Jannowitz Bridge
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 51 ″ N , 13 ° 25 ′ 4 ″ E
| Jannowitz Bridge | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| use | Road traffic | |
| Convicted | Brueckenstrasse | |
| Subjugated | Spree | |
| place | Berlin center | |
| Building number | 17004-0010 | |
| construction | Multiple steel girders with a concrete ceiling | |
| overall length | 73.5 m | |
| width | 35.0 | |
| Clear height | 4.0 m | |
| vehicles per day | 720 trucks 18,900 vehicles |
|
| building-costs | more than 2.1 million euros | |
| start of building | 1952, (Reko) 1995 | |
| completion | 1954, (Reko) 1997 | |
| location | ||
|
||
| Above sea level | 37.2 m | |
The Jannowitzbrücke is a bridge spanning the Spree in Berlin-Mitte . The first Jannowitz Bridge was built in 1822 with the help of a bridge-building stock company founded by the Berlin cotton manufacturer Christian August Jannowitz . Between 1881 and 1930 there was an iron truss bridge at this point. The new construction was destroyed in World War II. In 1954 the existing fourth Jannowitz Bridge was completed. It is located directly on the Berlin Stadtbahn and forms the western border of the area of the Mediaspree investor project , which extends in the east to the Elsenbrücke .
bridge
location
The bridge connects the districts of Luisenstadt and Stralauer Viertel in the Mitte district of the district of the same name . It connects the Brückenstraße on the south bank with the Alexanderstraße on the north bank. The next bridge spreeab to the east is the Michaelbrücke , to the west the Mühlendammbrücke . Before it was demolished in 1950, spreeauf connected the Waisenbrücke next to Littenstraße (formerly Friedrichstraße ) with Märkischer Platz (Am Köllnischen Park). The U-Bahn line 8 crosses the Spree below the Jannowitzbrücke. To the west of the bridge, an unused underground connection tunnel between U2 and U8 from Littenstraße to Brückenstraße crosses the Spree. The intersection of Holzmarktstrasse and Alexanderstrasse in the north is 35.7 m above sea level. NHN , the southern edge of the bridge (Brückenstraße / Märkisches Ufer) at 37.2 m.
history
After many discussions and suggestions, the cotton manufacturer Christian August Jannowitz founded a stock corporation in 1822, which raised the funds for a planned bridge over the Spree (28,000 thalers ). The bridge was completed on September 29 of the same year. Everyone who wanted to cross the Jochbrücke had to pay a toll of 6 pfennigs to the manufacturer, making it one of several nameless “six bridges” in Berlin. With this six , Jannowitz got part of his investment back. The bridge was only given the name "Jannowitzbrücke" on May 8, 1825. In 1831 the Prussian state bought the bridge from the shareholders;
As the traffic increased steadily and the lifespan of the wooden bridge was coming to an end, the city of Berlin launched a "bridge building program". In the years 1881 to 1883, a new, 17-meter-wide and 83-meter-long three-arched iron truss bridge was built in the same place. It kept the name Jannowitzbrücke. In addition to two lanes for carriages, it received two pairs of rails for the horse-drawn tram . The pillars and abutments were made of clinker bricks and faced with Harz granite . The location and construction of the new bridge had to be adapted to the tram that was built in the same period and running parallel to the bank of the Spree.
For the underground construction (today's U8 line ) at the Jannowitzbrücke, the bridge was dismantled and scrapped from 1927. During the lengthy construction work, temporary and intercepting structures were used by pedestrians and road vehicles to cross the Spree. When the underground tunnel was finished, a new truss arch bridge with a suspended carriageway was built at the same place between 1930 and 1932. This no longer required intermediate pillars in the river bed, was 36.8 meters wide and 72 meters long, but despite the supporting structure above the roadway, only offered ship traffic a clear passage height of four meters, which resulted from the adaptation to the height of the light rail viaduct. This height was the minimum required by shipping on the Spree. The bridge was opened in 1932 together with the underground station. This bridge also received a separate tram track. The bridge was often criticized at the time because of its excess width in relation to Brückenstraße.
During the Second World War, the bridge was blown up towards the end of the Battle of Berlin in order to hinder the advance of the Red Army . The rubble of the road crashed into the Spree.
The enormous damage prevented a quick reconstruction. The first clean-up work began in October 1950, and by the end of 1951 the remaining parts of the bridge were dismantled and scrapped. The East Berlin administration commissioned a new steel beam deck bridge. This should span the Spree at the old location using the intact abutments . A pillar of electricity had to be rebuilt in order to bridge the subway tunnel underneath without load. In addition, the 80 meter long construction had to be kept very flat in order not to fall below the clear passage height of 4 m. From 1952 to 1954 the important traffic connection was rebuilt.
In addition to the previous traffic flows, it took over the tasks of the orphan bridge a few meters downstream , which was not rebuilt after it was destroyed during the war. The eastern sidewalk could already be used again from 1952, while it was released for car traffic in December 1954 and for tram traffic in October 1955. The Jannowitz Bridge is roughly the same size as its predecessor. In 1970 the tram lines running over the bridge were shut down. In 1988/1989 the bridge was overhauled.
After reunification , work began in September 2005 on the comprehensive renovation of the bridge, which lasted until the end of September 2007. Cables were re-laid under the bridge and damage to the structure, the railing and the abutments were removed. At the same time, the traffic was split up: there are now 8.45-meter-wide sidewalks on both sides, next to each of two directional lanes 7.5 meters wide, and the median could be narrowed to 3 meters by removing the tram rails.
Bicycle traffic
One of 17 permanently installed automatic wheel counting stations in Berlin has been located at Jannowitzbrücke since 2015. Among all the places in the city with a counting point, the bridge is the second most frequented place by bicycle traffic.
Surroundings
Subway station
On April 6, 1928, the Schönleinstraße - Neanderstraße section of the then underground line D was opened. The Jannowitzbrücke, under which the underground line was to continue, had to be replaced by a new building because of its poor condition. The tunnel and the Jannowitzbrücke underground station were built in this area. On 18 April 1930, opened BVG section Neanderstraße - Gesundbrunnen with the U-Bahn station Jannowitzbrücke.
The station was hardly damaged by the demolition in World War II , but it was closed from April 1945 to June 15, 1945. The then line D, now the U8, was the first of all Berlin underground lines to resume full-length and circular service on June 16.
When the GDR erected the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 , it closed the entrances to the underground station. The entrances to the S-Bahn , which was two levels higher , were bricked up. The station had become a " ghost station ". The trains between the West Berlin subway stations Moritzplatz and Voltastraße passed through the station without stopping.
In the autumn of 1989 the Jannowitzbrücke underground station took on a new meaning. Just two days after the fall of the Berlin Wall, on November 11th, the GDR opened the subway station as a border crossing point, for which the mezzanine between the subway and the S-Bahn was suitable. East Berliners who had traveled by S-Bahn were given access to West Berlin's local transport system by underground .
In 2004, the ceiling of the station was renovated and completed with the “Daisy” passenger information system . In 2009, the BVG began extensive reconstruction work on the Jannowitzbrücke underground station, which was completed at the end of 2011.
S-Bahn station
When the Jannowitzbrücke was rebuilt from 1881 to 1883, a suburban train station (still without a hall) was also built on the tram viaduct . Due to complaints from passengers, it was decided in 1885 to build a hall between the suburban and long-distance tracks. For the new electric S-Bahn system, which was also to run on the Stadtbahn from 1928, the Reichsbahn had the existing station completely demolished and rebuilt in its current form with a new building according to plans by Hugo Röttcher . Finally, from June 11, 1928, S-Bahn trains also entered the newly built station.
As a result of the war, the S-Bahn station was out of service between April 1945 and November 15, 1945. When the Berlin Wall was erected on August 13, 1961, all connections to the subway were blocked, the Jannowitzbrücke station was just a simple S-Bahn station, no longer a transfer station. Only a few days after the fall of the Berlin Wall it was possible to change between the S-Bahn and the U-Bahn again on November 11, 1989. In the years 1994 to 1996, a thorough renovation of the S-Bahn station was due. To do this, the S-Bahn drove past the S-Bahn hall, which was modernly equipped with an elevator and several escalators, on the long-distance tracks that were temporarily closed. Commercial facilities and restaurants found their place in some of the previously bricked up light rail arches that could be integrated into the station hall.
Jannowitz Center
In 1997, across from the S-Bahn station on the other bank of the Spree, the Jannowitz Center was built according to plans by the architects Hentrich-Petschnigg . The building with a total area of around 30,000 m² is used by retail stores and offices. The Jannowitz-Center faces competition from the large office buildings in the nearby Alexanderplatz , the new Alexa shopping center in Alexanderstraße (opened in 2007) and the Ostbahnhof, which is also just one S-Bahn station away, with its wide range of shops.
Chinese embassy
The building complex south of the Spree was built in 1988 according to plans by Jens Ebert as the seat of the federal board of the FDGB . After the turnaround and the liquidation of the trade union federation, the house was converted into a congress center, which was soon abandoned. After the capital city decision in 1991, the Chinese embassy moved to Berlin in 1999 and renovated it in the following years. Since then, a new, silver outer facade, many trees and a Chinese lion adorn the building. An additional high security fence guarantees the security for the diplomatic representation of the People's Republic of China . An additional house was built right next to the main building as a visa office.
The Jannowitz Bridge in Art
Adolph Menzel created the painting Daniel Chodowiecki on the Jannowitz Bridge in 1859 . In it, Menzel took the artistic freedom to depict the copper engraver Daniel Chodowiecki, who died in 1801, while drawing on the Jannowitz Bridge, which was built from wood in 1822. Menzel's message was: “Chodowiecki is alive!”. The large-format picture was his gift to the newly constituting Association of Berlin Artists .
An antiquarian catalog contains a wood engraving The Jannowitz Bridge with excursion steamer and boats from 1885 by Wilhelm Geißler .
The art gallery "Univers" is located in the Stadtbahn arches 45 to 50 directly at the Jannowitzbrücke. On the occasion of the 2001 Biennale, the artists Carlos Amorales, Fiona Banner, David Claerbout, Kendell Geers , “Little Warsaw” (András Gálik / Bálint Havas) and Henrik Håkansson exhibited their works.
literature
- Norbert Schmidt: Berlin's transport locations through the ages. Jannowitz Bridge . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . 31st year, issues 5–6, 2004, p. 118–129 (issue 5) and 163–171 (issue 6) .
- Laurenz Demps : With Jannowitz across the Spree / Marginalien to the creation of the Jannowitz Bridge . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . 35th volume, issue 2 (March / April 2008), 2008, p. 48-56 .
- Eckhard Thiemann, Dieter Desczyk, Horstpeter Metzing: Berlin and its bridges . Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89773-073-1 , p. 42-44 .
- Uwe Kieling, Günter Schneider: City of Bridges, Berlin . Jaron Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-932202-13-9 .
- Neue Berliner Illustrierte (Ed.): Bridges in Berlin . Info page. Issue 49, 1969, pp. 38 .
- Frank Eberhardt: On, above and below ground . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 7, 1998, ISSN 0944-5560 ( luise-berlin.de ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Traffic volumes for trucks 2014. (PDF) Road traffic census 2014. October 16, 2015, accessed on October 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Traffic volume map DTV 2014: vehicles in 24 hours
- ↑ a b Reconstruction and renovation of the Jannowitz Bridge in Berlin-Mitte. (PDF; 99 kB) (No longer available online.) Krebs und Kiefer, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on April 10, 2009 (details and photos of the bridge reconstruction).
- ^ Jannowitzbrücke FIS broker (map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition)) of the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment
- ↑ Article in: Vossische Zeitung , March 30, 1881
- ^ Rehabilitation of the Jannowitz Bridge. Senate Department for Urban Development, accessed April 10, 2009 .
- ↑ Traffic survey bike counter for Berlin: How many cyclists are there? Retrieved February 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Berlin bridges: history in the back light. The Jannowitzbrücke on www.tagesspiegel.de; accessed on November 16, 2018.
- ↑ Office and commercial building Jannowitz-Center Brückenstraße 5, 5 A, 6
- ↑ Homepage of the Jannowitz Center , accessed again on November 16, 2018
- ^ Page of the Chinese Embassy
- ^ Museum Georg Schäfer , oil on canvas, 197 × 113 cm; Image description in: Konrad Kaiser: Adolph Menzel. The painter . C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1965, pp. 90-92
- ↑ Catalog No. 105 - Antiquarian Book Store Catalog Autumn 2006. (PDF; 7.7 MB) (No longer available online.) Peter Bierl Book & Art Antiquarian Book, 2006, archived from the original on June 12, 2009 ; Retrieved October 30, 2009 .
- ↑ Info on the 2nd Biennale 2001. Univers; Retrieved April 10, 2009
