Monbijou Bridge (Berlin)
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 19 ″ N , 13 ° 23 ′ 37 ″ E
| Monbijou Bridge | ||
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 on the left the redesigned northern part of the bridge |
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| Official name | Monbijou Bridge | |
| use | Pedestrians, commercial traffic | |
| Convicted | Monbijoustraße | |
| Crossing of | Spree and Spree Canal , ( Kupfergraben ) | |
| place | Berlin | |
| construction | Steel girders (north part), stone vault (south part) |
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| overall length | approx. 62 m, divided into two parts (41.5 m + 20 m) |
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| width | approx. 15 m | |
| Longest span | approx. 35 m (north part), 18.0 m (south part) |
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| Construction height | 1.06 m | |
| Clear height | 4.5 m | |
| building-costs | Reko + northern part approx. 3.4 million euros | |
| start of building | 1902/2004 | |
| completion | 1904/2006 | |
| planner | Ernst von Ihne | |
| location | ||
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The listed Monbijoubrücke leads in the Berlin district of Mitte over the Spree and the Kupfergraben , part of the Spree Canal . Today's bridge was built at the beginning of the 20th century over both arms of the Spree and rests on the tip of the Museum Island . The northern part of the double bridge was built as a reconstruction in 2006 after years of temporary work.
history
The early existence of the first bridge over the Spree around the current location was reported as the Great Chausseebrücke . It was a wooden yoke bridge renewed in 1776 . Because the Weidendamm ran from the tip of the island to the Lustgarten, the new Spree crossing was now called the “Kleine Weidendammer Bridge”. The construction of the National Gallery (1866–1876) with the elimination of this dam and the completion of a flour house on the island led to the construction of a new bascule bridge a little further up the river. Now the construction completed in 1820 was called Mehlbrücke or Mehlhausbrücke .
In 1897, the architect Ernst von Ihne was commissioned to build a public museum on the Spree island to display the collected antiquities, later named the Bode Museum after its first director . At the same time as the plans for the museum building, Ihne designed a new bridge, consisting of two separate partial bridges. They run at an obtuse angle across the museum forecourt on the tip of the island and connect the museum entrance with the opposite banks of the Spree. The bridge was built between 1902 and 1904 and was named Monbijou Bridge when it was inaugurated after the Monbijou Castle, which was located nearby at the time . An equestrian statue of Emperor Friedrich III was erected on the museum forecourt . set up. Both parts of the bridge were formed from Reinhardtsdorfer and Postaer sandstone from Saxony and from Wünschelburg sandstone and their visible surfaces were veneered with them.
The openwork balusters of the balustrade and the column-shaped granite lamp holders with cast bronze spherical lamps serve as decoration . The combination of materials chosen is tailored to the neo-baroque style of the museum. The southern part of the Monbijou Bridge spans the left branch of the Spree, known as the Kupfergraben or Spree Canal, at an angle of 90 ° and meets the street Am Kupfergraben . It is a single arched vault bridge with an opening width of 18 m, a total length of 25 m and a width of 14 m between the parapets. The construction height in the apex is 0.73 m. The northern part bridges the main arm of the Spree and opens up to Monbijoustraße . This bridge, which was aligned at an angle of 82.5 ° to the Spree, consisted of two stone vaults with a clear width of 17.25 m each due to the poor building ground. A 2.4 m wide pillar was placed between the two arches. For the northern arch abutment, the building ground required an elaborate foundation at a depth of 18 m on a wooden caisson . The two arms of the Spree come together directly behind the Monbijou bridge.
With a construction time of 20 1 ⁄ 2 months, the construction costs for the two representative bridges amounted to 842,852 marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 5.65 million euros). In relation to the area, the arch over the Kupfergraben cost 922 marks / m², the two arches over the Spree 960 marks / m². In terms of engineering, stone bridges in Berlin that were comparable in terms of engineering cost 600 to 700 marks / m². In terms of area-related costs, the Monbijou bridges were the most expensive bridges of their time.
During the Second World War , towards the end of the Battle of Berlin, the northern part of the bridge was blown up by troops of the Wehrmacht in order to hinder the advance of the Red Army . Afterwards, a steel makeshift bridge with a wooden planking served for decades to cross the Spree at this point.
The opening of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent merging of the two halves of the city made it possible to restore the entire Monbijou Bridge using numerous original materials. On October 12, 2006, the then Senator for Urban Development, Ingeborg Junge-Reyer , the General Director of the State Museums in Berlin, Peter-Klaus Schuster , and the Vice President of the Waterways and Shipping Directorate East, Heinz Weiß, opened the renewed Monbijou Bridge. An unadorned steel support segment, made in two longitudinal parts and weighing 100 tons each, which has been adapted to the original appearance, spans the right arm of the Spree. These bridge parts were placed on the renewed, old abutments with a ship crane and then clad with sandstone. The design of the new half of the bridge does not correspond to the original plans, but meets the requirements of historians, bridge engineers and architects, as well as those of the Spree shipping industry, because it does not have a central bridge pillar. The work was planned and carried out by the following companies: Hochtief Construction AG, Ambau Stahl- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Krone Ingenieurbüro GmbH. Bernhard Strecker was the collaborating architect.
The Monbijou Bridge is reserved for pedestrians, cyclists, commercial traffic to the museum and emergency vehicles. The equestrian statue of the emperor was not put back on the bridge.
See also
literature
- Eckhard Thiemann, Dieter Deszyk, Horstpeter Metzing: Berlin and his bridges , Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2003, pp. 66–67; ISBN 3-89773-073-1 .
- Martin Krone, Klaus-Dieter Reinke: New construction of the northern Monbijou bridge over the Spree in Berlin-Mitte , article in Der Stahlbau , vol. 76, issue 2 (2007), pp. 87–93.
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- Monbijou Bridge (Berlin). In: Structurae
- 16 photos of the Monbijou Bridge on Flickr
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Homepage engineering office Krone ( Memento from February 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ Jörg Friedrich: Monbijou Bridge. In: Stone bridges in Germany. Verlag Bau + Technik, 1999, ISBN 3-7640-0389-8 , p. 42.
- ^ Jörg Friedrich: Monbijou Bridge. In: Stone bridges in Germany. Verlag Bau + Technik, 1999, ISBN 3-7640-0389-8 , p. 41.
- ^ Press information from the Senate Department for Urban Development on the reopening of the Monbijou Bridge; Retrieved March 28, 2009
- ↑ Monbijou Bridge before assembly . In: Welt Online , accessed on November 14, 2017