Advent Church (Berlin)
| Advent Church | |
|---|---|
 View of the Advent Church from the west |
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| Start of building: | April 10, 1910 |
| Inauguration: | February 26, 1911 |
| Architect : | August Dinklage and Ernst Paulus , Berlin |
| Client: | Parish |
| Height: | 46 m above zero |
| Tower height: |
50 m |
| Location: | 52 ° 31 '49.7 " N , 13 ° 26' 37.9" E |
| Address: | Danziger Strasse 201, Heinz-Bartsch-Strasse Prenzlauer Berg Berlin , Germany |
| Purpose: | evangelical-union ; church service |
| Local community: | Evangelical Advent Zacchaeus Church Congregation |
| Parish: | Parish district on Prenzlauer Berg |
| Regional Church : | EKBO |
| Website: | www.evkap.de |
The Advent Church is a Protestant church in the Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg in the Pankow district . It is a brick- faced masonry structure that was built between 1910 and 1911 according to a design by the architects August Dinklage and Ernst Paulus . The architectural style is assigned to the beginning modern , the neo-Gothic still has an effect in the pointed arched portals and the tracery windows in the gable facade. The church of the Evangelical Advent-Zachäus-Kirchengemeinde forms together with the Bartholomäus-Kirchgemeinde and the Immanuel-Kirchgemeinde the parish district Am Prenzlauer Berg in the parish of Berlin Stadtmitte and is under monument protection .
history
At the turn of the 20th century, the site of the later Bötzowviertel was parceled out and sold by the owner of the Bötzow brewery . In the course of the development with tenement houses up to today's Danziger Strasse , Greifswalder Strasse and Landsberger Allee , the number of parishioners grew strongly.
Church planting and development
The St. Bartholomew Church had become too small to supply the Protestant residents. For this reason, the Berlin city synod decided on a new building program for churches. In a document dated May 2, 1906, the police chief approved the establishment of an independent Protestant parish with no patronage, which came into force on September 15, 1906. The new daughter congregation with the transitional name St. Bartholomäus II held their services in the prayer room at Werneuchener Straße 6. A renaming of the parish to Advent parish came into effect on April 1, 1908. She was responsible for parts of the parish of the Church of the Resurrection and the Church of St. Bartholomew. The Berlin city synod acquired the property for this community in 1906 with the address Königstadt , Elbinger Strasse 24/25 (house number soon changed to 23/24), Berlin NO 18, (now: Danziger Strasse 201–203) at the corner of 21a, later at the corner Schneidemühler Straße 1 (now: Heinz-Bartsch-Straße) as a suitable building site for a church with an adjoining parish hall.
In the First and Second World War fallen members of this community will be honored with a plaque in the porch.
The two formerly independent Protestant parishes of Advent and Zacchaeus merged on October 1, 2004.
Since August 1, 2014, the parish, together with the Bartholomäuskirchgemeinde and the Immanuelkirchgemeinde, belong to the parish of Am Prenzlauer Berg.
Building the church
The commissioned architects Dinklage and Paulus took a leading position in Protestant church building in Berlin in the beginning of the 20th century - after the departure of the Berlin church architects Johannes Otzen , August Orth and Friedrich Adler at the end of the 19th century. As early as October 1907, you had submitted a first draft for the church, rectory and parish hall. On April 2, 1910, building permit No. 4061 was issued for the revised design, which implemented the modern building ideas of the Wiesbaden program , whose theses oppose the Eisenach regulation of 1861. From the Protestant church building it was demanded that the celebration of the Lord's Supper should take place in the middle of the congregation and therefore that the separation between ship and choir should be omitted. This idea is reflected in the floor plan of the centralized church space. The architects made optimal use of the given plot of land within the street lines for the construction of the church and the parish and community center as an architectural unit. In 1906, due to the large number of new church buildings, the Protestant town synod decided that only 200,000 marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 1,233,000 euros) will be made available per church. The architects therefore replaced the traditional materials for the Gothic columns and vaults they designed with inexpensive, fireproof constructions made from wire plaster, plaster of paris and cement. The city synod provided funds of 200,000 marks for the church and 94,000 marks for the parish and parish hall.
Just under a year after the foundation stone was laid , the new church was completed. Many guests of honor were present at the inauguration of the church, including the Prussian Crown Prince Wilhelm , Minister August von Trott zu Solz and Police President Traugott von Jagow .
Destruction, reconstruction, alterations
During the Second World War , bombing raids on March 22nd and May 7th, 1944 destroyed large parts of the church, the front building of the parish hall and two bells. The first service at the end of the war took place on May 6, 1945 on the organ gallery in the main tower. The roof of the church building was almost completely covered and the roof structure was damaged. The interior plaster had almost completely fallen off. The structural condition deteriorated further because the church was exposed to the elements for three years.
The rebuilding of the church resulted in a simplified restoration between 1949 and 1952. The construction of the destroyed front building of the parish and parish hall was not completed until 1969. In the spring of 1951 the tower was covered with slate again . The steel frames of the roof structure were retained, but the rafters and purlins had to be replaced. The roof of the main nave was done with new plain tiles with a crown covering .
Due to the total destruction of the parish hall with the confirmation halls, the areas under the two side galleries were set up as parish hall and chapel by inserting masonry walls, which reduced the number of available places in the church to 500. The altar and pulpit were built using what was left of the original marble paneling. In July 1960 the newly erected altar was given a slab made of Cotta sandstone . The front and sides were first plastered and only later covered with sandstone . The lead glass windows destroyed by the war were easily restored. The rededication of the church took place on December 3, 1951 during the last construction work.
In 1957, the metal wreath on one of the church lights had fallen down, and when looking for the cause, it was found that the framework from which the lamp was hanging had been eaten away by the goat . During the renovation of the roof, the room was covered with a wooden ceiling over a visible beam construction on massive buttress arches. In 1978 the church was in a desolate condition due to water damage as a result of the damaged roof. More roof tiles were missing after each storm. In 1979 the church roof was covered with concrete tiles. The interior work on the church ceiling began in 1981. The entire church ceiling was torn down except for the beams and rebuilt with boards lying on the beams and insulation.
Building description
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The corner position is represented by a 50-meter high squat rectangular tower with schiefergedecktem pyramids helmet , a city or castle gate similarly utilized. A three-sided open porch is flanked by stair towers. The main nave is angled according to the position of the building. The tower placed over the corner is located above the portal, opposite which the chancel with a sacristy behind is arranged. The irregular hexagon of the interior is fitted to the square plan of the church. The interior of the church has massive galleries on three sides. The chancel and the tower hall are vaulted . The gabled street fronts are structured by large six-part tracery windows in the upper area and smaller pointed arch windows in the lower area.
The parish and community complex that emerged from the same planning, consisting of a front building, right side wing and transverse building, was directly connected to the Elbinger Straße.
Furnishing
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The altar is enclosed by a semicircular apse . The pulpit stood to the left of the altar pedestal. The almost 1000 seats are distributed over the curved church stalls in the church interior and on benches in two galleries. The vaulted areas under the galleries and the apse are made from Rabitz . The columns beneath the galleries are made of iron profiles covered with Rabitz and stucco plaster . The capitals were probably adorned with acanthus leaves . The balustrades of the galleries were covered by various stucco ornaments. The sandstone pillars on both sides of the entrance extend over the organ gallery to the roof under the bell house.
All of the painting that adorns the interior, including the window painting, is the work of church painter August Oetken . The vaulted ceilings under the galleries and in the entrance area were made of tempera . The plastered fields between the visible beams of the wooden ceiling were painted with Gothic patterns and the walls of the church interior were painted with ashlar. The ensemble of pulpit, altar and baptismal font was made of marble and decorated with inlays. The altar niche itself was painted like a cassette.
After the First World War , the ogival wall niches to the left and right of the apse were provided with two memorial plaques for the more than 600 fallen in the community. In 1922 August Oetken painted the wall niches in the style of the original design. In 1932 an altarpiece with the representation of the mission order was donated. The previous painting on the wall of the apse disappeared because it had to be re-plastered. In 1962, in the entrance area of the church, also called the tower hall, a sandstone plaque was placed on the right wall to commemorate the victims of both world wars. Opposite this panel, the old altar cross was moved as part of a redesign of the sanctuary . A new altar cross from 1967 in copper enamel takes the place on the altar.
The entrance to the nave was redesigned in 1973 by inserting a glass wall. In 1975 the side rooms below the galleries were separated off, the arching of one remained.
Chapel and community hall
In 1945, two areas of the destroyed church were made usable for community meetings, the tower hall behind the main portal and the area under the gallery on the side of Schneidemühler Straße. The outer masonry made it possible to separate a room with the benches that had been preserved from the nave by a board wall, later replaced by temporary masonry. When the church was rebuilt, the areas under both side galleries were separated from the nave. The hall on the side of Danziger Straße was used for meetings, and the hall on the side of Heinz-Bartsch-Straße was used for church services. This room was officially declared a chapel by the parish council in 1958.
In 1966, a simple pulpit, an altar and a baptismal font, all made of wood, were erected on a pedestal in the area of the new nave. A wall cross, a brass bowl and two brass candlesticks were purchased to match. The positive organ was to the left of the chapel entrance. The benches were exchanged for chairs.
After a renovation in 1982, the altar, baptismal font and positive organ found their current place. This made the chapel flexible to use. The simple pulpit no longer exists. In 1976 the community hall was redesigned. The cross vaults from Rabitz were torn out. A plaster coffered ceiling was installed to reduce the height of the room, but half of it covered the pointed arch windows. As part of a redesign of the community hall in 2004, the window arches were exposed again by raising the ceiling. With a centrally mounted folding door of the church hall can be divided as required.
Bells
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The Advent community had three bronze bells cast in the Franz Schilling Söhne bell foundry in Apolda. During the First World War in 1917 the large and medium bronze bells were used as war material. On November 30, 1924, two new hard-cast iron bells from the Schilling & Lattermann company from Morgenröthe were consecrated . During the Second World War, the small bronze bell for war material had to be handed in in 1941. In 1945, the central chilled cast iron bell was destroyed by a shell hit in the church tower. The large chilled iron bell remained undamaged in the bell cage. As part of the reconstruction of the church, a makeshift repair of the belfry was carried out. In May 1951, the community received a small bronze bell from the city, which came from Cluj- Napoca. It was given up for armament purposes in World War II, but not melted down. On June 10, 1951, the small bronze bell was consecrated and the intact and re-attached large chilled cast iron bell was put into operation. In May 1952 the small bronze bell fell out of the belfry and had to be reattached. The small bronze bell was sold to finance two new chilled cast iron bells and the bell cage underwent a general overhaul. On December 21, 1958 the consecration of the new bells took place.
All bells of the Advent Church at a glance:
| Bell jar | Chime | Casting year | Foundry, casting location | Mass (kg) |
Diameter ( cm) |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big bronze bell | it' | 1910 | Franz Schilling, Apolda | 1080 | 125 | + Glory to God in the highest + |
| Medium bronze bell | G' | 1910 | Franz Schilling, Apolda | 530 | 97 | + Peace on earth + |
| Small bronze bell | b ' | 1910 | Franz Schilling, Apolda | 300 | ? | + And a pleasure + to men |
| Large chilled cast iron bell | f ' | 1924 | Schilling & Lattermann, Morgenröthe | 1343 | 144 | + Glory to God on high - In bloody need it was an iron commandment - The bronze bells from 1910 were sacrificed to the fatherland in 1917 + |
| Medium chilled cast iron bell | as' | 1924 | Schilling & Lattermann, Morgenröthe | 748 | ? | + Peace on earth + |
| Small bronze bell | as' | 1833 | ? | 300 | ? | + Fusa est haec Campana… + |
| Medium chilled cast iron bell | as' | 1958 | Schilling & Lattermann, Morgenröthe | 760 | 122 | + Evangelical Advent Church Community Berlin 1958 - No. 487 + |
| Small chilled cast iron bell | c " | 1958 | Schilling & Lattermann, Morgenröthe | 360 | 96 | + Evangelical Advent Church Community Berlin 1958 - No. 488 + |
organ
In the gallery above the entrance, the dedicated on November 30, 1952 is sour - Organ op in 1695 with 1,800. Pipes , two manuals , pedal and electro-pneumatic tracker action .
The organ has 35 sounding registers :
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The Adventist church already owned a Sauer organ from 1911, which was completely destroyed by the war. The magistrate of Greater Berlin provided the entire sum of 50,000 marks required for the reconstruction of the organ . The instrument was extensively renovated in the 1980s. In 1993 the console was rebuilt and in 1999 the organ pipes were cleaned and revised. Also in 2019 all pipes were expanded by the builder Sauer, cleaned and Matthias Ullmann intoned .
Mosaic in the apse
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In 1952 a renovation was carried out in the semicircular apse in order to allow the Christ to emerge again in its contours. In the mid-1950s, the face of Christ was affected by water damage in the roof area above the apse. The apse was redesigned in 1958 with the controversial Majestas Domini mosaic by Lothar Mannewitz made of colored glass stones on the wall, despite much opposition from the community . The oval glass mosaic, which consists of many symbols and is rooted in biblical tradition, fitted into the apse, shows Jesus Christ as King and Ruler of the worlds. The motif refers to the Revelation of John . The old plaster had to be removed from the apse wall for production. The individual segments of the mosaic were pressed into the still soft new plaster.
Use of the church building and community life
The church is home to the Evangelical Advent Zacchaeus Congregation, which has existed since 2004 and emerged from the merger of the Advent and Zacchaeus congregations. In addition to the normal use of worship services, including the Lord's Supper , baptisms , confirmations , weddings or funeral ceremonies , the Advent Church serves as a venue for church concerts. There is an adult, a trombone and a children's choir in the community . There is also a youth, a women and a senior group as well as various discussion and Bible groups.
After the conference of the Evangelical Academy Berlin-Brandenburg ( GDR ) on January 9, 1982 with the topic “Can you talk about it? - Homosexuality as a question for theology and the congregation “the discussion group on homosexuality was founded. This has been housed in the Adventist Church since 1987.
As part of the “Open Door”, the church is open on Wednesdays from 9 a.m. and the congregation invites you to breakfast in the congregation hall.
See also
literature
- Evangelical Advent-Zachäus-Kirchengemeinde (Hrsg.): 100 years Evangelical Advent-Church. Berlin 2011.
- Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Sacral buildings. (= Berlin and its buildings , part VI.) Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997.
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978.
- Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments: Berlin. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2006.
- Ernst Badstübner , Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger: Churches in Berlin. Berlin 1987.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bartholomäus in Berlin , accessed on March 30, 2017
- ↑ Architectural monument of the Advent Church
- ↑ Monument plaque of the Advent Church , accessed on November 24, 2011
- ↑ St. Bartholomew parish
- ↑ For the 100th anniversary of the parish fair of the Advent Church in Berlin. Evangelical Church Community Schüren in Dortmund, accessed on April 5, 2014 (details on the construction of the church up to its inauguration).
- ↑ [1]
- ^ Website of the Evangelical Advent Zacchaeus Parish