FA Schumann Berlin

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Painted porcelain cup with a view of the Kreuzberg from the FA Schumann porcelain factory, 1860s

The porcelain manufactory F. A. Schumann produced high -quality utility porcelain in the Berlin suburb of Moabit from 1827 to 1889 , with which it competed with the nearby Royal Porcelain Manufactory (KPM).

Company history

Porcelain Manufactory Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Schumann (1827–1841)

Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Schumann, founder of Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt , acquired the Kehnert mansion near Tangerhütte in 1827 and opened a porcelain factory on the site. In 1832 Schumann bought a wasteland in the Berlin suburb of Moabit and, from 1834, relocated production there. The new production facility was located between the south-eastern end of the Kleiner Tiergarten and the Spree , at Alt-Moabit 103-105. The Villa Schumann was built on the neighboring property Alt-Moabit 99-102.

From the beginning, Schumann also sold porcelain, which he obtained as white goods from the nearby KPM and had it painted. The company produced according to a process that deviated from the standard at the time, so that the production facilities and buildings in Alt-Moabit were structured differently than comparable porcelain factories of that time. He concentrated on the production of very good quality porcelain, which came close to KPM, and of high artistic quality, but at affordable prices, and thus appealed to a middle-class group of buyers. This brought a certain monopoly, as the state KPM still refused to produce household porcelain for everyday use at the time.

From 1835 until his death, his son Friedrich Adolph Schumann (1808–1851) took over the company. In 1837 a side building of the factory burned down and destroyed the goods it contained.

Porcelain manufacture by FA Schumann & Sohn (1841–1871)

The factory site is called “Berl. Porcelain Manufactur Act. Ges. "Registered

From 1841 the factory operated under the new name, had around 40 employees and was seen as a serious competitor to KPM. In 1844 the company had 443 employees, the largest workforce in a porcelain factory in its time. In-house social measures, such as higher wages, a specially founded company health insurance fund and bodies for employee representation, did their part to safeguard the employees. This meant that the company did not have to accept a shortage of workers, as was the case with the other porcelain factories. In the same year a branch was established in Breitestrasse.

During this time, the porcelain painter Carl Schomburg (1809–1867), a later competitor, handed over his invention of the “Berlin gold liquid”, a kind of bright gold , to Friedrich Adolph Schumann and in 1839 undertook not to use it any further. Until the death of Schumann jr. Schomburg worked exclusively for Schumann with his own painting on the Alt-Moabit 95/97 property. This bright gold distinguished the products in particular, was cheaper to use than conventional application methods and made the porcelain from FA Schumann even more famous.

In the course of the Berlin trade exhibition of 1844 , the presented goods were compared with the works from the royal manufactories. The excellent technology, the tasteful decor in color, painting and gilding were particularly emphasized. The exhibition featured baroque vases, tea sets , centerpieces and cabarets. Plates with inlaid gemstones were also exhibited, although the practicality of these was questioned. Schumann was awarded a gold medal. In 1847 Schumann wrote to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV that his factory was "the largest on the Continent". Schumann began to build up a clever branch network. So branches were set up in Hamburg , also for overseas trade, and until 1852 in Cologne , Magdeburg , Danzig , Stettin and Breslau . With the revolution of 1848 , however, difficulties arose: Schumann got involved in the discussion on the health insurance legislation and despite all the supposed safeguards, there was a crisis with layoffs. Just as quickly as the dismantling took place, the rebuilding came around 1851, after the death of Schumann in 1851, however, under the leadership of changing directors.

From 1850, competition from other porcelain factories in Alt-Moabit grew. In 1851 by the factory of the Schmidt brothers, two former employees of Schumann, and in 1853 by the neighboring Schomburg porcelain factory .

Platinum lighter , painting based on Rembrandt's “Simson threatens his father-in-law”, 1840s

Berliner Porzellan-Manufaktur AG (1871–1880)

Around 1868 the factory was bought by Erhard Appelhans and HOA Zepernick and employed several hundred workers. Despite great efforts, they too did not manage to return to the factory's original glory. In 1872 a stock corporation was formed and the name was changed to Berliner Porzellan-Manufaktur AG . Max Ludloff was director of the porcelain factory from 1875 until the joint stock company was dissolved in 1880 . It is reported that the factory under Ludloff "in bulk like Decor" experienced a significant boom.

The new owners also created other social benefits for the employees, such as B. the in-house social insurance established around 1877 . Around this time, however, there were protests by migrant workers, who had to pay travel money compared to the workers living on site . In 1879, the Berlin porcelain factory filed for bankruptcy. In 1880 the company was dissolved and porcelain production was temporarily discontinued.

Berlin porcelain factory M. Ludloff & Co. (1880–1889)

In 1880 Max Ludloff and his brother Friedrich , called Fritz, founded their own porcelain factory in Berlin out of the bankrupt Berliner Porzellan-Manufaktur AG , the Berlin porcelain manufactory M. Ludloff & Co.Max Ludloff left the company in 1888; this porcelain factory was closed and the power of attorney of Friedrich's son Robert was deleted. Friedrich Ludloff had already founded his own mechanical engineering company F. Ludloff & Sons with his sons in Berlin and therefore had no interest in continuing the trade, which was actually unknown to him. The factory and the villa were taken over by the neighboring C. Bolle dairy in 1889 and the villa was demolished.

An extensive collection of FA Schumann's production is now in the Berlin City Museum .

Trivia

In a cookbook from 1913, porcelain molds and a smoking drum from FA Schumann are used.

literature

  • Ingrid Thienel: Urban Growth in the Industrialization Process of the 19th Century: The Berlin Example , Walter de Gruyter, 1973.
  • Dietmar Jürgen Ponert, Marion Webers-Tschiskle: The porcelain manufacture FA Schumann in Moabit near Berlin , Helmut Scherer Verlag, 1993.
  • Marion Webers-Tschiskle: The price lists and manufacturing brands of the porcelain manufacturer FA Schumann in Moabit near Berlin , Scherer, 1997.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Oehlert: The Moabiter porcelain industry . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Berlin . tape 30 , 1913, pp. 114–118 ( zlb.de [accessed May 24, 2020]).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Arnulf Siebeneicker: Officiants and Ouvriers: Social history of the Royal Porcelain Manufactory and the Royal Health Crockery Manufactory in Berlin 1763-1880 . Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 978-3-11-088914-7 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2018]).
  3. ↑ The world art . July 2003 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2018]).
  4. ↑ a b c d Helmut Engel, Volker Koop: The Spree Arch: Carl Bolle and his legacy . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, 1995, ISBN 978-3-89488-088-0 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Berlin: Chronicle of the Royal. Capital and residence city of Berlin: 1837 (1840) . Gropius, 1840 ( google.de [accessed January 8, 2018]).
  6. ^ Official report on the General German Trade Exhibition in Berlin in 1844 . K. Reimarus, 1846 ( google.de [accessed January 8, 2018]).
  7. ↑ General housing indicator for Berlin, Charlottenburg and the surrounding area . 1844 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2018]).
  8. ^ Illustrirte Zeitung: Leipzig, Berlin, Vienna, Budapest, New York . Weber, 1845 ( google.de [accessed January 8, 2018]).
  9. ↑ Amand. Ferd. Neukrantz: Detailed report on the large, general German trade exhibition in Berlin in 1844 . M. Simon, 1845 ( google.de [accessed January 14, 2018]).
  10. ^ Official report on the General German Trade Exhibition in Berlin in 1844 . tape 3 , Annex: Awards. Reimarus, Berlin 1845, p. 6 ( digitized version of the University of Cologne ).
  11. ↑ Schumann, Hänel: Plan to provide for those unable to work in the Prussian state by founding a National Invaliden Casse . Berlin.
  12. ↑ Christoph Sandler: Handbook of the efficiency of the entire industry in Germany, Austria, Alsace-Lorraine and Switzerland . Hermann Wölfert, 1873 ( google.de [accessed January 8, 2018]).
  13. ^ Association for the history of Berlin: magazine ...: new follow of the "messages" ... Association for the history of Berlin, 1913 ( google.de [accessed on January 9, 2018]).
  14. ↑ Friedrich Jaennicke: Outline of ceramics in relation to the arts and crafts: A historical representation of their development in Europe, the Orient and East Asia from the oldest times to the present . P. Neff, 1879 ( google.de [accessed January 9, 2018]).
  15. ↑ Electrotechnical magazine . Julius Springer, 1894 ( google.de [accessed January 9, 2018]).
  16. ↑ Ceramic collection . In: Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin . ( stadtmuseum.de [accessed on January 8, 2018]).
  17. ↑ A. Steimann: The efficient housewife . Рипол Классик, ISBN 978-5-87283-138-9 ( google.de [accessed January 8, 2018]).