Stralau village church
The Protestant village church Stralau in Berlin local situation Stralau is the oldest church in the district of Friedrichshain in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg . It belongs to the Evangelical Church Community Boxhagen-Stralau in the parish of Berlin Stadtmitte of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia .
location
The church stands 500 meters from the end of the headland on which Stralau is located, between the Spree and Rummelsburger See , on the Stralau cemetery . This was opened as early as 1412 and is therefore significantly older than the church, which only began in the middle of the 15th century. In a brochure by the association, this is justified with a knight's seat that was located in the southern area of Stralau in the 13th century and was relocated to the interior of the headland. Floods may have been the reason for the move. The church was built on the existing cemetery and thus at a greater distance from the town.
history
The sacred building was built between 1459 and 1464. The church consecration took place on Bartholomew's Day , August 24th of the same year. In 1539 the Reformation came to Stralau. With the introduction of the Stralau fishing haul by Johann Georg von Brandenburg on February 22, 1574, the clergy were probably given a share of the fishing for the first time. The structure was probably badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War . According to tradition, the construction work started in 1652 and continued into the 18th century. During this time, the pastor from the Heilig-Geist-Spital took over the pastoral care of the community, followed by the clergyman from the old Friedrichs orphanage . In 1709 craftsmen built an organ gallery . So far, no data are available about the organ built there. They also built in new choir stalls . Since the weather vane shows the year 1737, the work could have been provisionally completed that year. The wooden west tower has been damaged several times over the centuries by storms and lightning strikes. The church subsequently commissioned the architect Friedrich Wilhelm Langerhans with a new building. According to his plans, a massive, highly visible neo-Gothic bell tower was built in 1823/1824 . In other respects, too, the church has undergone considerable changes in the long period of its existence. From 1830 to 1832, craftsmen filled up the interior in order to protect it against the pressing floods from the Rummelsburger See. In 1895 the tower was given a Gothic vestibule, which was primarily used for mourning purposes. In 1909 Stralau received its own parish . The first parish priest was Robert Zastrow (1877–1932), his successor was Franz Kirchmann (1898–1945). In 1932 the church had to be closed due to dilapidation. The inclination of the tower, which Stralau often noticed, was determined as early as 1934. It is 5 degrees from perpendicular; 58 cm to the west and 93 cm to the north. In the years from 1935 to 1937 the church was comprehensively renovated while retaining the traditional forms. The church tower - previously a half-timbered building clad with brick - has now been dismantled and massively rebuilt. The vestibule had lost its original purpose with the construction of its own mourning hall in the cemetery in 1912 and was reduced in size. The entrance was moved from the south side into the church tower. The floor was lowered by up to 75 cm to the original level. The tower's wind vane with the Berlin heraldic bear and the year 1737 has been on the choir roof since then. The ribbed vault and the north wall of the nave collapsed in a bombing raid on February 26, 1945 during the Second World War . From 1947 to 1949, however, the church building could be restored. The new church consecration took place on the 4th Advent 1951 by the new pastor Hellmuth Klein. In 1952 the church received a new organ. Ten years later, the parish re-erected a medieval altar and the fifth . A renovation took place from 2012 to 2014, which was accompanied by a support association.
architecture
Only the single-nave nave with the pentagonal choir and the tower base remains of its original shape . They show the mixed masonry typical of the late Gothic . Among the late Gothic village churches in Berlin, Stralau and Dahlem are the only ones that have the buttresses typical of the Gothic period (because of the vaulting).
Furnishing
altar
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The late Gothic altarpiece did not come to this church until 1962. It stands on a brick and plastered block and a sandstone slab. The tower consists of a central shrine and two altar wings that come from different churches. After the destruction in World War II, the village church did not have an altar for a few years. Only through the foraging trips of the village priest (at that time Helmut Klein) was the middle shrine well packed in the attic of a presbytery in masses in Finsterwalde "rediscovered". After the repair work on the church building had been completed, the community of this small town in Lower Lusatia handed over this central section to the Stralau community as a loan. It consists of three carved figures about one meter tall and was created around 1500. The figures show Mary with the baby Jesus between Saint Barbara and Saint Ursula . The figures were arranged with the stylistic device of iscephaly . The wings were made around 1475 and depict events in the life of the apostles : the calling of Andrew , Peter catching fish, and below each the martyrdom of Andrew and that of Peter. The back of the wings are badly damaged and show the stigmatization of Francis of Assisi and a St. Gregory mass . They come from the Peter and Paul Altar in Brandenburg Cathedral . The altar was put up again on October 30, 2017 after an extensive restoration.
pulpit
The pulpit created Felix Wilde in the years 1936-1938. In the design, he was apparently based on the choir stalls. The pulpit consists only of a pulpit that takes up the shape of the baptismal font. Proverbs from the Bible are painted on the five cassette fields.
Baptismal font
The late Gothic octagonal limestone baptism in the form of a cup was brought back from the Märkisches Museum . It stands on a squat foot and is decorated with notched ornaments. Experts dated the Fifth to the 15th century, possibly earlier. On top of it is a baroque brass baptismal bowl depicting the fall of man and the locked gates of the New Jerusalem . The inscription reads: "FRAU ELISABETH KUBITZEN VERWITTIBTE KNOLLIN HONORES THIS BASIN IN LOCAL CHURCHES FOR THE CONTINUOUS REMEDY OF AUGUST 1710, 1710". It is not on display in 2018, but is in a vault after the duplicate was stolen while filming in 1993.
Nave
The corbels for supporting the Birnstabrippen the vault show original figurative representations in neighboring Brandenburg Country strokes also " Hussites heads" or " Contact faces" are called. Two in the nave date from the time the church was built and show a bearded man and a figure with an ear flap. When the vault collapsed during World War II, more corbels were damaged. They were restored in 1962 by the sculptor Waldemar Grzimek and each show a boy and a girl, a wolf and a man, a woman and a ram, a sheep and two snakes. In the choir there are two consoles that craftsmen created during the repairs between 1935 and 1937. They represent a blasphemy and a priest and symbolize the architect and the builder. They were supplemented by works that Hedwig Bollhagen burned from clay in 1965. They show a woman with a hood and a bishop with a miter . The remains of late Gothic stained glass can be seen in two windows , the only ones of its kind in Berlin. One shows the flagellation of Christ and was created around 1460. The other shows Saint George . The unknown artist created the work around 1510. In 1871 it was partially destroyed and a neo-Gothic gray painting was added.
The choir stalls are from the beginning of the 18th century. It consists of a total of 15 parapet fields with the names of Stralau residents and inscriptions, two of which have an inscription and one that is simply decorated with tendrils. Experts suspect that each of the eleven fishing families had their own choir stalls. On one there is the inscription: "This choir is / built in 1709 / ground in 1721 / H (err) Jacobus Schmid pastor / Michael Pöebst / Christian Märtin / Kirchen Fathers / Gottfried Masche / Schultze".
A painting by Walther Miehe hangs in the anteroom of the church. The painting in the interior of the church depicts Pastor Zastrow in front of the parish. It is titled Divine Service in Stralau Church and was created in 1925. A painting with the Mater Dolorosa from 1787 by Christian Bernhard Rhode is no longer available. The pictures by unknown painters from the end of the 18th century are just as lost. One was entitled The Story of the Interest Groschen , the other was a portrait of Martin Luther from around 1830.
organ
The existing organ in the 21st century goes back to an instrument made by the organ builders Oswald and Paul Dinse (Berlin) between 1897 and 1900. It was a two-manual instrument on a small gallery at the end of the nave. It was built into a neo-Gothic prospect and had a pneumatic action . In 1910 the organ was rebuilt by the organ building company Sauer ( Frankfurt (Oder) ), in 1937 the instrument was rebuilt by the organ building company Schuke (Berlin). After the church entrance had been relocated to the tower from the south, the new organ had to be installed in the tower. The instrument was largely destroyed by a bomb hit in 1945. In 1952, the Schuke organ building company built a new instrument with 18 stops from the pipe material that was still in existence . In 1992 and 1993 the gaming table and the electrical system were renewed. Due to the comparatively unusual installation of the organ in the tower, however, there were technical problems. The bellows and engine were exposed to the weather more than usual. In 2016, craftsmen therefore erected an enclosure that has protected these sensitive components ever since.
Bells
The smallest of the three bells in the tower still belongs to the original furnishings; it bears the inscription "Andreas Kepfel from Lutringen gos mich MDVL" (1545). Two more bells were made in the bell foundry in Apolda in 1850 .
literature
- Kurt Pomplun : Berlin's old village churches . Bruno Hessling Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 82.
- Markus Cante: Churches until 1618. In: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (Ed.): Berlin and its buildings, Part VI: Sacred buildings. Berlin 1997, p. 338.
- Peter-Paul Singer (with the assistance of Dieter Otto): The Protestant Church Berlin-Stralau. Published by the Stralauer Dorfkirche e. V., 2004, p. 24.
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- Stralau village church and other churches in the Boxhagen-Stralau parish
- Dorfkirche Stralau on the website of Luise-Berlin.de
- Stralau village church
- Stralau village church. In: arch INFORM .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter-Paul Singer (with the assistance of Dieter Otto): The Protestant Church Berlin-Stralau. Published by the Stralauer Dorfkirche e. V, 2004, p. 24.
- ↑ The legend that Schinkel was the architect of the tower was refuted in 1886 (again in 1937).
- ↑ Information board : The village church , set up in front of the church, January 2018.
- ^ Stralau village church - the building
- ↑ Information on the history of the organ
Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 28 " N , 13 ° 28 ′ 45" E