New Gate (Berlin)
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '42 .2 " N , 13 ° 22' 42.7" E
The New Gate was an additional passage created in 1836 on the Berlin side of the Berlin customs wall built under Friedrich Wilhelm I from 1732 .
history
The erection of the excise wall ( Akzise ) meant the largest urban expansion of old Berlin: The ramparts were removed to create a better connection between the inner city and the new and suburbs. The city walls encircled on the Berlin side the northwest of the city's old town, in 1828 by the Spandau suburb separated Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt . In the course of the systematic structural development of the area, a direct connection to Invalidenstrasse and thus a better connection to the northwest was created in 1835 with the additional New Gate . In 1836 the two gatehouses with their three-arched vestibules, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , were completed.
From 1787 on, the excise wall, which initially consisted of palisades , was replaced on the Berlin side by a massive stone wall that was partially straightened to better round off the area. In the 1860s the demolition of the city wall began, which dragged on into the 1880s and did not stop at the gates, which were attractive in terms of urban planning. Of the ten gates of the northern wall ring, only the New Gate remained after the demolition.
The New Gate was destroyed in the Second World War and demolished immediately after the war. The “square in front of the New Gate” ( map ) was retained in the cityscape .
Between 1993 and 1998, two new cubic gatehouses made of red brick were built according to plans by Josef Paul Kleihues .
literature
- Friedrich FA Kuntze: The old Berlin . Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin and Leipzig 1937, p. 20.
- Heinz Ohff and Rainer Höynck (eds.): The Berlin book . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-87776-231-X , p. 80.
- Bodo Harenberg (Ed.): The Chronicle of Berlin . Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-88379-082-6 , p. 115.
- Herbert Schwenk: Lexicon of Berlin Urban Development ; Haude & Spenersche Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-7759-0472-7 , p. 106.