Royal city

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Königsstadt (also Königsviertel , Königsvorstadt , Georgenvorstadt ) is a historic district that is partly in the Berlin district of Mitte and extends beyond the district border into the districts of Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain . The name royal city was introduced in 1873.

geography

The royal city in the northeast of historic Berlin (map from 1789)
The royal city 1831–1920
Built-up part of the royal city, 1875
The old Georgenkirche in Georgenvorstadt / Königsstadt

The Königstadt borders on the Spandauer and Rosenthaler Vorstadt in the west along the former Prenzlauer Straße and Prenzlauer Allee . The northern border is the Ringbahn . In the east, the royal city borders the Stralauer Vorstadt along Landsberger Allee , the former Landsberger Strasse, Kurzen Strasse and along the southern edge of the police headquarters . In the south, the Stadtbahn forms the short border between old Berlin and the royal city.

history

Explanation of the name

Accordingly, the suburb in front of the Georgentor was initially called Georgenvorstadt. The terms royal city and royal gate became common after the first Prussian king Friedrich I moved into his residence after his coronation in Königsberg in 1701 through suburb and this gate. The name had been officially established since 1873.

The name Königsstadt (also: Königstadt ) have the following buildings and facilities in their name:

  • Commercial yard of the former Königsstadt brewery in Saarbrücker Straße,
  • the clinkered office building on Königstadt-Terrassen on Schönhauser Allee by architects Thomas Müller and Ivan Reimann,
  • the Königstadt-Carrée , which was built on Otto-Braun-Strasse and the corner of Mollstrasse,
  • the Königstadt youth center in Saarbrücker Strasse.

17th-19th century

The royal city was built in front of the old Königstor (until 1701: Georgentor ; even earlier: Oderberger Tor ), the medieval Berlin city wall and the Memhardt fortress from the middle of the 17th century. She was originally called George suburb known and had been around the location where, in 1272, first documented George Hospital formed. This smallest of the three northern suburbs of medieval Berlin was located southeast of the Spandau suburb and northwest of the Stralauer suburb .

The border to Stralauer Vorstadt ran around 1800 along Contrescarpe (Alexanderstraße), Sandgasse (Jacobystraße), Kurzen Straße (it no longer exists), Baumgasse (later: Elisabethstraße , no longer exists) to the former location of the palisade reinforcement (now: Palisadenstraße ) . The border in the west to the Spandauer Vorstadt stretched along Prenzlauer Straße to the Prenzlauer Tor of the Berlin customs wall (at the level of Torstraße and Mollstraße ). In the northeast, the royal city initially extended to the Bernauer Tor (later: New Königstor , since 1910: Platz am Königstor) of the customs wall. The Berlin customs wall mostly led around the soft area in such a way that the cemeteries remained outside in accordance with the Prussian land law (ALR II 11 § 184), here it was on the south and east of the burial place of the Marienkloster and Nikolaigemeinde .

The fan-shaped street pattern of the royal city was determined by the long-distance trade routes that led to Prenzlau ( Prenzlauer Strasse and Prenzlauer Allee ) and Altlandsberg ( Landsberger Strasse , the no longer existing western extension of Landsberger Allee ). Between the two lay the road to Bernau ( Bernauer Strasse , later: Neue Königsstrasse , today Bernhard-Weiß-Strasse and Otto-Braun-Strasse , continued on Greifswalder Strasse ). All three arterial roads began on the square in front of the Königstor , the former Ochsenmarkt and, since 1805: Alexanderplatz .

In 1831 large upstream areas beyond the customs wall were incorporated into Berlin. The royal city has since extended to the new Berlin city limits to Weißensee and Wilhelmsberg near Hohenschönhausen . On this area expansion, the first municipal park in Berlin, the Volkspark Friedrichshain , the Bötzowviertel and the Winsviertel were created .

In 1848 the victims of the March Revolution were buried in the cemetery of the March fallen . In 1874, the Am Friedrichshain Municipal Hospital, Berlin's first municipal hospital, opened on the edge of the Friedrichshain Park .

Since the 20th century

Historic districts in Berlin-Mitte as they last existed in 1920. The limits varied over time. (The districts VI to X and XIX to XXI as well as large parts of the districts V, XI, XIII, XIV, XVI and XVII are outside the district of Mitte)

I Alt-Berlin II Alt-Kölln (Spreeinsel) III Friedrichswerder IV Dorotheenstadt V Friedrichstadt XI Luisenstadt XII Neu-Kölln XIII Stralauer Vorstadt XIV Royal Town XV Spandauer Vorstadt XVI Rosenthaler Vorstadt XVII Oranienburger Vorstadt XVIII Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt Sources: Contents: Berlin address book, map base: District Office Mitte von Berlin0000
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The Volkspark Friedrichshain received a monumental fountain in 1913, the fairy tale fountain by Ludwig Hoffmann.

When Greater Berlin was formed in 1920, most of the royal city became part of the Prenzlauer Berg district . The area between Alexanderplatz and Mollstrasse (then on Linienstraße) became part of the Mitte district , while Volkspark Friedrichshain and the district around Petersburger Strasse were assigned to the Friedrichshain district .

The royal city suffered severe damage in World War II . The ruins of the Georgenkirche were blown up in 1949. Due to the partly new layout of the streets and the heavy development with modern architecture that does not follow the traditional Berlin block structures, the former urban unit of the historical core of the royal city northeast of Alexanderplatz can no longer be recognized. The term royal city and royal quarter disappeared from common parlance for many years, only a few historical buildings kept it in their name. With the completion of a new high-rise complex on the corner of Moll- and Otto-Braun-Straße at the end of 2010, the historical name was transferred to this corner, which is now called Königstadt-Carrée .

population

The population of the Königsviertel district (the official name of the royal city since 1873) rose from 41,713 in 1867 to 197,518 in 1910.

Royal City Brewery

Although not located in the royal city, the former Königstadt brewery bears this name. The large area of ​​the old brewery houses a cooperative with small-scale commercial facilities. The buildings are under monument protection.

science and education

In 1913/1914 the Königstädtische Lyzeum in Greifswalder Straße 25 received a new building based on plans by Ludwig Hoffmann. Today the building is used by the Kurt Schwitters School, an integrated secondary school with an upper level.

Culture and sights

literature

  • Friedrich Nicolai, Karlheinz Gerlach (ed.): Description of the royal residence city Berlin , including the royal suburb, otherwise also royal city . P. 75 ff., Verlag Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-379-00195-3 .
  • Jan Feustel : Walks in Friedrichshain. Haude and Spener, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-7759-0357-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. Königs (vor) stadt 1738 ( BERLIN the most magnificent and powerful main town . Reprint Matth. Seutter, Augsp.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ), 1760 ( Abriß der Königlichen Residentz = Stadt BERLIN . Reprint Johann David Schleuen the Elder  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to instructions and then remove this note. ) and around 1789 ( royal city on the map from 1789  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note . ), 1738 and 1760 south-facing maps.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  
  2. see Berlin-Mitte around 1921 on Pharus Plan Berlin (large edition with suburbs). Pharus Verlag GmbH, Berlin SW 68, Linden-Strasse 3  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  
  3. ^ Friedrich Leyden: Greater Berlin. Geography of the cosmopolitan city . Hirt, Breslau 1933 (therein: Development of the population in the historic districts of Old Berlin , p. 206)
  4. ^ Martin Albrecht / Stefan Klinkenberg: The Königstadt brewery. Industrial history in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2010 ISBN 978-3-86153-605-5
  5. Monument complex of the Königstadt brewery, Saarbrücker Straße 20/21, 23/24; 1885–1906 by A. Rohmer, Alterthum & Zadek Schönhauser Allee 12 / Straßburger Straße
  6. Monuments Greifswalder Straße 25, Königstädtisches Lyceum with teachers' house, gym building and courtyard wall, by Ludwig Hoffmann

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '  N , 13 ° 25'  E