (1669–1729) was commissioned to create a two-kilometer-long trench from the Spree to the Panke (connection to Schönhausen Palace ), which ends at Schiffbauerdamm.
However, King Friedrich Wilhelm I could not make friends with his grandfather and father's striving for sea power. He ended the associated activities and assigned the Berlin shipbuilding company to a new location on the right bank of the Spree between the Weidendammer bridge and the sub-tree . He had the riverside road there raised and designed as a dam that was used to tow barges . After two shipbuilders had settled here, the street on the dam was named Schiffbauerdamm in 1738.
The other commercial areas, such as gardening and storage areas, remained at the old location. A large park owned by the banker Veitel Heine Ephraim reached from the lower tree to over the Panke which flows here .
Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt was laid out in 1828 between the Spree in the south and the New Gate and Oranienburger Tor in the north . The area was separated from the Spandau suburb and systematically developed.
Development
Historicism and early modernism
Only the name remains of the former shipbuilding area. As early as 1882, Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon was criticized for the fact that only the Schiffbauerdamm and the Kronprinzenufer had riverside streets with handsome buildings, while the banks of the Spree up to the Waisenbrücke mostly only had back houses, warehouses, sheds and wood yards. In addition to the residential buildings, which are generally referred to here as handsome buildings, some architectural “highlights” were added later. In the meantime, larger factories had also settled on this road, such as R. Wolf's machine and boiler factory , which produced locomotives and benefited from the good transport options by water.
Other interesting buildings in the years 1891/1892 by the architect belongs Heinrich Seeling realized neo-baroque building of the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm , originally New Theater said. The complex has been rebuilt several times and now houses the Berliner Ensemble . It is a listed building . Finally, the Great Playhouse, which was built in an expressionist style in 1918/1919 between Schiffbauerdamm and Reinhardtstrasse, should also be mentioned. The revue and comedy theater , which quickly became popular and renamed Friedrichstadtpalast in 1947 , was created through the conversion and expansion of a former market hall. In 1988 the house was demolished due to massive stability problems; as a replacement, the New Friedrichstadtpalast was built on Friedrichstrasse in 1984 .
In 1890, the fourth power plant of the Berliner Elektricitäts-Werke (BEW) with an installed capacity of 840 kW went online at Schiffbauerdamm 22 . In addition, an office building was built on Luisenstrasse and an administration building on Schiffbauerdamm, into which the AEG / BEW administrations moved. The first canteen was set up for the workforce. From 1898 an electric elevated railway prototype operated on the site for a few years. The test route connected the front houses on Schiffbauerdamm and Luisenstrasse.
From summer 1945 until the fall of the Wall
During the Second World War, the larger buildings on this street were badly damaged, which were then cleared , creating open spaces or building gaps. The square in front of the Berliner Ensemble was created in this way. The surviving residential buildings were restored and commercial facilities and restaurants were established on the ground floor. Ganymed, known to Berliners as a wine restaurant, resided alongside the Berliner Ensemble .
The street since 1990
In 1990, Ben Wagin set up the Parliament of Trees Memorial on the former death strip , which is the westernmost section of the Schiffbauerdamm.
New Berlin is represented on Schiffbauerdamm by the Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus . It was inaugurated in 2003 as the third new parliament building on the Spree . The building on the Spreebogen houses the “Scientific Service Center of the German Bundestag” in the western rotunda . Together with the Federal Chancellery and the Paul-Löbe-Haus, it forms a band of the federal arrangement of buildings.
In December 1998 the federal government acquired the site of the former central station IV of the Berliner Elektricitäts-Werke with three preserved historical buildings that are under monument protection . The office building on Luisenstrasse has been used by the administration of the German Bundestag ever since. The boiler house and the machine hall of the power plant were rented long-term to the TV broadcaster RTL and the Reuters news agency . The following year, the Berlin architect Jürgen Klemm converted it into the Schiffbauerdamm news center . Until September 2015, RTL's capital city studio and Reuters' Berlin editorial office were located there. With its move from Berlin to Cologne in 2004, the news channel n-tv also produced its capital city programs in the complex. RTL / n-tv has moved the capital city studio to Behrenstrasse .
The Federal Press Conference building, which was completed in 2000, is on the corner of Reinhardtstrasse . The building is a typical Berlin block with a facade designed as a staccato grid, from which only the conference hall protrudes.
In a corner building on Albrechtstrasse, in connection with the government's decision to move from Bonn to Berlin ( Bonn-Berlin Law ), the privately run Permanent Representation established itself in 1997 , a well-frequented restaurant that mainly offers food and drinks from Cologne and Bonn . It was created through the renovation and expansion of the Wein ABC specialty restaurant, which was located here in the GDR era .
In the 21st century, an investor built a modern residential and commercial building at the former location of the Friedrichstadtpalast at the corner of the Am Zirkus for 100 million euros.
The house at Schiffbauerdamm 29, on which the Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-House stands today, was cleared in February 1941 for the plans of the Nazi architect Albert Speer for the construction of the “ World Capital Germania ”. Around 100 Jewish tenants were evicted from their apartments. To commemorate this campaign, Gunter Demnig laid ten stumbling blocks on June 9, 2015 . The laying of the memorial stone was financed by taking on sponsorships from members of all parliamentary groups .
literature
- Institute for Monument Preservation (Ed.): The architectural and art monuments in the GDR, capital Berlin I. Henschel Verlag, Berlin 1984, pp. 325–327.
- Markus Sebastian Braun (Ed.): Berlin - The Architecture Guide. Econ Ullstein List, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-88679-355-9 , p. 286.
Web links
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Schiffbauerdamm. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Treckschuyten Dam . In: Luise.
- Dam road . In: Luise.
- Suburbs . Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein , urban development presentation
- Berlin lifelines (3). A ABC of bars from Schiffbauerdamm . In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 30, 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Friedhelm Feldhaus (Red.): Capital City Studio RTL in the news center Schiffbauerdamm . ( Memento from May 3, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) SUSA-Verlag, Hameln 2000.
- ^ N-tv: move to Cologne sealed. In: manager magazin , March 18, 2004.
- ↑ RTL opens new capital city studio
- ↑ Homepage Permanent Representation ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Glass palace with restaurants, offices and apartments on Schiffbauerdamm . In: Die Welt , January 30, 2003
- ↑ Stumbling blocks are to be laid in front of the Bundestag building faz.net, June 2, 2015.
- ↑ Ten stumbling blocks before the Bundestag. In: Berliner Zeitung , June 9, 2015, p. 15.
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '12 " N , 13 ° 22' 57" E