Entry and exit road
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A Arterial Road is a traffic route as a road or highway , which between outskirts of a city and the City consists and a substantial portion of individual traffic wears between the center and the suburbs. Due to the heavy traffic , many of these roads are well developed. They often represent a dominant feature of urban planning.
History and etymology
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Strasse des 17. Juni with Tiergarten : historic outskirts of Berlin
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Leopoldstrasse with Siegestor
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From case roads were at least since the Middle Ages specially designed outbreak way of a fortress or a city that in case of a siege a surprise attack directly (see: in opposing rows into failure ) should allow an escape or, where applicable. Accordingly, exit gates in city walls or castles formed the beginning of exit roads.
If they follow historically given courses, they sometimes form lines of sight to prominent urban bodies (historic old towns, castles ). Well-known examples of this are the Strasse des 17. Juni with the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin , Leopoldstrasse with the Siegestor in Munich , the Avenue des Champs-Élysées with the Palais du Louvre in Paris or The Mall in London with the Buckingham Palace .
These streets are no longer arterial roads in the current sense, but have long been inner-city boulevards or avenues . Outside, however, you can take arterial roads, such as Leopoldstrasse or the continuations of Strasse des 17. Juni (east-west axis) or Champs-Élysées.
present
In the outskirts of the city, the arterial roads in the current sense often characterize not particularly inviting entrance areas of a city, which from the point of view of a visitor tend to make an unattractive and neglected impression and may completely hide the fact that the city center is actually very attractive.
features
In addition to the volume of traffic , today's arterial roads often show an axis that has been neglected in urban planning and as a result disordered. Furthermore, large-scale specialist markets , fast food , partly vacant commercial complexes , but also residential buildings, natural areas, high-voltage lines and gravel pits .
A typical feature are large petrol stations, some of which are almost directly behind each other and often in connection with car dealerships . Which is why some arterial roads are also referred to as car miles , such as Hanauer Landstrasse in Frankfurt am Main .
description
The entry and exit roads take on the function of a connection to the surrounding area and to the connection to the motorways on the outskirts and other infrastructure facilities such as residential and commercial areas . Due to the often strong focus on the inward and outward streets - especially if there is only one street in a certain direction - these are often heavily used, especially in rush hour traffic.
In large cities, the entry and exit roads form a network that radiates out from the center and can be connected by several ring roads around the center. Because of their often supra-regional importance, they are declared as main roads , occasionally as motorways or are developed as motorway-like roads . There are also inward and outward streets that only connect a sub-center of a city with the outskirts and do not extend to the outskirts, so the supra-regional character is less pronounced and is only determined by the connection to other streets. In large metropolitan areas with several centers, in Germany for example Berlin, the Ruhr area or the Rhine-Main area , the inward and outward streets connect the centers so that an arterial road from one city or a center is at the same time the entrance road to another city and vice versa.
Inward and outward roads play an essential role in suburbanization and, like other infrastructure facilities such as railways, are a location factor . There is more residential and commercial space around large roads and railway lines than around poorly connected areas with similar natural conditions.
literature
- Yasemin Utku , Annette Spielmeyer: IfR student competition: Develop inventory! - Ideas for Kassel-Bettenhausen along Leipziger Strasse . In: RaumPlanung 108/109, 2003, ISSN 0176-7534 , pp. 107-114.
