Marshal Bridge
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '9 " N , 13 ° 22' 49" E
| Marshal Bridge | ||
|---|---|---|
 in the background the ARD capital studio |
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| use | Road traffic | |
| Convicted | Wilhelmstrasse | |
| Crossing of | Spree | |
| place | Berlin center | |
| construction | 5 constructive individual bridges, optically combined into a two-field structure | |
| overall length | 57.0 m | |
| width | 19.0 m | |
| Longest span | 39.0 m | |
| Construction height | 1.13 m | |
| Clear height | 4.5 m | |
| vehicles per day | 260 trucks 13,100 vehicles |
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| start of building | 1881, complete renovation 1998 | |
| opening | 1882; June 30, 1999 | |
| planner | Paul Gottheiner (1881), engineer Gerhard Pichler and architect Benedict Tonon (1998/1999) | |
| location | ||
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The Marschallbrücke is a bridge over the Spree in the Berlin district of Mitte , which connects Luisenstrasse with Wilhelmstrasse .
history
Even the late 17th century joined about 200 meters spree upward (approximately at the level of today's Bunsenstraße) a wooden, footbridge called Fußgängersteg the newly created Dorotheenstadt with the northern banks of the Spree. On both sides there was land owned by the Electress Dorothea , which had been parceled out and sold to those willing to build.
The Jewish banker Veitel Heine Ephraim was 1740 renew the bridge, which is why they then also Jews bridge was named. However, it was demolished again in 1795 due to dilapidation and replaced by a new wooden footbridge about 70 meters downstream. For these, Karl Friedrich Schinkel made new plans in connection with the development of the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt , the first of which from 1818 was rejected by the Prussian king. In 1820, the bridge was converted into a roadworthy five-span bridge with flaps in the middle field, based on simplified templates. The new bridge received massive pillars and inexpensive paneling with boards, creating the illusion of a massive stone bridge, but the construction costs were decidedly lower. At that time it was given its current name Marschallbrücke in memory of the legendary Field Marshal Blücher .
The increased traffic between Dorotheenstadt and Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt as well as the need for repairs and the narrow lane of the Marschallbrücke led to a new building commissioned by the Berlin magistrate. In 1881/1882 the new bridge was built according to plans by Paul Gottheiner as a first-generation iron and steel bridge, as it was implemented several times in downtown Berlin. It consisted of three wrought-iron two-hinge truss arches and was supported on two granite- clad river pillars in the Spree. She received rich jewelry from wrought iron candelabra above the pillars, from ornamental bridge railings and separate metal reliefs on the arches, which were made by the renowned art blacksmith's workshop Eduard Puls . Several tram lines ran across the bridge until 1945.
During the Second World War , the Marschallbrücke, like more than 20 other Berlin Spree bridges, suffered severe damage from an explosion, with which the Wehrmacht wanted to prevent the advance of the Red Army into Berlin's city center during the Battle of Berlin in April 1945 . Immediately after the end of the war , the destroyed southern arch of the bridge was poorly repaired with steel girders. The makeshift construction served the pedestrians, but above all the transfer of a rubble railway with which the ruins of the nearby government buildings were removed . The bridge was then provided with further steel girders, a new railing and a new bridge deck. Due to the proximity to the Berlin Wall, which was built in 1961, and the not very heavy traffic in this area, no further repairs or renovation work were carried out for decades.
The fall of the Berlin Wall brought an enormous increase in traffic on the Marschall Bridge. In the years from 1997 onwards, a basic overhaul was inevitable, during which the building experts wanted to preserve the remains of the iron framework construction at the same time. The requirements of shipping on the Spree, the wishes of the monument protection authority and structural and structural requirements were combined into a sustainable compromise with the help of a renovation competition. The architect Benedict Tonon and the bridge construction engineer Gerhard Pichler submitted the design that was implemented, and the plan was to preserve the existing bridge elements. The construction companies "Schmitt Stumpf Frühauf" and "Sächsische Maschinenbau GmbH" implemented the plans. For the widening of the Spree channel, the southern river pillar was removed and a new steel structure was stretched between the southern abutment and the remaining north pillar, which was restored in its original form but had a deeper foundation. The recovered middle arch construction was then integrated by Tonon into the new Anhalter Steg at the German Museum of Technology . The best-preserved old girder arches were converted into two accompanying pedestrian bridges. A contrasting color scheme and the contrasting bridge elements determine the current appearance of the Marschall Bridge, which despite these renovations was able to keep its monument protection established in 1990.
In the environment
The ARD capital studio is located southeast of the Marschallbrücke, and the Jakob-Kaiser-Haus complex is on the other side of Wilhelmstrasse . On the northwest side, the Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus borders the bridge and the Luisenstraße that begins there.
literature
- Pichler, Gerhard; Guggisberg, Roland: Marschallbrücke - replacement new building in a historical context . In: Stahlbau, 66th vol. (1997), H. 12, pp. 797-809
- Eckhard Thiemann, Dieter Desczyk, Horstpeter Metzing: Berlin and his bridges , Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2003, pp. 74-75, ISBN 3897730731
- Berlin Architecture , Jovis Verlag, 2003; 528 pp., ISBN 3931321460
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- Marshal Bridge. In: Structurae
- The Marschallbrücke at Luise.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Traffic volumes for trucks in 2014 . Road traffic census 2014 as of October 16, 2015 (pdf)
- ↑ Traffic volume map DTV 2014: vehicles in 24 hours
- ↑ [1] (Accessed April 11, 2009)
- ^ Eduard Puls: Wrought-iron decoration of the Marschall Bridge, Berlin. in the holdings of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin , accessed on February 16, 2020.
- ↑ Berlin tram network 1930
- ↑ Angela M. Arnold, Gabriele von Griesheim: rubble, railways and districts. Berlin 1945–1955 ; Self-published 1999, p. 14 and p. 163
